The understanding of unsaturated flow in heterogeneous formations is a prerequisite to the understanding of pollutant transfer in the vadose zone and the proper management of infiltration basins settled over such hete...The understanding of unsaturated flow in heterogeneous formations is a prerequisite to the understanding of pollutant transfer in the vadose zone and the proper management of infiltration basins settled over such heterogeneous formations. This study addresses the effect of lithological heterogeneity of a glaciofluvial deposit on flow in the vadose zone underneath an infiltration basin settled in the Lyon suburbs. The basin had already been the subject of several previous studies, some of which demonstrated the impact of soil heterogeneity. But all of them were only based on the sedimentological study of a trench and no study addressed the potential spatial variability of results due to the spatial variability of soil heterogeneity. In this study, we model flow in the vadose zone for several case studies, including drainage, water infiltration during a rainfall event, and a complete meteorological chronic. These calculations were conducted for several sections, previously characterized in the basin using GPR and sedimentological study and compared with a blank (homogeneous section). The results clearly show that heterogeneity impacts unsaturated flow and that these impacts depend upon the section considered. Some geometrical architectural and textural parameters were proposed to explain the spatial variability and effect of the soil heterogeneity on unsaturated flow, thus establishing the first step towards modeling unsaturated flow in the basin at the meso-scale.展开更多
Due to its rapid movement, preferential flow (PF) in the vadose zone allows much faster contaminant transport, which may have a significant impact on ground-water quality. PF can occur in heterogeneous vadose zones an...Due to its rapid movement, preferential flow (PF) in the vadose zone allows much faster contaminant transport, which may have a significant impact on ground-water quality. PF can occur in heterogeneous vadose zones and it strongly depends on hydric and hydraulic conditions like entering flow rates at surface. This study deals with the modeling of the establishment of PF, and related solute transfer during the infiltration phase in a strongly heterogeneous glaciofluvial deposit. This deposit is made of four contrasting lithofacies (sand, gravel, bimodal gravel and matrix-free gravel) and lies underneath an urban infiltration basin (Lyon, France). Previous studies have been carried out on this site and linked the regionalization of soil pollution with the lithological heterogeneity. But none of them clearly demonstrated how heterogeneity could impact flow and solute transfer and may explain such a regionalization. In this study, we model flow and solute transfer at the trench scale for both uniform and heterogeneous profiles in order to characterize the effect of lithological heterogeneity. In addition, such a modeling was performed for two different entering flow rates to depict the influence of condition at surface on PF. A key result is that heterogeneity clearly impacts unsaturated flow and solute transfer. Numerical modeling permitted pointing out the existence of PF paths associated with the sedimentary heterogeneity of the glaciofluvial deposit. For lower surface fluxes, the sand lens and matrix-free gravel were the sources of capillary barrier effects, leading to a funneled flow and a groundwater recharge characterized by earlier and more dispersed wetting fronts. Such a flow pattern enhances solutes transfer and reduces solute retention by soil. Thus, the effect of heterogeneity on solute transfer is significant, especially for the most reactive solutes.展开更多
