Suggestions on Conducting Ecological Emergency Monitoring

The importance of ecological environment monitoring was discussed,and the problems in ecological emergency environment monitoring were analyzed.Based on this,some suggestions were put forward for ecological environment emergency monitoring,in order to provide effective reference for relevant staff.

Study on the Automatic Generation of Emergency Monitoring Scheme of Atmospheric Pollution Based on GIS

Based on emergency monitoring work flow analysis of atmospheric pollution incidents, key technical problems involved in the atmospheric pollution monitoring scheme based on GIS was studied, including the orientation of the accident site, the inquiry of the distribution of the emergency monitoring units and the groups of experts and the determination of the shortest path of emergency monitoring researchers and equipments arriving to the accident site as well as the integrated technology of Gaussian model with GIS which was mainly researched. The automatic prototype system of the emergency monitoring optimized scheme of the atmospheric pollution based on GIS was analyzed with the case of atmospheric pollution accident in Kunshan.

Panzhihua Airport Landslide (Oct. 3rd 2009) and an Emergency Monitoring and Warning System Based on the Internet of Things

Panzhihua city （26°O5＇-27°21＇N, 101°OS＇- 102°15＇E）, located in a mountainous area, is one of the large cities in Sichuan province, China. A landslide occurred in the filling body of the eastern part of the Panzhihua airport on October 3, 2009 （hereafter called the lo.3 landslide）. We conducted field survey on the landslide and adopted emergency monitoring and warning models based on the Internet of Things （loT） to estimate the losses from the disaster and to prevent a secondary disaster from occurring. The results showed that four major features of the airport site had contributed to the landslide, i.e, high altitude, huge amount of filling rocks, deep backfilling and great difficulty of backfilling. The deformation process of the landslide had six stages and the unstable geological structure of high fillings and an earthquake were the main causes of the landslide. We adopted relative displacement sensing technology and Global System for Mobile Communications （GSM） technology to achieve remote, real-time and unattended monitoring of ground cracks in the landslide. The monitoring system, including five extensometers with measuring ranges of 200, 450 and 7oo mm, was continuously working for 17 months and released 7 warning signals with an average warning time of about 26 hours. At 10 am on 6 December 2009, the system issued a warning and on-site workers were evacuated and equipment protected immediately. At 2：20 medium-scale collapse monitoring site, which proved the reliability pm on 7 December, a occurred at the No. 5 justified the alarm and and efficiency of the monitoring system.

Analysis of Monitoring,Early Warning and Emergency Response System for New Major Infectious Diseases in China and Overseas

In recent years,the impact of new major infectious diseases on people’s normal life is becoming more and more frequent,which has brought great impact on people’s life safety and social economy,especially the corona virus disease 2019,which has been sweeping the globe.Public health and disease prevention and control systems in different countries have different performances in response to the pandemic,but they all have exposed many shortcomings.Countries around the world urgently need to improve the monitoring,early warning and emergency response systems for new major infectious diseases.As the outpost and main part of medical rescue,the hospital urgently needs to establish a set of scientifically advanced emergency response mechanism that is suitable for the business process of the medical system and unified standards in order to improve the response efficiency and quality of emergency treatment.

Earthquake Emergency Response System of High-speed Railway by Least Square Method

This paper studies the Least Square Method to define high-speed railway(HSR) earthquake risk and solve the problem of its emergency response mechanism. Based on the construction of a monitoring system for HSR earthquake emergency response, the technical operational procedures for HSR seismic emergency response are proposed. The quantity, scale, and location of HSR earthquake emergency response mechanism are defined, and the corresponding emergency response system is built. In particular, the earthquake emergency response system can conduct real-time continuous dynamic monitoring of seismic activity along the railway. When earthquake occurs, the intensity of the ground motion is detected by the system. When the earthquake monitoring value reaches the earthquake alarm threshold, it will send an alarm signal to the dispatch center, and the emergency power supply will be forced to cut off. The earthquake emergency response system will continue to monitor the follow-up ground motion acceleration. The system provides the operation scheduling center with a basis for train operation control to resume operation after stopping. The monitoring result of the system reduces the disaster, and the secondary disaster is caused by the earthquake. This paper improves the HSR response mechanism in detecting earthquake disasters. The result improves the ability of HSR to deal with earthquake disasters, and reduces casualties and economic and property loss caused by earthquake disasters.

