Pushover analysis of reinforced concrete frames considering shear failure at beam-column joints

Since most current seismic capacity evaluations of reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures are implemented by either static pushover analysis （PA） or dynamic time history analysis, with diverse settings of the plastic hinges （PHs） on such main structural components as columns, beams and walls, the complex behavior of shear failure at beam-column joints （BCJs） during major earthquakes is commonly neglected. This study proposes new nonlinear PA procedures that consider shear failure at BCJs and seek to assess the actual damage to RC structures. Based on the specifications of FEMA-356, a simplified joint model composed of two nonlinear cross struts placed diagonally over the location of the plastic hinge is established, allowing a sophisticated PA to be performed. To verify the validity of this method, the analytical results for the capacity curves and the failure mechanism derived from three different full-size RC frames are compared with the experimental measurements. By considering shear failure at BCJs, the proposed nonlinear analytical procedures can be used to estimate the structural behavior of RC frames, including seismic capacity and the progressive failure sequence of joints, in a precise and effective manner.

Seismic Behaviour of Beam-Column Joints of Precast and Partial Steel Reinforced Concrete

A beam-column joint of precast and partial steel reinforced concrete( PPSRC) is proposed for precast reinforced concrete frames. The PPSRC consists of partial steel and reinforced concrete. The partial steel is located in the core joint region and the connections between concrete members. This paper presents an experimental study of a series of PPSRC specimens. These specimens are tested under low cyclic loading.Experimental results demonstrate that the bearing capacity of the PPSRC specimens is 3 times that of the ordinary reinforced concrete( RC) beam-column joints. The strength and stiffness degradation rates are slower compared with that of the RC beam-column joints. In addition,the strength of the core joint region and the connections is higher than other parts of the PPSRC specimens. Beam failure occurs firstly for the PPSRC specimens,followed by column failure and connections failure. The failure of the core joint region occurs finally.Test results show that the seismic performance of the PPSRC is better than that of the ordinary RC beam-column joints.

Development and Construction of 345 kV Power-Optical Fiber Composite XLPE 2,500 mm2 with Prefabricated Joint

Due to the increasing demand of replacing large capacity overhead lines with underground cables in Korea, KEPCO （Korea Electric Power Corporation） and LS Cable （LS Cable ＆ System） have developed 345 kV optical fiber composite XLPE （cross-linked polyethylene） 2,500 mm2 cable system. This system has been installed in Cheongna district of Incheon city. KEPCO and LS Cable are also planning to build the cooling system in a tunnel in order to reduce the ambient temperature caused by currents. In this paper, the process of development, field installation, and final inspection test of the complete system will be described.

Seismic performance of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete composite frame joints

To investigate the seismic performance of a composite frame comprised of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete （SRUHSC） columns and steel reinforced concrete （SRC） beams, six interior frame joint specimens were designed and tested under low cyclically lateral load. The effects of the axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio were studied on the characteristics of the frame joint performance including crack pattern, failure mode, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, strength degradation and rigidity degradation. It was found that all joint specimens behaved in a ductile manner with flexural-shear failure in the joint core region while plastic hinges appeared at the beam ends. The ductility and energy absorption capacity of joints increased as the axial load ratio decreased and the volumetric stirIup ratio increased. The displacement ductility coefficient and equivalent damping coefficient of the joints fell between the corresponding coefficients of the steel reinforced concrete （SRC） frame joint and RC frame joint. The axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio have less influence on the strength degradation and more influence on the stiffness degradation. The stiffness of the joint degrades more significantly for a low volumetric stirrup ratio and high axial load ratio. The characteristics obtained from the SRUHSC composite frame joint specimens with better seismic performance may be a useful reference in future engineering applications.

