Model of Preformed Hole-Pairs in c-Axis Transport in Cuprate Superconductors

Model of hole-pairs in electrical transport along ab plane in cuprate superconductors has already been proposed. It has been found to be in the shape of 3dx2–y2 orbital of an electron in an atom. This time, model of hole-pairs in transport along c-axis in cuprate superconductors is proposed. In ab-plane, hole-pairs are formed along CuO2 plane;one hole-pair covering 9 - 10 two dimensional CuO2 unit cells in 3dx2–y2 configuration. In the investigation of c-axis hole-pairs, cuprate superconductors have been sub-divided into three categories depending on the number of CuO2 planes/formula unit. There is a little different treatment for finding out the order parameter in each category. Coherence lengths along ab-planes are of the order of a few tens of Angstroms, whereas along c-axis, they are less than even their a-, b-lattice constants. In cuprates with 2 or 3 CuO2 planes, the order parameter is of 3dz2–x2 type in zx-plane with lobes along both the axes much constrained. For cuprates with a single CuO2 layer, the order parameter is of 3dx2–y2 type, but its dimensions are less than a-, b-lattice constants.

Model of Preformed Hole-Pairs in Cuprate Superconductors

A model of preformed hole-pairs in cuprate superconductors has been proposed based on some experimental results i.e., 1) electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of quenched superconductors which show very frequently the fragment (CuO)4 broken off from the CuO2 layer in the structure, 2) 41 meV peak observed in neutron diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of superconductors, 3) Heisenberg exchange interaction leading to ferromagnetism observed in CuO which is an essential ingredient of all superconductors and some generally accepted conclusions i.e., a) that the order parameter in superconductors has dx2–y2 symmetr and b) coherence length is of the order of 15 - 20 Angstrom. Heisenberg exchange interaction between two (CuO4) plaquettes each containing a lattice hole binds the two holes which are the charge carriers in the cuprate superconductors. It is not very clear whether the hole-pair is in the triplet or singlet state, but the triplet state is supported by the experimental observation of ferromagnetism in the parent material CuO. The proposed hole-pair singlet is different from Zhang-Rice singlet.

Insight into the preformed albumin corona on in vitro and in vivo performances of albumin-selective nanoparticles

Preformed albumin corona of albumin-nonselective nanoparticles(NPs)is widely exploited to inhibit the unavoidable protein adsorption upon intravenous administration.However,very few studies have concerned the preformed albumin corona of albumin-selective NPs.Herein,we report a novel type of albumin-selective NPs by decorating 6-maleimidocaproyl polyethylene glycol stearate(SA)onto PLGA NPs(SP NPs)surface,taking albuminnonselective PLGA NPs as control.PLGA NPs and SP NPs were prepared by emulsion-solvent evaporation method and the resultant NPs were in spherical shape with an average diameter around 180 nm.The corresponding albumin-coating PLGA NPs(PLGA@BSA NPs)and albumin-coating SP NPs(SP@BSA NPs)were formulated by incubating SP NPs or PLGA NPs with bovine serum albumin solution,respectively.The impact of albumin corona on particle characteristics,stability,photothermal effect,cytotoxicity,cell uptake,spheroid penetration and pharmacokinetics was investigated.In line with previous findings of preformed albumin coating,PLGA@BSA NPs exhibited higher stability,cytotoxicity,cell internalization and spheroid penetration performances in vitro,and longer blood circulation time in vivo than those of albumin-nonselective PLGA NPs,but albumin-selective SP NPs is capable of achieving a comparable in vitro and in vivo performances with both SP@BSA NPs and PLGA@BSA NPs.Our results demonstrate that SA decorated albumin-selective NPs pave a versatile avenue for optimizing nanoparticulate delivery without preformed albumin corona.

Spinel Castables for Steel Ladle Lining:In-Situ Versus Preformed

The paper discusses the difference in the formulation concepts of alumina - spinel （spinel containing ） and alumina - magnesia （ spin, el forming） castables and the influence on their physical properties. The individual property profile is discussed with respect to the requirements of refactory lining materials for the different zones of a steel ladle.