Evolutionary PSO-based emergency monitoring geospatial edge service chain in the emergency communication network

Emergency communication networks play a vital role in disaster monitoring,transmission,and application during disaster emergency response(DER),however,the performance and stability of edge nodes in the emergency communication networks are often weak due to limited communication and computation resources.This weakness directly affects the quality,of service(Qos)of the geospatial edge service(GES)chains involved in emergency monitoring.Existing research predominantly addresses service compositions in stable environments,neglecting the aggregation of efficient and robust GES chains in emergency communication networks.This study proposes an evolutionary_particie swarm optimization(EPSO)-based emergency monitoring GES chain in an_emergency communication network.it includes a GES chain model of emergency environment monitoring for tailing areas,as well as the designs of the particle chromosome encoding method,fitness evaluation model,and particle chromosome swarm update operators of the EPSO-based GES chain.Finally,the study conducts emergency environment monitoring experiments for tailing areas using the proposed method.Experiments results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances the efficiency,stability,and reliability of emergency monitoring GEs chains in the emergency communication network.This is crucial to providing fast and reliable services for DER during natural disasters.

Introduction to China’s Earthquake Emergency Response System

Following the M_(S)6.4 earthquake that occurred on May 21,2021 in Yangbi,Yunnan,China,the earthquake emergency response system(EERS)responded immediately.The real-time software delivered many seismic parameters that provided a preliminary assessment of the earthquake.The 24-hour on-duty staff and scientific researchers revised these parameters and produced more detailed reports to understand the cause of the earthquake and the potential damage,which provided valuable information for emergency rescue operations and earthquake situation assessment.Emergency personnel were dispatched immedia-tely to the earthquake site to observe the aftershocks,investigate the damage,and guide and assist in the relief efforts.This paper describes the EERS response to the Yangbi earthquake to demonstrate the characteristics of the system and discuss the potential for further improvement.

Water System Management in Emergency Situations

This article deals with the issue of water system management and emergency management of water supply systems based on experience with the operation of water systems in EU （European Union） Member States. The options available for prevention/elimination of the hazard of limited drinking water supply to the public are described. Current climate and, in some countries, also the existing social conditions pose barriers to a smooth water supply to the public. Various hazards endangering the quality and amounts of water produced emerge. Since the risk of water supply outages due to natural or anthropogenic factors cannot be completely eliminated （for instance, hacker attacks pose a new threat to the water companies＇ control systems）, in other words, emergency situations where smooth water supply is disturbed cannot be ruled out, efforts must be made to at least minimise adverse impacts of such events on the users. Organisational and technical conditions minimising such hazards must be set up. A water production and distribution organization and management system must be introduced, which will be able to prevent and address such hazards and emergency situations. How to tackle this complex task in the real water system management conditions and to assure some minimal amount of water at least for strategic consumers is discussed in this article. The results of a water system operation risk analysis are presented, feasible methods to minimize such risks are described, and options to prevent and address such risks are proposed. A water company organisation and management system taking into account the possibility of development of emergency situations is set forth. Focus is on the use of a telemetric system as a system means that facilitates the prevention and possible addressing of any emergencies occurring during the operation of a water supply system.

欧美新污染物监测进展及启示

新污染物监测是新污染物环境和健康风险评估及管控的重要基础。欧美发达国家环保部门在20世纪70年代就开展了新污染物监测工作,并且2000年后形成了相应的监测制度,而我国新污染物监测工作正处于业务化起步阶段。通过深入调研欧美国家水中新污染物监测为主的发展历程、监测清单、监测要求等内容,总结出3个特点:建立动态更新的新污染物清单监测机制;将规范的新污染物监测方法作为开展监测的重要前提;充分考虑监测可行性和经济成本。结合我国现阶段新污染物监管需求及监测现状,提出我国新污染物监测工作的3点建议:明晰国家、地方新污染物监测的职责分工,建立优先监测新污染物清单动态更新机制;加强新污染物监测能力建设,建立新污染物监测标准体系;循序渐进开展新污染物监测,注重监测的可行性和可持续性。

监测与仿真协同的实验室智能应急疏散系统研究

高校实验室是消防安全管理的重点,常规消防疏散指示牌方向固定,无法根据火情变化实时调整指引逃生路线,该文设计了一种基于监测与路径仿真协同的实验室智能消防应急疏散系统,基于YOLOv5s框架监测人流量,利用Pathfinder对疏散路径进行规划,以逃生时间最短为目标计算疏散路径,实现了火灾信息自动采集和疏散方向智能指引。在两种模拟火灾场景下疏散效率分别提高了19.95%和12.71%,有效降低了消防疏散风险。

