Clinical efficacy of leprerelin acetate with different dosage forms in central precocious puberty girls

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of different dosage forms of lepraline acetate(LA)in the treatment of girls with central precocious puberty(CPP).Methods:72 CPP girls treated in the Department of Pediatrics of Huai'an First People's Hospital from February 2021 to August 2022 were included as subjects and divided into two groups:3-month LA group(n=34)and 1-month LA group(n=38).Both group girls were treated for 6 months.Serum hormone levels,body mass index(BMI),bone age/chronological age(BA/CA)and pelvic color ultrasound were detected at 0 and 6 months after treatment,and the changes of various indexes were compared before and after treatment.Results:1)There were no significant differences in baseline data between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).2)After 6 months of treatment,BA/CA decreased,growth rate slowed down,and predicted adult height increased in both groups(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences between groups(P>0.05).3)After 6 months of treatment,there waere no significant differences in luteinizing hormone(LH)inhibition ratio between the 3 month and 1 month dosage groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the peak value of serum LH and FSH,estradiol level,uterine volume,bilateral ovarian volume,maximum follicle diameter and the number of follicles 4mm were significantly decreased in the two groups,but there were no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).4)There were no significant differences in the levels of thyroid hormone,fasting blood glucose and triglyceride between the two groups before and after treatment(P>0.05).Total cholesterol levels were increased after treatment(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between groups(P>0.05).5)No serious adverse reactions occurred during the treatment of the two dosage forms of LA,but the 3-month dosage form of LA reduced the treatment cost and improved the treatment compliance.Conclusion:The short-term efficacy of 3-month LA in the treatment of CPP in girls is similar to that of 1-month LA.The 3-month dosage form LA is a safe,effective,and economical method for the treatment of CPP in girls.

Treatment of central precocious puberty by GnRH analogs： long-term outcome in men

In boys, central precocious puberty （CPP） is the appearance of secondary sex characteristics driven by pituitary gonadotropin secretion before the age of 9 years. In the last years, relevant improvements in the treatment of CPP have been achieved. Because CPP is rare in boys, the majority of papers on this issue focus on girls and do not address specific features of male patients regarding end results and safety. In the present paper, recent advances of CPP management with GnRH analogs in men are summarized. End results in untreated and treated patients are also reviewed by an analysis of the recently published literature on treatment of CPP in men. The available data indicate that therapy with GnRH analogs can improve final height into the range of target height without significant adverse short-term and long-term effects, but longer follow-up of larger series of patients is still required to draw definitive conclusions.

Rare mutation in MKRN3 in two twin sisters with central precocious puberty: Two case reports

BACKGROUND Caused by premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis,there is increasing incidence of central precocious puberty(CPP),especially in girls.Makorin ring finger protein 3(MKRN3),a maternal imprinted gene with a highly conserved sequence,is the most common genetic etiology associated with CPP.Approximately 50 different mutations in MKRN3 have been found in CPP.CASE SUMMARY This case report involves identical twin sisters presenting with premature thelarche at the age of 6 years.The left hand bone age of both patients revealed advanced age(9 years).Pelvic B ultrasound indicated enlargement of the ovaries.Luteinizing hormone(LH)releasing hormone testing confirmed CPP.Wholeexome sequencing detected the c.841C>T mutation in MKRN3,leading to a single base substitution,in the twins.This mutation was inherited from the father and paternal grandmother.After 3 mo of treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog,levels of LH,follicle-stimulating hormone,and estradiol in the proband’s sister returned to normal levels.CONCLUSION Here,we report a rare mutation(c.841C>T)in MKRN3 in identical twin sisters with CPP.