Effect of initiation manners on the scattering characteristics of semi-preformed fragment warhead

The lethality of a semi-preformed fragment warhead is closely related to the expand velocity and spatial distribution of the fragments from ruptured metal casing. The topic of how to improve the utilization of charge of have been drawing great attention from researchers and designer in this filed. In present paper,in order to investigate the influence of charge initiation manners on the scattering characteristics of semi-preformed fragment warhead, the numerical simulations and experimental test are conducted.Firstly, the influence of grid density on numerical results is investigated, and a proper numerical model with relatively high accuracy and effectiveness is determined. Then. numerical simulations of three kinds of different initiation position of a semi-preformed fragment warhead are carried out. An experimental test of the explosion of a semi-preformed fragment warhead is carried out. By comparing and analyzing the numerical results and experimental data, it is found that the initiation manners have great influence on scattering characteristics of semi-preformed fragment warhead. The researcher work of this paper would provide an effective alternative method to optimize the design of warhead.

Reactivity of Human Preformed Natural Antibodies with Various Porcine Pancreatic Cells

The reactivity of human preformed natural antibodies (PNAbs) with various porcine pancreatic cells and its isotypes was investigated. Eighteen serum samples from patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 20 serum samples from healthy human subjects were collected. The frozen sections of the pig pancreas were incubated with these sera, and subsequently incubated with FITC conjugated goat antihuman IgG and IgM monoclonal antibodies. The reactivity of human PNAbs with various porcine pancreatic cells was determined by indirect immunofluorescence staining technique. The results showed that 55.6 % of IDDM patients and 55.0 % of healthy human individuals contained PNAbs against porcine endocrine cells. However, the percentage of strongly reacting sera in the patient group was significantly increased as compared with that in the control group. All used sera from IDDM patients and 95 % of sera from healthy controls could react to one or more of the various pancreatic cell types, including: endocrine cells, exocrine cells, vascular endothelial cells, ductal epithelial cells and macrophages. The isotypes of PNAbs contained both IgG and IgM. In view of strongly positive reactivity of PNAbs with various porcine pancreatic cells, pretransplantly cross matching test and graft pretreatment may be necessary for survival of islet transplants.

Degradable preformed particle gel as temporary plugging agent for low-temperature unconventional petroleum reservoirs:Effect of molecular weight of the cross-linking agent

The development of unconventional petroleum resources has gradually become an important succession for increasing oil production.However,the related engineers and researchers are paying more and more attention to the application of temporary plugging agents(TPAs)for their efficient development.TPAs can expand the stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)and facilitate the flow of oil and gas to the bottom of the well.Particle-gels used as temporary plugging agents have the characteristics of the simple injection process,good deformation,high plugging strength,and complete self-degradation performance,which have been widely applied in recent years.In this paper,five samples of DPPG polymerized by different molecular weights of cross-linking agents were prepared.In addition,infrared spectroscopy analysis,differential calorimetry scanning(DSC)analysis,static particle gel swelling and degradation performance evaluation experiments,and dynamic temporary plugging performance experiments in cores were conducted at 34°C.Results show that as the molecular weight of the cross-linking agent(at 0.01 g)in the DPPG molecule decreased from 1,000 to 200 Da,the fewer cross-linking sites of DPPG,the looser the microscopic three-dimensional mesh structure formed.The swelling ratio increased from 7 to 33 times.However,the complete degradation time increased from 40 to 210 min.Moreover,the DSC results confirmed that the higher the molecular weight of the cross-linking agent,the worse is chemical stability and the more prone it to self-degradation.DPPG samples had good temporary plugging performance in reservoir cores.DPPGs prepared by the cross-linking agent with smaller molecular weight has a stronger swelling ratio,higher gel strength,and greater plugging strength in the core permeabilities.Moreover,the degraded DPPG is less damaging to the cores.However,their slower degradation rates take a slightly longer times to reach complete degradation.The results of this paper can provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for the development of particle gel-type temporary plugging agents(TPA)with controllable degradation time in low-temperature reservoirs.It can help to expand the application range of existing DPPG reservoir conditions.