生活垃圾由于组成成分的多样性及分层填埋,其孔隙呈不均匀分布,并且水平向多于竖向。填埋体中的渗流存在明显的优先流效应,各向异性显著并受上覆压力等因素影响。基于Poiseuille方程,根据上覆压力作用下生活垃圾孔隙形状、孔隙尺寸分布...生活垃圾由于组成成分的多样性及分层填埋,其孔隙呈不均匀分布,并且水平向多于竖向。填埋体中的渗流存在明显的优先流效应,各向异性显著并受上覆压力等因素影响。基于Poiseuille方程,根据上覆压力作用下生活垃圾孔隙形状、孔隙尺寸分布及孔隙排列方向分布特征,提出了基于优先流及各向异性的饱和渗流模型。揭示了新鲜生活垃圾分布变化规律,0~200 k Pa,大孔隙逐渐消失,平均孔隙直径与可排水孔隙率呈指数下降,孔隙排列角度逐渐水平向倾斜。采用新建饱和渗流模型进行分析计算,确定采用可排水孔隙率可比总孔隙率更好地模拟垃圾孔隙渗流特性。渗流由大孔隙优先流主导,0~600 k Pa内计算获得新鲜垃圾水平向饱和渗透系数变化范围为10^(-2)~10^(-5)cm/s。给出了渗流各向异性值的计算公式,渗流各向异性值大体随上覆压力增加而增大,并与初始孔隙排列角度相关;0~600 k Pa内计算得新鲜垃圾渗流各向异性值变化范围为1~10。展开更多
文摘The understanding of unsaturated flow in heterogeneous formations is a prerequisite to the understanding of pollutant transfer in the vadose zone and the proper management of infiltration basins settled over such heterogeneous formations. This study addresses the effect of lithological heterogeneity of a glaciofluvial deposit on flow in the vadose zone underneath an infiltration basin settled in the Lyon suburbs. The basin had already been the subject of several previous studies, some of which demonstrated the impact of soil heterogeneity. But all of them were only based on the sedimentological study of a trench and no study addressed the potential spatial variability of results due to the spatial variability of soil heterogeneity. In this study, we model flow in the vadose zone for several case studies, including drainage, water infiltration during a rainfall event, and a complete meteorological chronic. These calculations were conducted for several sections, previously characterized in the basin using GPR and sedimentological study and compared with a blank (homogeneous section). The results clearly show that heterogeneity impacts unsaturated flow and that these impacts depend upon the section considered. Some geometrical architectural and textural parameters were proposed to explain the spatial variability and effect of the soil heterogeneity on unsaturated flow, thus establishing the first step towards modeling unsaturated flow in the basin at the meso-scale.
文摘Due to its rapid movement, preferential flow (PF) in the vadose zone allows much faster contaminant transport, which may have a significant impact on ground-water quality. PF can occur in heterogeneous vadose zones and it strongly depends on hydric and hydraulic conditions like entering flow rates at surface. This study deals with the modeling of the establishment of PF, and related solute transfer during the infiltration phase in a strongly heterogeneous glaciofluvial deposit. This deposit is made of four contrasting lithofacies (sand, gravel, bimodal gravel and matrix-free gravel) and lies underneath an urban infiltration basin (Lyon, France). Previous studies have been carried out on this site and linked the regionalization of soil pollution with the lithological heterogeneity. But none of them clearly demonstrated how heterogeneity could impact flow and solute transfer and may explain such a regionalization. In this study, we model flow and solute transfer at the trench scale for both uniform and heterogeneous profiles in order to characterize the effect of lithological heterogeneity. In addition, such a modeling was performed for two different entering flow rates to depict the influence of condition at surface on PF. A key result is that heterogeneity clearly impacts unsaturated flow and solute transfer. Numerical modeling permitted pointing out the existence of PF paths associated with the sedimentary heterogeneity of the glaciofluvial deposit. For lower surface fluxes, the sand lens and matrix-free gravel were the sources of capillary barrier effects, leading to a funneled flow and a groundwater recharge characterized by earlier and more dispersed wetting fronts. Such a flow pattern enhances solutes transfer and reduces solute retention by soil. Thus, the effect of heterogeneity on solute transfer is significant, especially for the most reactive solutes.
文摘生活垃圾由于组成成分的多样性及分层填埋,其孔隙呈不均匀分布,并且水平向多于竖向。填埋体中的渗流存在明显的优先流效应,各向异性显著并受上覆压力等因素影响。基于Poiseuille方程,根据上覆压力作用下生活垃圾孔隙形状、孔隙尺寸分布及孔隙排列方向分布特征,提出了基于优先流及各向异性的饱和渗流模型。揭示了新鲜生活垃圾分布变化规律,0~200 k Pa,大孔隙逐渐消失,平均孔隙直径与可排水孔隙率呈指数下降,孔隙排列角度逐渐水平向倾斜。采用新建饱和渗流模型进行分析计算,确定采用可排水孔隙率可比总孔隙率更好地模拟垃圾孔隙渗流特性。渗流由大孔隙优先流主导,0~600 k Pa内计算获得新鲜垃圾水平向饱和渗透系数变化范围为10^(-2)~10^(-5)cm/s。给出了渗流各向异性值的计算公式,渗流各向异性值大体随上覆压力增加而增大,并与初始孔隙排列角度相关;0~600 k Pa内计算得新鲜垃圾渗流各向异性值变化范围为1~10。