Efficacy and Safety of Domestic Leuprorelin in Girls with Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty： A Multicenter,Randomized, Parallel, Controlled Trial

Background：In central precocious puberty （CPP）,the pulse secretion and release ofgonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） are increased due to early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis,resulting in developmental abnormalities with gonadal development and appearance of secondary sexual characteristics.The CPP without organic disease is known as idiopathic CPP （ICPP）.The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of domestic leuprorelin （GnRH analog） in girls with ICPP.Methods：A total of 236 girls with ICPP diagnosed from April 2012 to January 2014 were selected and were randomized into two groups.One hundred fifty-seven girls in the test group were treated with domestic leuprorelin acetate,79 girls in the control group were treated with imported leuprorelin acetate.They all were treated and observed for 6 months.After 6-month treatment,the percentage of children with peak luteinizing hormone （LH） ≤3.3 U/L,the percentage of children with peak LH/peak follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） ratio 〈0.6,the improvements of secondary sexual characteristics,gonadal development and sex hormone levels,the change of growth rate of bone age （BA） and growth velocity,and drug adverse effects between two groups were compared.Results：After the treatment,the percentage of children with a suppressed LH response to GnRH,defined as a peak LH ≤3.3 U/L,at 6 months in test and control groups were 96.80% and 96.20%,respectively,and the percentage of children with peak LH/FSH ratio ≤0.6 at 6 months in test and control groups were 93.60% and 93.70%,respectively.The sizes of breast,uterus and ovary of children and the levels of estradiol （E2） were significantly reduced,and the growth rate of BA was also reduced.All the differences between pre-and post-treatment in each group were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）,but the differences of the parameters between two groups were not significant （P 〉 0.05）.Conclusions：Domestic leuprorelin is effective and safe in the treatment of Chinese girls with ICPP.Its effectiveness and safety are comparable with imported leuprorelin.

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty

The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and idiopathic central precocious puberty （ICPP） has been recently documented. In this study, 280 girls diagnosed with ICPP and 188 normal puberty control girls of similar ages were enrolled and retrospectively studied. The ICPP group had significantly lower serum 25- hydroxyvitamin D （25[OH]D） levels than the control group. Furthermore, a nonlinear relationship was found between serum 25[OH]D and ICPP, and a cut-offpoint for serum 25[OH]D was found at 31.8 ng/ml for ICPP with and without adjusting the different confounding factors. Girls with serum 25[OH]D 〉~ 31.8 ng/ml had a lower odds ratio （unadjusted： OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.83, P 〈 0.05; height and weight adjusted： OR 0.44, 95~0 CI 0.18 to 1.08, P = 0.072; BMI adjusted： OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.84, P 〈 0.05）. The ICPP subjects with 25[OH]D deficiency had a higher body mass index （BMI） than the subjects from the two other subgroups. Correlation analysis showed that vitamin D level is correlated with BMI and some metabolic parameters in the ICPP group. Our study suggested that vitamin D status may be associated with ICPP risk and may have a threshold effect on ICPP.

Central precocious puberty as a prelude of gonad dysplasia

There is increasing evidence that patients with gonad dysplasia,as characterized by absent or incomplete puberty,can also exhibit central precocious puberty(CPP).Herein,we review the reported cases that manifest with both gonad dysplasia and CPP.Further,we examine the hypothesis that these patients exhibit a normal hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal axis,hypogonadism,and the presence of residual gonadal function,and that the onset of disease is related to early initiation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.Thus,we suggest that CPP is a prelude of some partial hypogonadism.

Expression and significance of netrin-1 and its receptor UNC5C in precocious puberty female rat hypothalamus