Seismic performance and global ductility of RC frames rehabilitated with retrofi tted joints by CFRP laminates

This paper presents a new FRP retrofi tting scheme to strengthen local beam-column joints in reinforced concrete(RC) frames.The new retrofi tting scheme was proposed following a preliminary study of four different existing retrofi tting schemes.A numerical simulation was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete frames by bridging behavior of local joints to the whole structure.Local confi nement effects due to varying retrofi tting schemes in the joints were simulated in the frame model.The seismic behavior factor was used to evaluate the seismic performance of the strengthened RC frames.The results demonstrated that the new proposed retrofi tting scheme was robust and promising,and fi nite element analysis appropriately captured the strength and global ductility of the frame due to upgrading of the local joints.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for the Beam-Column Joint Subjected to Cyclic Loading Was Performed Using ANSYS

This paper analyses the seismic performance of exterior beam-column joints strengthened with unconventional reinforcement detailing. The beam-column joint specimens were tested with reverse cyclic loading applied at the beam end. The samples were divided into two groups based on the joint reinforcement detailing. The first group (Group A) of three non-ductility specimens had joint detailing in accordance with the construction code of practice in India IS456-2000, and the second group (Group B) of three ductility specimens had joint reinforcement detailed as per IS13920-1993, with similar axial load cases as the first group. The experimental studies are proven with the analytical studies carried out by finite element models using ANSYS. The results show that the hysteresis simulation is satisfactory for both un-strengthened and ferrocement strengthened specimens. Furthermore, when ferrocement strengthening is employed, the strengthened beam-column joints exhibit better structural performance than the un-strengthened specimens of about 31.56% and 38.98 for DD-T1 and DD-T2 respectively. The analytical shear strength predictions were in line with the test results reported in the literature, thus adding confidence to the validity of the proposed models.

装配式钢结构梁柱连接节点研究进展

装配式建筑既是建筑现代设计理念、构件生产、现场管理革新的重要途径,也是推行组件化理念和智能化转型的重要举措。结合目前国内装配式钢结构梁柱连接节点研究情况,对可恢复式梁柱节点、方钢管柱-桁架梁、带悬臂梁节点、框架体系装配式节点形式的构造和力学性能进行阐述与总结。研究表明,装配式钢结构梁柱具有良好的承载力、延性和抗震性能,但是目前基于装配式节点构造及各参数的研究主要针对二维平面,一定程度上制约了其应用和发展,后续需对节点在火灾作用下的破坏及损伤时序、三维空间结构中楼板与梁柱节点的连接方式和考虑楼板后整体结构的复位机理与刚度变化历程进行进一步研究,为增加新材料、新工艺的应用,推广至实际工程提供理论依据。

Experimental and numerical investigation of the flexural performance of channel steel-bolt joint for prefabricated subway stations

Flexural performance of joints is critical for prefabricated structures.This study presents a novel channel steel-bolt(CB)joint for prefabricated subway stations.Full-scale tests are carried out to investigate the flexural behavior of the CB joint under the design loads of the test-case station.In addition,a three dimensional(3D)finite element(FE)model of the CB joint is established,incorporating viscous contact to simulate the bonding and detachment behaviors of the interface between channel steel and concrete.Based on the 3D FE model,the study examines the flexural bearing mechanism and influencing factors for the flexural performance of the CB joint.The results indicate that the flexural behavior of the CB joint exhibits significant nonlinear characteristics,which can be divided into four stages.To illustrate the piecewise linearity of the bending moment-rotational angle curve,a four-stage simplified model is proposed,which is easily applicable in engineering practice.The study reveals that axial force can enhance the flexural capacity of the CB joint,while the preload of the bolt has a negligible effect.The flexural capacity of the CB joint is approximate twice the value of the designed bending moment,demonstrating that the joint is suitable for the test-case station.

装配式混凝土剪力墙结构接缝连接研究进展

装配式剪力墙结构拼装时存在大量的水平接缝和竖向接缝,由于剪力墙的刚度较大,接缝连接处易存在刚度不足引起的损伤集聚问题,成为影响结构整体性和抗震性能的决定性因素。总结了国内外正在发展的预制装配式剪力墙结构水平和竖向接缝的连接形式,并对各类连接形式的构造特点、抗震性能、应用优势和技术瓶颈进行了系统阐述和分析,在此基础上探讨了装配式剪力墙结构接缝连接技术的发展方向。结果表明:目前湿式连接技术已较为成熟且被广泛应用,但仍存在现场湿作业量大、质量不易检测和控制等问题;干式连接技术工业化程度高,但对施工精度的要求也高,可能产生的螺栓松动、锈蚀以及磨损问题限制了其工程应用;将消能减震技术融入竖向接缝连接,利用超高性能混凝土实现水平接缝连接,并结合可恢复功能防震技术,是未来装配式剪力墙结构高质量发展的新增长点。