BG-Trap法在伊蚊成蚊监测中的应用研究

目的采用BG-Trap法进行伊蚊监测,探讨该方法应用于登革热蚊媒常规监测和应急监测的可行性。方法在伊蚊监测场所用BG-Trap法分时段进行监测,用非参数统计分析的Chi-Square过程和t检验对监测结果进行统计和分析。结果应用BG-Trap法对伊蚊进行监测,15:00—17:00监测效果明显高于9:00—11:00(雌:χ^(2)=18963,df=1,P<0001;雄:χ^(2)=18667,df=1,P<0001;总体:χ^(2)=37500,df=1,P<0001);从12:00开始,按每小时一段统计诱蚊效果,以15:00—19:00时段对伊蚊引诱效果最好,平均捕蚊量为(618±21)只/h,平均小时诱蚊量与12:00—15:00有极显著的差异(雌:t=275,df=146,P<0001;雄:t=678,df=156,P<0001;总体:t=1016,df=304,P<0001)。结论可将BG-Trap法引入伊蚊的常规监测和应急监测。

基于Unity3D的矿井火灾监测与防治虚拟仿真试验系统

为更好地开展矿业安全类专业试验实践教学和培训,培养安全应急一流复合型拔尖人才,设计一种基于Unity3D的矿井火灾监测与防治虚拟仿真试验教学系统。首先,采用3ds Max建立仿真模型,构建矿井火灾监测防治试验系统总体框架;其次,开展外因火灾监测与远程自动控制救灾风门应急处置、内因火灾监测与温控胞衣阻化剂防灭火应急防控等人机交互试验实训;最后,建立综合评测的试验评价体系用于考核评估。结果表明:该试验系统具备虚拟现实沉浸性、交互性、构想性的技术特点,利于打造井下三维虚拟仿真场景,逼真展示矿井火灾演变过程;在试验与实训方面,可以突破传统模式在时间、空间、安全、资源等方面的限制,提供自主学习与多元评价方式。

美丽中国建设过程中重点关注的新污染物监测研究

随着美丽中国建设的推进,新污染物的监测和治理逐渐成为我国生态环境保护的重要工作之一.目前广受关注的新污染物包括持久性有机污染物、内分泌干扰物、抗生素和微塑料等.本文基于国内外新污染物研究的最新进展,对部分重点关注的新污染物的环境分布和监测分析前沿进行了简要综述,并初步讨论了美丽中国建设中新污染物监测技术的发展方向,以期为美丽中国建设提供助力.

2023年北京市某区洪涝灾害后农村自备井微生物污染应急监测分析

目的了解北京市某区23·7洪涝灾害后农村自备井微生物污染情况,落实“快”“准”针对性防制措施,确保饮用水卫生安全。方法洪涝灾害发生后立即对19个乡镇街道的226个村存在供水能力的247口农村自备井饮用水进行应急普查。经过恢复重建,随机抽样选取45口自备井抽查。本文采用描述性流行病学方法对与介水疾病密切相关的总大肠菌群和大肠埃希菌两种致病微生物指示指标的监测结果进行分析。结果应急监测结果显示,247口农村自备井总大肠菌群和大肠埃希菌两种致病微生物指示指标综合评价超标率达68.42%,超标率分别为67.21%和35.22%。重度、中度和轻度受灾地区自备井两种致病微生物指示指标超标率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.781,P=0.677)。根据定量分析,严重受灾地区末梢水总大肠菌群检出情况最严重,最大概率数(MPN)中位数(M)和四分位数(P_(25),P_(75))为62.85(1.00,200.50)/100 mL,大肠埃希菌MPN M(P_(25),P_(75))为1.00(0.00,5.85)/100 mL。不同受灾地区末梢水总大肠菌群(Kruskal-Wallis检验,H=7.892,P=0.019)和大肠埃希菌(Kruskal-Wallis检验,H=6.023,P=0.049)指标检测量差异有统计学意义。经两两比较,主要是重度和轻度地区末梢水(总大肠菌群调整后,P=0.015,大肠埃希菌调整后P=0.045)污染情况比较,差异有统计学意义。恢复重建后,抽样监测自备井超标3口(6.67%),均位于严重受灾地区;出厂水和末梢水均超标3件,为总大肠菌群超标,大肠埃希菌合格。恢复重建后较应急监测合格率明显上升,应急处置前后自备井(χ^(2)=59.968,P<0.001)、出厂水(χ^(2)=37.257,P<0.001)和末梢水(χ^(2)=40.008,P<0.001)两种致病微生物指示指标综合评价超标率差异均有统计学意义。结论“23·7”暴雨历时长、总量达、强度高,导致重度、中度、轻度三类不同受灾地区均出现不同程度普遍性的生物污染;其中重度受灾地区污染程度更重;落实各项干预措施后效果显著,水质合格率大幅度提升。应急监测有助于对其他地区灾后自备井饮用水管理工作提供参考。

基于边缘算法的无人机消防应急管理平台设计

阐述基于边缘算法的无人机智慧消防应急管理平台的设计与实施。通过结合边缘计算和无人机技术,构建一套高效、智能的消防应急管理系统,实现火灾现场的实时监控、快速响应和智能决策。