Objective:To study expressions of netrin-1 and its receptor UNC5 C in female precocious puberty rat hypothalamus,and explore its effect on precocious puberty process.Methods:Forty female one-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:experimental group A(precocious puberty early youth),experimental group B(precocious puberty medium youth),group A(normal pre-puberty).group B(normal early youth) with 10 rats in each group.Precocious puberty experimental rats were induced with Danazol and rals in control group were injected with saline.Uterus and ovaries were removed,specimens were weighed,litems index and ovarian index were calculated,and amount of luteinizing hormone(LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) were detected from the blood by ELISA.Real-time PCR was used to delect netrin-1 and its receptor UNC5 C.as well as hypothalamic gonadolropinreleasing hormone(GnRH) mRNA expression in hypothalamus tissues:and then,a coimmunoprecipitation study of interactions between netrin-1 and its receptor UNC5 C was carried out.Results:Relative target gene expression levels of control group A,control group B.experimental group A,and experimental group B(with,3-actin as an internal control for normalization) were as follows:Netrin-1:3.5±0.9,5.4±0.7.4.9±1.0.5.3±0.3:UNC5C:0.8±0.04.1.7±0.2.1.82±0.23.1.58±0.4:GnRH:1.2±0.3.2.7±0.3.2.4±0.7.3.2±0.4.Conclusions:LH and FSH concentrations,netrin-1 and its receptor expression are increased in precocious puberty animal models.

Central precocious puberty as a prelude to hypogonadism in a patient with Klinefelter syndrome

Introduction:Incomplete pubertal development is a common phenomenon found in patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KFS).KFS combined with central precocious puberty (CPP) rarely occurs.We herein report a rare case of KFS with CPP and review several studies to determine the possible mechanism underlying this condition.Case presentation:An 8-year,5-month-old male patient was admitted to our hospital because of enlargement of the penis and small testes.Laboratory evaluation revealed high luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels,a high testosterone level,and the 48,XXYY karyotype.He was treated with triptorelin.One year later,the patient's testosterone level decreased and pubertal arrest occurred.Conclusion:The literature review in this study showed that the occurrence of hypogonadism combined with CPP is not unique to patients with KFS;it has also been reported in individuals with Turner syndrome,adrenal hypoplasia congenita,and other diseases.Such individuals share common features including partial hypogonadism and a normal hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.CPP is considered a prelude to hypogonadism,and treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist may prevent gonadal failure.

Independent Relationship between Body Mass Index and LH Peak Value of GnRH Stimulation Test in ICPP Girls: A Cross-sectional Study

The effect of obesity on idiopathic central precocious puberty（ICPP） girls is still under discussion. The relationship between body mass index（BMI） and sexual hormone levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone（GnRH） stimulation test in ICPP girls is controversial and the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study aims to further explore the independent effect of excess adiposity on peak luteinizing hormone（LH） level of stimulation test in ICPP girls and the role of other related factors. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 618 girls diagnosed as having ICPP, including 355 cases of normal weight, 99 cases of overweight and 164 cases of obese. The results showed that obese group had more progressed Tanner stage and no significant difference（P=0.28） in LH peak was found as basal LH value was used as a covariate. The obese group had higher total testosterone（TT）, adrenocorticotrophic hormone（ACTH）, 17-α hydroxyprogesterone（17-αOHP） and androstendione（AN）, with significantly increased fasting insulin（FIN） and homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index（HOMA-IR）. Stratified analysis showed inconsistency of the relationship between BMI-standard deviation score（BMI-SDS） and LH peak in different Tanner stages（P for interaction=0.017）. Further smoothing plot showed linear and non-linear relationship between BMI-SDS and LH peak in three Tanner stages. Then linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between BMI-SDS and LH peak in different Tanner stages, with and without different confounding factors being adjusted. In B2 stage, BMI-SDS was negatively associated with LH peak. In B3 stage, when BMI-SDS 〈1.5, as BMI-SDS increased, the level of LH peak decreased（model Ⅰ： β=–1.8, 95% CI=–4.7 to 1.1, P=0.214）. When BMI-SDS ≥1.5, BMI-SDS was significantly positively associated with LH peak（model Ⅰ： β=4.5, 95% CI=1.7 to 7.4, P=0.002）. In B4 stage, when BMI-SDS 〈1.5, BMI-SDS was negatively associated with LH peak（model Ⅰ： β=–11.6, 95% CI=–22.7 to –0.5, P=0.049）. When BMI-SDS ≥1.5, BMI-SDS was positively associated with LH peak（model Ⅰ： β=–4.2, 95% CI=–3.3 to 11.7, P=0.28）. It is concluded that there is an independent correlation between BMI-SDS and LH peak of stimulation test in ICPP girls, their relationships are different in different Tanner stages, and the effect of BMI-SDS can be affected by adrenal androgens, estradiol and glucose metabolism parameters.