An Overview of 3D Thin Shell Textile Preforms

The automobiles, aircraft, and lightweight industries continuously demand thin near-net-shape preforms just out-of-machine as close to the final shape. This study addresses the possibilities of 3D thin shell textile preform as the solution of lightweight reinforcement in various applications. Investigation into the development of 3D thin shells has led to different manufacturing processes. However, 3D thin shell preforms are mostly made by weaving and knitting, but nonwoven, winding, and/or layup techniques have been reported for over a decade. Owing to the complex thin shell manufacturing processes, they are not similar to the conventional methods. The different 3D thin shell preforms can extend the opportunities for new applications in various technical fields. This study presents existing research gaps and a few potential issues to be solved regarding 3D thin shell preforms in the near future.

An Overview of 3D Thin Shell Textile Preforms

The automobiles, aircraft, and lightweight industries continuously demand thin near-net-shape preforms just out-of-machine as close to the final shape. This study addresses the possibilities of 3D thin shell textile preform as the solution of lightweight reinforcement in various applications. Investigation into the development of 3D thin shells has led to different manufacturing processes. However, 3D thin shell preforms are mostly made by weaving and knitting, but nonwoven, winding, and/or layup techniques have been reported for over a decade. Owing to the complex thin shell manufacturing processes, they are not similar to the conventional methods. The different 3D thin shell preforms can extend the opportunities for new applications in various technical fields. This study presents existing research gaps and a few potential issues to be solved regarding 3D thin shell preforms in the near future.

从知识导向到素养立意:生成论视域下的作业评价变革

受预成论哲学的影响,我国中小学作业评价长期陷于知识导向的评价困局,学生发展的全面性、过程性和生活性难以得到充分彰显。区别于传统的预成论哲学,生成论哲学以主张生成性、强调主体间性和注重现实生活性为显著特征,可为突破当下知识导向的作业评价困局提供有益的变革思路和可鉴的变革行动。在生成论视域下,素养立意是当下作业评价变革的主要方向。为了促进学生核心素养的培育与发展,中小学的作业评价需要调整作业评价目的,确立以素养立意的作业评价理念;革新作业评价过程,强调协同共生的多元主体共同参与;改革作业评价方式,注重分层分类的现实情境评价。

用于三维机织物预成形变形预测的各向异性超弹性本构模型

随着三维机织物逐渐广泛应用在航空发动机叶片、机匣等复杂曲面结构的制造方面,预测三维碳纤维机织物在曲面结构制造的预成形过程中的复杂变形行为对提升纤维结构的成形质量具有重要意义。基于连续介质力学理论,本文提出一种各向异性超弹性本构模型描述三维机织物在成形过程中由于大变形所引起的各向异性力学变形行为。通过三维机织物的变形试验,建立了应变能密度函数,获取了三维机织物材料参数,并通过偏轴拉伸、半球冲压预成形有限元仿真与试验对比,验证了本文提出的超弹性本构模型的有效性。超弹性本构模型的提出可对三维机织物成形的有限元仿真模型与成形工艺优化设计起指导作用。

乳切牙树脂预成冠的数字化设计方法及初步应用

目的:本研究旨在探索乳切牙树脂预成冠的数字化设计和制作方法,并初步评价其临床适合性。方法:应用牙颌模型扫描仪获取儿童乳牙牙列教学模型4颗上颌乳切牙临床牙冠的三维数据,应用逆向工程软件Geomagic Wrap 2021,参考王慧芸教授对中国儿童乳牙外形的测量和统计数据,对上述上颌乳切牙三维扫描数据进行尺寸比例和三维形态的调整,以切端0.8 mm厚度和唇腭面0.3 mm厚度的牙冠设计参数,构建乳切牙预成冠标准尺寸数字模型。参考儿童口腔科临床常用的上颌乳切牙透明树脂冠各型号间的尺寸比例关系,设计出4个牙位(51、52、61、62)3个型号的乳切牙预成冠数字模型,通过五轴数控切削技术制作出临时冠桥树脂材质的乳切牙预成冠,进行临床病例试戴评价。结果:完成了上颌乳切牙(4个牙位)树脂预成冠的数字化设计和制作方法,并初步进行了临床病例应用,儿科高年资专家对本研究乳切牙树脂预成冠的应用评价显示,其在外观、颜色和强度等方面均可满足口腔儿科临床的应用需求。结论:本研究采用数字化方法设计和制作的乳切牙树脂预成冠,针对儿科临床乳切牙大范围龋损修复的病例,相比传统乳切牙透明树脂冠充填修复技术具有更好的牙冠解剖外形恢复和更佳的美观修复效果,并且该技术可以实现更便捷的临床操作流程,有较好的儿科临床应用前景。