复杂信息环境下的情报快速反应机制研究

在科技飞速发展和大国博弈日益白热化的背景下,情报成为抢占国家发展先机的重要工具之一。在复杂信息环境的情报生产新环境和决策新要求下,本文以如何实现情报支撑国家战略决策为研究问题,通过文献调研与案例分析等方法,在总结梳理相关理论和实践经验的基础上,对情报快速反应机制的内涵、特征和决策支撑场景进行深入探究。本文创新性地提出一套适用于复杂信息环境下的“3+5+9情报快速反应机制”,以“早发现、早预判、早报告、早决策、早应对”为五大核心目标,以“联动协调、信息监测、信息资源、情报分析、应急处置、技术支撑、专家协作、组织保障、跟踪评估监督”为九大支撑子体系,适用于常态化监测、回应关切和突发应急三类重要决策支撑场景的情报工作机制,以期为未来相关实践提供较为扎实的理论基础。

无人机载CeBr3航空监测系统无限大面源探测能力研究

在核设施发生重大事故后,快速获取事故应急区内的辐射水平,对后续应急决策及救援、保护公众免受辐射危害具有至关重要的意义,核应急航空辐射监测是核应急早期快速获取辐射水平的重要技术手段和方法之一,因此核工业航测遥感中心自主研发了无人机载CeBr3航空监测系统。为准确评估该监测系统的探测能力,文章使用蒙特卡罗方法对该监测系统进行了建模,并通过60Co点源对模型的准确性进行了验证。在此基础上,采用全能谱分析、蒙特卡罗及实验相结合的方法获得监测系统对天然辐射单位能谱,并以核事故后地面受到一个新的137Cs放射性沉降场景为例,计算监测系统在不同测量条件下(天然辐射本底、晶体体积、测量高度)对无限大137Cs面源的探测效率及最小可探测活度浓度。通过模拟及计算监测系统对天然辐射本底及核应急人工放射性核素的单位能谱,准确评估了自研的无人机载CeBr3核应急航空监测系统的探测能力,为后续利用该监测系统开展核与辐射航空监测可提供重要理论依据及数据支撑。

航空辐射数据热力图与视频融合方法

随着核能技术的广泛应用,核安全与应急监测的重要性日益凸显,核应急航空监测成为国家核应急体系的重要组成部分。在核应急航空监测过程中,获取并分析航空辐射数据与视频数据对于快速监测辐射状况、圈定辐射污染区域具有重要意义。其中,航空监测视频数据可以全面直观地获取目标区域地面影像,并大范围展现目标区域地面场景实态,结合放射性异常时刻的视频帧可快速精确地分析异常的成因,具有高时效性的特点。尽管视频融合技术在城市安全、交通管控等领域得到广泛应用,但在核应急航空监测领域中,视频融合技术研究应用较少,存在航空辐射数据与视频之间关联性较差的问题。传统方法中,应急人员需要手动搜寻视频关键帧,分析地表地貌特征,效率较低。设计并实现将航空辐射数据以热力图的形式与视频进行融合的程序,总体上遵循“视频-图像-视频”变换过程。通过有效提取视频关键帧图像及关注数据信息,建立数值与色度映射关系,分析飞行方向,绘制热力图,并将热力图与视频帧融合显示,实现航空辐射数据热力图与视频的融合。这种融合方法的应用可以帮助技术人员更快速地识别和分析辐射热点及污染区域,为制定应急措施提供有力支持。因此,该研究对于提高航空辐射数据与视频数据的关联度,实现快速分析核事故影响具有重要意义。此外,所采用的方法也可应用到铀矿勘查、辐射环境航空调查等工作中。

基于医疗失效模式与效应分析优化急诊抢救室心电监护仪报警应答管理流程的研究

目的 探讨医疗失效模式与效应分析(health failure mode and effect analysis, HFMEA)在急诊抢救室心电监护仪报警应答管理流程中的应用效果。方法 将2023年7月-9月急诊抢救室收治的48例患者设为对照组,将2023年10月—12月急诊抢救室收治的48例患者设为观察组,对照组采用常规流程对心电监护仪报警进行应答管理,观察组采用基于HFMEA优化后的流程对心电监护仪报警进行应答管理。比较2组心电监护仪误报警率、报警应答有效率以及护士报警疲劳评分。结果 观察组心电监护仪误报警率低于对照组(χ2=156.225,P<0.001),报警应答有效率高于对照组(χ2=81.823,P<0.001),且实施HFMEA后急诊抢救室护士报警疲劳得分低于实施前(t=5.093,P<0.001)。结论 应用HFMEA对急诊抢救室监护仪报警应答管理流程进行优化,降低了心电监护仪误报警率,提高了报警应答有效率,减轻了护士的报警疲劳,从而有效防范因监护仪报警应答管理缺陷而导致的医疗风险。