Study on Strengthening of RC Beam Column Joint Using Hybrid FRP Composites

Beam-Column joints are critical zones in reinforced concrete structures which are most vulnerable to earthquake forces. Hence strengthening beam-column joint is vital to save the structure and its inhabitants in case of seismic forces. Numerous retrofitting works using fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are being undertaken worldwide. This work aims to investigate the effectiveness of strengthening beam-column joints using natural and artificial fibres. In this study, basalt (natural fibres) as monolithic composite (BFRP) and as hybrid composite along with glass (artificial fibres) were used for strengthening of beam-column joints. Totally six specimens were prepared and tested under monotonic loading. Specimen details used were: two control specimen, two specimens for monolithic wrapping and remaining two specimens for hybrid wrapping. The test results were compared with control and rehabilitated specimens. The performance of the treated joints was studied using the following parameters: initial and ultimate cracking loads, energy absorption, deflection ductility and stiffness at ultimate. From the test results, it was found that the hybrid combination of Basalt and Glass FRPs were found to be more effective in the treatment of beam-column joints. The strong column weak beam concept was achieved by failure in beam portion which helped in preventing the catastrophic failure of the entire structure.

新型装配式型钢混凝土组合节点非线性分析

通过ABAQUS平台对新型装配式钢混组合节点试件进行有限元建模,基于试验结果,验证了该有限元模型的可靠性,并分析了节点盖板厚度和方钢管宽厚比对节点滞回性能、能量耗散及刚度退化等抗震性能的影响。结果表明:该新型节点具有良好的整体承载力及耗能能力;当增大节点盖板厚度时,试件的承载力、耗能及初始刚度均逐步增大,其峰值弯矩增幅约为17.6%,延性系数呈先增大后降低的变化趋势。当方钢管宽度一定时,节点承载力随着方钢管厚度的增大而增加,最大增幅约15.6%,但方钢管厚度对节点延性影响较小;当方钢管厚度一定时,节点的承载力变化较小,但其延性随着方钢管宽度的增大而增大,最大增幅约为24.2%;同时,方钢管宽厚比对新型节点强度和刚度退化性能的影响较为稳定。

装配式地连墙接缝变形特性研究

为了研究接缝对装配式地连墙变形特性的影响并采取合理的改进措施,采用现场试验的方法将局部现浇地连墙替换为装配式地连墙,并对其实测的变形数据进行了对比分析;在实测数据分析的基础上,通过PLAXIS2D有限元软件模拟分析了不同深度横向接缝对装配式地连墙变形特性的影响规律;通过PLAXIS3D有限元软件对比了现浇墙与装配式地连墙水平方向及竖直方向变形形态,分析了竖向接缝对装配式地连墙变形特性的影响规律;最后,针对实测数据显示出的变形偏大问题,提出了改变冠梁刚度、围檩刚度、墙幅宽度、支撑位置4种改进措施,并通过PLAXIS3D有限元软件进行了验证。结果表明:装配式地连墙的接缝对墙体的刚度存在弱化作用,增大了其变形程度;位于坑底以上的横向接头失效时,墙体水平位移会显著增大,位于坑底以下的横向接头失效时,不会引起墙体水平位移的显著增大;竖向接头会显著减小装配式墙体的整体刚度,使其协同变形能力变差,变形更加难以控制;适当调节支撑位置可有效缓解墙幅间的错动和减小墙体变形。