碳纤维三维编织预制体渗透特性实验研究

针对航空发动机风扇机匣用碳纤维三维编织复合材料,开展了预制体材料渗透特性的实验研究。实验模具为厚度可调的长方体中空结构。通过分析液体在厚度和孔隙率不同的4种三维编织预制体内的渗透过程,结果表明,所有预制体在面内的渗透主向与编织的轴/横向平行,且轴向渗透率约为横向渗透率值的3.2倍。液体在A预制体内的渗透性最好,其轴向、横向和厚度方向的渗透率值分别为1.136×10^(-10)、4.259×10^(-11)和5.900×10^(-12)m^(2),厚度方向上的渗透率远小于面内渗透率,差距在1~2个数量级。液体在预制体内3个方向上的渗透是相互影响的过程,预制体厚度方向上的渗透特性影响了面内的渗透特性。

预制孔式无铆连接尺寸关系对铆接质量的影响研究

为了研究预制孔无铆连接的工艺参数对铆接质量的影响,设计了预制孔无铆连接模型,以板厚、冲头半径、预制孔半径、倒角尺寸等为变量,分析得到了无铆连接中一种变量组合对应的该种组合下预制孔尺寸的最佳取值。建立了预制孔无铆连接的有限元模型,通过DEFORM-2D软件模拟预制孔无铆连接过程,控制铆接成形后的铆接头底厚值为0.2 mm,在预制孔半径范围计算公式所确定的范围内选取预制孔最佳尺寸参数,研究了预制孔倒角尺寸对铆接头成形质量的影响。结果表明,预制孔的半径、倒角尺寸等直接影响铆接头质量,上、下板材厚度均为2 mm,预制孔半径选用4.01 mm,倒角尺寸为1.2×45°时,铆接质量最好;铆接速度影响铆接头的颈厚值,铆接速度越大,颈厚值越小。

氟橡胶O形密封圈预成型优化因素分析

本文对FX-17氟橡胶O形密封圈成型过程中坯料软化、坯料薄通、坯料圈成型等预成型工艺控制与优化进行了分析。试验表明,在氟橡胶一段硫化和二段硫化参数一定的情况下,通过对O形密封圈预成型工艺参数优化,预成型前后橡胶O形密封圈内径、线径、拉伸强度等成型质量和性能波动均降低,预成型工艺优化后可以减少氟橡胶O形密封圈尺寸和拉伸强度波动,能够提升氟橡胶O形密封圈加工成型质量和性能。

基于星点设计和响应面法的支架焊合件成形工艺优化

通过对焊合件的材料、结构及工艺进行分析,确定关键影响工序。对原冲压工艺方案进行多工序仿真模拟,并分析仿真结果,找寻产生开裂缺陷的原因。通过增加焊合件预成形设计和改变坯料的形状来改善工序间的载荷传递,建立以焊合件的最大减薄率和最大回弹量为优化目标,以冲压速度、摩擦因数、压边力和模具间隙为设计变量的响应面模型,结合二阶响应面法与DesignExpert,采用星点设计试验方法对支架焊合件的工艺参数进行优化,确定最佳参数组合为:冲压速度1263mm·s^(-1)、摩擦因数0.15、压边力598k N、模具间隙4.55mm。试产结果表明:通过预成形方案与优化工艺参数可以解决支架焊合件开裂及回弹问题。