滋阴疏肝颗粒配合耳穴贴压法治疗女童性早熟的疗效及对其性激素、性腺体积的影响

目的 观察滋阴疏肝颗粒配合耳穴贴压法治疗女童性早熟的疗效及对其性激素、性腺体积的影响。方法 选取2021年1月—2022年10月期间荆州市第一人民医院收治的性早熟女童98例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各49例。对照组患儿给予亮丙瑞林治疗,观察组给予滋阴疏肝颗粒配合耳穴贴压法治疗,疗程3个月。观察比较两组患儿临床疗效、不良反应情况,治疗前后中医证候积分,性激素[血清孕酮(Progesterone,P)、睾酮(Testosterone,T)、雌二醇(Estradiol,E_(2))、黄体生成素(Luteinizing hormone,LH)、促卵泡激素(Follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)和催乳素(Prolactin,PRL)]、乳核指数、子宫体积、卵巢体积和骨龄(Bone age,BA)/生活年龄(Chronological age,CA)比值。结果 治疗后两组患儿中医证候积分较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组中医证候积分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患儿血清性激素P、LH、FSH、E_(2)和PRL水平均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),T水平与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);且观察组血清性激素P、LH、FSH、E_(2)和PRL水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),T水平与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后两组患儿子宫体积、卵巢体积、乳核指数及BA/CA值均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组子宫体积、卵巢体积、乳核指数及BA/CA值均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组的临床总有效率87.50%(42/48)明显高于对照组72.34%(34/47),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.247,P=0.012)。治疗期间,两组患儿不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.146,P=0.702)。结论 滋阴疏肝颗粒配合耳穴贴压法治疗女童性早熟可调节性激素水平,缩小性腺体积,抑制第二性征提前发育,提高临床疗效。

单纯性乳房早发育女童的临床特征及进展为中枢性性早熟的影响因素分析

目的探讨单纯性乳房早发育(IPT)女童的临床特征及进展为中枢性性早熟(CPP)的影响因素。方法选取2017年1月—2021年12月于我院首诊的85例IPT女童为研究对象,根据1年内是否进展为CPP分为进展组与未进展组,比较2组患儿的临床随访资料。采用Logistic回归分析IPT患儿进展为CPP的独立影响因素;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线来分析相关指标对患儿进展为CPP的预测价值。结果全部患儿中,1年内共有20例进展为CPP,发生率为23.5%。进展组患儿的发病年龄,身高、体质量及身体质量指数(BMI)的标准差评分,Tanner分期为3期的比例,骨龄与实际年龄的比值,子宫长径,血胰岛素样生长因-1(IGF-1)水平均明显大/高于未进展组(P<0.05);进展组患儿的母亲初潮年龄小于未进展组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果表明,Tanner分期、血IGF-1水平、子宫长径是IPT患儿进展为CPP的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果表明,IPT患儿初诊时的IGF-1水平与子宫长径对其1年内进展为CPP具有较高的预测价值,其曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.789、0.729(P<0.05)。结论IPT女童进展为CPP并不少见,与Tanner分期、血IGF-1水平、子宫长径等有关,临床上应加强对高危患儿的随访干预。