预制装配式仰拱与衬砌接头直剪试验研究

装配式结构具有成本低、工期短和绿色施工等优点,因此中国正在大力推动装配式技术的应用.装配式技术应用于高速公路隧道建设中时,预制装配式仰拱与现浇衬砌接头处存在较大的安全隐患,容易发生剪切破坏.为了探究该类装配式结构接头处直剪受力状态下的抗剪力学性能,以接头的界面植筋率、界面尺寸和界面处理方式作为变化参数,设计并制作了21个“Z”字形试件开展直剪试验,观测了试件失效的全部过程以及破坏形态,获取了试件的剪切-滑移曲线,系统地分析了接头直剪力学性能的变化规律.结果表明:试件破坏分为植筋剪断和混凝土失效两种破坏形态;随着界面植筋率增加,试件极限抗剪承载力、延性和抵抗界面损伤演化的能力均随之提升;界面植筋率由0.7%增至1.1%时,极限抗剪承载力提升最大为66.4%;界面凿毛处理后试件的抗剪性能更优,其延性提升最大为41.5%;界面植筋率相同时,随着界面尺寸的增大,抗剪承载力随之提升,最大提升64.8%;试件抗剪性能存在一定的尺寸效应,界面尺寸较小试件的抗剪承载力随界面植筋率增加而提升的效果不显著.最后根据相关规范计算方法,基于试验结果和拓展的剪切-摩擦理论,提出了改进的预制装配式仰拱与现浇衬砌接头的抗剪承载力计算公式,计算值与试验值吻合度良好.

新型装配式框架节点地震损伤性能研究

梁柱节点的构造型式对框架结构的力学性能影响显著,该设计了一种新型装配式框架节点,为研究新型装配式框架节点的地震损伤性能,以连接方式和轴压比为设计参数,设计制作了8个节点试件进行低周循环试验,结合VIC-3D技术监测试件柱端表面应变,观察其破坏模式,分析了该节点的滞回曲线、延性和耗能能力等抗震性能指标,建立了适合于装配式节点的修正损伤模型。结果表明:新型装配式节点破坏模式为剪切破坏,主要破坏位置发生在混凝土与钢部件的连接处;装配式节点滞回曲线饱满,耗能能力强,装配式Z字形拼接节点的累积总耗能为现浇节点的1.75倍,表现出较好的抗震性能;装配式节点的延性系数在2.02~3.78,轴压比的增大会使节点承载力提高,延性降低;修正模型计算出的损伤发展曲线与实际情况吻合较好;连接方式的改变能够显著影响节点的损伤发展速率,轴压比越小,损伤发展速率越慢。最后,对装配式框架结构性态水平进行了参数量化,给出了性态水平与层间位移角、损伤指数、柱端表面峰值应变的对应关系,研究结果可为该类结构损伤评估及震后恢复提供理论依据。

螺栓连接装配式梁柱节点抗火性能分析

目的研究一种新型螺栓连接装配式梁柱节点抗火性能,分析其高温下应力分布规律及破坏形式,为螺栓连接装配式梁柱节点抗火设计提供理论依据。方法采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立螺栓连接装配式梁柱节点模型,并采用顺序热力耦合方法对不同工况下螺栓连接装配式梁柱节点进行数值模拟;探讨梁端荷载比、混凝土保护层厚度以及受火方式等因素对螺栓连接装配式梁柱节点抗火性能影响。结果当混凝土保护层厚度由25 mm增加到30 mm时,节点耐火极限小幅增加;当混凝土保护层厚度由30 mm增加到35 mm时,节点耐火极限增加显著;与四面受火相比,三面受火时节点梁端位移受梁端荷载比、混凝土保护层厚度等参数的影响更明显;当梁端荷载比由0.7减小到0.5时,节点耐火极限增加了61%~68%;当混凝土保护层厚度由25 mm增加到35 mm时,节点耐火极限增加了10%~20%。结论节点耐火极限主要受节点区域内梁构件耐火极限影响;当梁端荷载比增加时,节点耐火极限减小;三面受火时节点耐火极限明显大于四面受火时节点耐火极限,故对梁上表面进行隔火处理可大幅度提升节点的耐火极限。