基于改进人工势场法的机织机器人避障路径规划

针对机织机器人自动化作业时的避障问题,提出基于改进人工势场法的三维避障路径规划算法。利用改进人工势场法中斥力势场函数,引入修正系数,在机织机器人陷入局部极小值点时增加虚拟障碍物,破坏其在虚拟力下的平衡状态,解决了人工势场法无法到达目标位置和局部极小值点的问题。通过体素化网格方法和快速凸包算法处理障碍物点云数据,重建实际障碍物模型,提高了碰撞检测效率。仿真结果表明,以点云数据重建障碍物模型并采用改进人工势场算法规划出的避障路径使机织机器人成功到达目标位置,末端位置精度平均提高37%,并避免陷入局部极小值点。

干纤维自动铺放液体成型复合材料技术的研究进展

干纤维自动铺放液体成型复合材料技术是将自动铺放技术和液态成型技术结合,可同时实现先进复合材料的高韧化、自动化和低成本化,是复合材料扩大应用的重点发展方向之一。首先介绍了干纤维自动铺放液体成型复合材料技术的起源,然后分析了国外成熟的干纤维自动铺放材料的组成、性能和制备方法,归纳总结了国外干纤维自动铺放液体成型复合材料构件验证和应用情况,最后简单介绍了国内干纤维自动铺放液体成型复合材料技术现状,以期推动国内干纤维自动铺放液体成型技术的发展和应用。

热固性碳纤维预浸料单/双隔膜预成型对比及数值模拟

热隔膜成型工艺是一种快速成型预成型体的方法。为了对比单/双隔膜预成型工艺预成型体质量的差异,利用热隔膜成型装置成型具有双曲特征的C形预成型体,通过观察试验件褶皱产生的大小和位置评估成型温度、铺层顺序、铺层数、预成型体尺寸和成型工艺对预浸料成型质量的影响,同时建立了热隔膜成型仿真模型,并对仿真结果与试验结果进行对比。研究表明:铺层顺序对褶皱的产生有很大的影响,减少[45°/0°]铺层组合可以有效地减少褶皱产生,0°铺层在受压时容易诱导褶皱产生;预成型体越厚越容易产生成型缺陷;对于C形预成型体,采用双隔膜成型比单隔膜成型具有更好的成型质量,尤其对缘条位置褶皱的产生具有显著的抑制作用;基于ABAQUS建立的热隔膜成型仿真模型能较为准确地预测褶皱。

钢丝绳芯输送带接头强度与预成型芯胶技术研究

钢丝绳芯输送带是带式输送机的牵引和运载构件,接头破坏是引起钢丝绳芯输送带故障的主要原因。为了提高输送带的接头强度和接头硫化效率,基于现有接头硫化工艺,提出了一种预成型芯胶敷设技术,以ST1600型钢丝绳芯输送带接头为研究对象,对该技术的应用进行了理论分析和试验研究。首先,建立输送带接头力学模型并进行受力分析,通过ANSYS Workbench软件研究钢丝绳水平、垂直间距不均匀性对接头强度的影响,然后,提出预成型芯胶敷设方法,通过芯胶流固耦合分析对比了填充式芯胶与三角形、梯形和半圆形芯胶凹槽对限制钢丝绳偏移的作用效果。最后,通过接头预成型芯胶硫化试验研究了该技术对输送带胶体粘合强度、接头硫化效率以及接头强度的影响。研究表明:输送带接头处钢丝绳的受力与其纵向位移有关,由于传统接头硫化作业中无法实现钢丝绳的均匀分布从而引起钢丝绳受力不均,影响接头强度,而钢丝绳水平间距相较垂直间距的变化对钢丝绳等效应力的影响尤为显著,更易引起接头钢丝绳的破坏。预成型芯胶敷设技术能够有效减少钢丝绳的偏移量,其中半圆形芯胶凹槽效果最优,水平方向减少70%,垂直方向减少86.9%。在相同硫化条件下,与填充式芯胶相比,三角形、梯形和半圆形芯胶凹槽硫化后的粘合强度分别提升了1.91%、−3.51%、2.48%,半圆形芯胶与钢丝绳结合度最好;采用半圆形芯胶凹槽的预成型芯胶技术敷设钢丝绳可减少70%作业时间,硫化后的输送带接头强度提高5.74%。研究结果可为钢丝绳芯接头硫化工艺的改进提供理论和实践指导。