单时相GnRH激发试验对不同体重指数女童中枢性性早熟诊断价值的研究

目的 探讨单时相促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH)激发试验对不同体重指数(body mass index,BMI)女童中枢性性早熟(central precocious puberty,CPP)的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月—2023年8月在郑州大学第三附属医院就诊的7.5岁前出现乳房发育的760例女童数据。根据GnRH激发试验结果和临床表现综合诊断,分为CPP组(n=297)和非CPP组(n=463)。再根据体重指数(body mass index,BMI)分为正常体重组(n=540)、超重组(n=116)及肥胖组(n=104)。采用受试者操作特征曲线分析单时相GnRH激发试验对不同BMI女童CPP的诊断价值。结果 GnRH激发后30 min黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)/卵泡刺激素诊断CPP的曲线下面积为0.985,高于0、60、90 min LH/卵泡刺激素的曲线下面积(P<0.05)。30 min与60 minLH诊断价值相当(P>0.05)。30 min LH与BMI及BMI-Z值呈负相关(P<0.05)。30 min LH在正常体重、超重、肥胖女童中诊断CPP的曲线下面积分别为0.952、0.965、0.954 (P<0.05)。结论 30 min GnRH激发试验对不同BMI女童CPP均有较好的诊断价值,有望替代传统的GnRH激发试验,但应注意BMI对LH水平的影响。

曲普瑞林治疗特发性中枢性性早熟女童的效果及对第二性征的影响

目的探讨特发性中枢性性早熟女童采用曲普瑞林治疗的效果和对第二性征的影响。方法选取2021年1月至2022年1月遵化市人民医院儿科诊治的78例特发性中枢性性早熟女童作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组39例。对照组仅采用饮食调整等基础干预,观察组在对照组基础上使用曲普瑞林治疗,比较两组的治疗效果、第二性征发育指标(子宫容积、卵巢容积及乳腺大小)、生长指标[身高、体重及骨龄/实际年龄(BA/CA)]、性激素水平[卵泡刺激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E_2)、黄体生成素(LH)]和药物安全性。结果观察组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗12个月后观察组子宫容积、卵巢容积和乳腺大小显著小于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗12个月后观察组体重、身高、BA/CA水平均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗12个月后观察组FSH、LH、E_2水平显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组仅出现2例轻微皮疹反应,药物安全性好。结论采用曲普瑞林治疗特发性中枢性性早熟女童的临床效果好,可显著抑制性激素水平,改善第二性征发育指标和生长指标,且安全性佳。

自拟降火滋阴方配合醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗女童中枢性性早熟临床研究

目的探讨自拟降火滋阴方配合醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗女童中枢性性早熟的临床疗效。方法选取86例中枢性性早熟女童,将其随机分为对照组和试验组,每组43例。对照组予以醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗,试验组予以自拟降火滋阴方配合醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗。治疗6个月后,比较2组治疗总有效率,子宫容积、最大卵泡直径、卵巢容积等超声检查指标,以及黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、雌二醇(estradiol,E 2)、卵泡刺激素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)等血清性激素水平。结果治疗后,试验组总有效率为90.70%,对照组为72.09%;组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组子宫容积、最大卵泡直径、卵巢容积均较治疗前降低(P均<0.05),且试验组上述超声指标明显小于对照组(P均<0.05)。2组血清LH、E 2、FSH水平均较治疗前下降(P均<0.05),且试验组上述血清性激素水平明显低于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论自拟降火滋阴方配合醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗女童中枢性性早熟可显著增强疗效,改善相关超声指标,并能有效调节性激素水平。

基于网络药理学探讨知柏地黄汤化裁方治疗性早熟的分子机制研究

目的 目的 采用网络药理学探讨知柏地黄汤化裁方防治特发性中枢性性早熟(idiopathic central precocious puberty,ICPP)的分子机制。方法 使用中药系统平台搜集知柏地黄汤化裁方单味药活性成分;PubChem数据库和Uniprot数据库获取知柏地黄汤化裁方的主要活性成分靶基因;DisGeNET数据库获取ICPP的靶点;STRING数据库和Cytoscape软件构建蛋白相互作用网络模型及KEGG代谢通路分析;PyMOL软件绘图。结果 获得活性成分61个,与疾病的交集基因靶点13个,涉及的重要信号通路3条。结论 知柏地黄汤化裁方主要通过多成分、多靶点、多通路发挥对ICPP的治疗作用,为临床治疗提供一定的理论依据。