公路隧道箱型预制仰拱变形破坏的模型试验研究

基于自主设计的新型箱型预制仰拱结构,采用室内物理模型试验,结合数字照相量测技术,研究该箱型预制仰拱的力学特性及破坏模式,通过数值模拟研究实际工况中衬砌与仰拱共同作用的受力规律.结果表明:竖向荷载作用下产生的拉张效应是预制仰拱裂纹产生及发展的主要原因,水平压力对预制仰拱的裂纹发展作用不明显.预制块接缝处以及各个预制块中柱转角处是预制仰拱结构的最薄弱部位,接缝处和转角处影响预制仰拱结构的安全.预制仰拱位移变化关于中轴部位呈对称分布,位移由大到小依次为中间预制块、左1预制块、左2预制块、左3预制块.箱型预制仰拱破坏可以分为加载压密、弹塑性变形和塑性破坏3个阶段.当仰拱与衬砌共同作用时,仰拱的上部主要承受拉应力,仰拱的下部主要承受压应力.试验结果表明,所设计仰拱结构具有良好的受力性能.

装配式混凝土剪力墙-梁钢套筒节点性能试验研究

为研究螺栓连接的装配式剪力墙-梁节点的抗震性能,提出了一种在剪力墙内预埋高强螺杆,然后通过钢端板与混凝土梁连接的节点,设计了3组缩尺装配式试件与1组缩尺现浇试件,并对其进行了拟静力试验,研究分析了节点的破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化、耗能能力等。结果表明:3组装配式试件的滞回曲线呈“弓形”,且装配式试件的峰值承载力比现浇试件提升了8.42%~21.05%,位移延性系数在4.28~4.66之间,等效黏滞阻尼系数均在0.18~0.24之间,证明了该装配式节点具有良好的抗震能力和变形能力。

钢梁贯通型装配式混凝土框架梁柱节点恢复力模型研究

为研究装配式混凝土干连接节点在地震作用下的动力特性,文章设计制作了6个新型装配式节点,通过改变面承板厚度、钢环箍厚度、面承板宽度和钢梁翼缘厚度进行试验,研究不同变量对节点抗震性能的影响。基于试验结果及加载过程中的试验现象,结合三折线模型对数据进行处理,拟合出计算骨架曲线,并在此基础上,结合滞回规则拟合出计算滞回曲线。将拟合所得计算骨架曲线和计算滞回曲线与试验所得曲线进行对比,吻合度均较好。结果表明:根据三折线模型拟合出的计算骨架曲线可以较好地反映该节点的受力特征;根据滞回规则得到的计算滞回曲线可以有效反映该节点的滞回性能。该恢复力模型可为该类装配式节点的抗震性能分析提供参考。

装配式节点质量信息虚体实化及模型构建

为解决装配式建筑节点质量信息分散,难以进行标准化管理的问题,提出虚体实化理念,将各阶段分散的节点质量信息实体化为BIM模型中的图元对象,并随时间属性关联节点质量过程信息,以实现不同阶段的协同管理。基于虚体实化和BIM技术,定义装配式节点质量信息模型(AJQIM),提出质量实体需求、质量实体监控与质量实体检查基本过程信息模型,并阐述其运作流程、核心功能算法与实现路径。基于Revit平台与MySQL数据库,通过C#二次开发,实现AJQIM的建立。研究结果表明,AJQIM对提高装配式节点质量控制的准确性和完整性具有较高的实用价值。

一种填料优化改性的建筑外墙密封胶性能研究

密封胶的质量与性能对装配式建筑外墙接缝处理具有直接影响,利用密封胶填补接缝,可以防止水分渗透,避免结构材料的破坏,从而延长建筑物的使用寿命。研究制备一种装配式建筑外墙接缝用改性密封胶,将其用于装配式建筑外墙接缝过程,为装配式建筑外墙提供加固支撑。通过进行装配式建筑伸缩缝的嵌缝处理,完成装配式建筑伸缩缝的养护后,对伸缩缝粘接性能、硬度性能、拉伸性能进行测试。实验发现,在碳酸钙填料的质量分数占比2.5%时,制备得到的改性密封胶具有最佳的力学性能和加固性能等,更适用于装配式建筑外墙接缝的实际应用。