缺铁性贫血孕妇的中医体质分布及影响因素研究

【目的】分析缺铁性贫血(iron deficiency anemia,IDA)孕妇的中医体质分布规律及相关影响因素,为中医药防治妊娠期IDA提供指导方案。【方法】纳入109例符合条件的妊娠期IDA患者,收集孕妇的一般资料、中医体质鉴别结果和相关实验室指标,包括血清铁蛋白(Fer)、血红蛋白(Hb)及平均红细胞体积(MCV)。对IDA孕妇的中医体质分布规律及相关影响因素、妊娠结局进行统计分析。【结果】(1)109例IDA孕妇中医体质以偏颇质为主,有60例(55.05%),各体质分布人数和比例从高到低依次为:平和质49例(44.95%)>湿热质13例(11.93%)>阳虚质12例(11.01%)>阴虚质11例(10.09%)>气虚质10例(9.17%)>气郁质9例(8.26%)>血瘀质3例(2.75%)>痰湿质2例(1.83%)。(2)不同体质类型IDA孕妇的Hb和MCV水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但湿热质IDA孕妇的Fer水平显著高于平和质(P<0.01),湿热质IDA孕妇发生羊水混浊的概率显著高于平和质及其他偏颇体质(P<0.05)。【结论】湿热质是IDA孕妇最常见的偏颇体质,其次是阳虚质、阴虚质和气虚质,湿热质可能是IDA孕妇的易感体质,此体质类型IDA孕妇的Fer水平显著高于平和质,而其发生羊水混浊的概率显著高于平和质及其他偏颇体质。

中医治疗女童特发性性早熟的研究进展

近年来,随着生活水平不断提高,儿童性早熟发病率逐年上升。中医认为,性早熟与肝、脾、肾功能失调密切相关,发病机制复杂,中医药治疗性早熟效果显著。本文通过对近5年中医治疗女童特发性性早熟的辨治经验、临床研究与实验研究进行综述,以期对该领域进一步发展提供参考。

盆腔超声在ICPP诊断及短期疗效评估中的应用

目的探讨盆腔超声对于特发性中枢性性早熟(ICPP)的诊断及促性腺激素释放激素类似物(GnRHa)治疗后短期疗效的评估价值。方法选取2019年12月至2022年11月于陕西省人民医院诊断为ICPP的女童72例为研究组,其中接受GnRHa治疗的ICPP女童43例为观察组,选取同期于我院健康体检女童64例为对照组,所有女童均接受盆腔超声检查。比较研究组和对照组盆腔超声参数的差异,比较观察组治疗前后激素水平和盆腔超声参数的变化;探讨ICPP组盆腔超声参数与促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)激发实验结果之间相关性,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析盆腔超声单一参数及多参数联合对于ICPP的诊断价值。结果研究组子宫长径、子宫横径、子宫前后径、子宫体体积、宫体/宫颈、双侧卵巢容积、双侧卵泡数目、双侧卵泡直径>0.4cm个数及双侧最大卵泡直径参数均显著大于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(z值介于-7.971~-3.327之间,P<0.05);观察组治疗后身高、体重、盆腔超声各参数及GnRH激发实验结果较治疗前均明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(t/z值介于-9.491~-0.881之间,P<0.05),BMI差异无统计学意义(t值为-1.844,P>0.05)。相关性分析显示子宫长径、子宫横径、子宫前后径、子宫体体积、双侧卵巢容积及右侧最大卵泡直径与GnRH激发实验结果呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。单一参数诊断ICPP的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.607~0.897,多参数联合诊断的AUC为0.956,诊断价值更高。结论ICPP会影响女童生长发育状况,GnRHa治疗可有效改善该情况。盆腔超声多参数联合对于ICPP有较高的诊断价值,可为临床ICPP的诊断及短期疗效评估提供重要的依据。

血清维生素D水平与女童中枢性性早熟的相关性分析

目的 探讨血清维生素D水平与女童中枢性性早熟(central precocious puberty,CPP)的相关性。方法 收集宁波市妇女儿童医院就诊的103名CPP女童(病例组)和行健康体检的53名健康女童(对照组)作为研究对象。运用化学发光法检测两组女童血清中25-羟维生素D_(3)[25(OH)D_(3)]水平,病例组女童测量体质量、身高。采用放射免疫法测定血清卵泡刺激素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)及峰值、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)及峰值、雌二醇(estradiol,E_(2))、催乳素(prolactin,PRL)、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic gonadotropin,HCG)水平和甲状腺功能,计算LH峰值/FSH峰值。完善子宫附件B超检查,计算子宫容积和双侧卵巢体积。依据血清25(OH)D_(3)检测结果将病例组女童分为维生素D正常组和维生素D缺乏组,比较两组女童的激素水平、子宫及卵巢发育的差异。结果 病例组女童的血清25(OH)D_(3)水平低于对照组,维生素D缺乏率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。维生素D缺乏组女童出现乳房结节年龄小于维生素D正常组(P<0.05);维生素D正常组与维生素D缺乏组女童的体质量、身高、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、子宫容积和左卵巢体积比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);维生素D缺乏组女童的右卵巢体积显著大于维生素D正常组(P<0.05);维生素D正常组与维生素D缺乏组女童的血清FSH、LH、PRL、HCG水平及FSH峰值、甲状腺功能比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);维生素D缺乏组女童的E_(2)水平、LH峰值、LH峰值/FSH峰值显著高于维生素D正常组(P<0.05)。25(OH)D_(3)与LH峰/FSH峰呈负相关(r=-0.197,P<0.05),与甲状腺功能、FSH、LH、PRL、E_(2)、HCG、FSH峰值和LH峰值相关性均不显著(P>0.05)。结论 维生素D缺乏与女童CPP的发生相关;维生素D缺乏可能导致性早熟发病年龄提前;维生素D缺乏可能影响下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴功能,女童生殖激素指标可相应改变,卵巢体积随之增大。

照顾者对中枢性性早熟患儿注射醋酸亮丙瑞林(缓释)微球后发生局部不良反应的知信行调查

目的 调查照顾者对中枢性性早熟患儿注射醋酸亮丙瑞林(缓释)微球后发生局部不良反应的知信行情况,并分析其原因。方法 采用自行设计的问卷对首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院门诊注射室的468例使用醋酸亮丙瑞林(缓释)微球的患儿照顾者进行问卷调查。结果 回收有效问卷共459份,照顾者对注射部位不良反应的了解情况、态度及护理应对总得分为(116.92±20.84)分。了解情况得分为(53.93±14.31)分,态度得分为(20.58±4.04)分,护理应对得分为(42.40±8.26)分。不同职业类型、患儿就诊类型、患儿皮肤不良反应发生次数对照顾者的了解情况得分有影响,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同患儿用药时间、患儿皮肤不良反应发生次数对照顾者的态度得分、护理应对得分有影响,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析结果显示,照顾者职业类型、患儿出现皮肤不良反应次数是照顾者对患儿注射部位不良反应的了解情况得分的影响因素(P=0.047,P<0.001);患儿用药时间、出现皮肤不良反应次数是照顾者对患儿注射部位产生不良反应的态度得分(P<0.001,P=0.001)、护理应对得分(P=0.003,P=0.003)的影响因素。结论 照顾者对中枢性性早熟患儿注射醋酸亮丙瑞林(缓释)微球后发生局部不良反应有一定护理应对能力,但照顾者对相关知识了解有限,护理人员应积极通过口头宣教、科普视频等方式,提高照顾者对患儿用药期间相关护理知识的了解情况与重视程度。