BACKGROUND Umbilical cord milking(UCM)is an alternative placental transfusion method for delayed umbilical cord clamping in routine obstetric practice,allowing prompt resuscitation of an infant.Thus,UCM has been adopt...BACKGROUND Umbilical cord milking(UCM)is an alternative placental transfusion method for delayed umbilical cord clamping in routine obstetric practice,allowing prompt resuscitation of an infant.Thus,UCM has been adopted at some tertiary neonatal centers for preterm infants to enhance placental-to-fetal transfusion.It is not suggested for babies less than 28 wk of gestational age because it is associated with severe brain hemorrhage.For late preterm or term infants who do not require resuscitation,cord management is recommended to increase iron levels and prevent the development of iron deficiency anemia,which is associated with impaired motor development,behavioral problems,and cognitive delays.Concerns remain about whether UCM increases the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage.However,there are very few reports of late preterm infants presenting with neonatal hemorrhage stroke(NHS)and severe coagulopathy after receiving UCM.Here,we report a case of a late preterm infant born at 34 wk of gestation.She abruptly deteriorated,exhibiting signs and symptoms of NHS and severe coagulopathy after receiving UCM on the first day of life.CASE SUMMARY A female preterm infant born at 34 wk of gestation received UCM after birth.She was small for her gestational age and described as vigorous with Apgar scores of 9 and 10 at one minute and five minutes of life,respectively.After hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit,she showed hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis.The baby was administered glucose and sodium bicarbonate infusions.Intramuscular vitamin K1 was also used to prevent vitamin K deficiency.The baby developed umbilical cord bleeding and gastric bleeding on day 1 of life;a physical examination showed bilateral conjunctival hemorrhage,and a blood test showed thrombocytopenia,prolonged prothrombin time,prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time,low fibrinogen,raised D-dimer levels and anemia.A subsequent cranial ultrasound and computed tomography scan showed a left parenchymal brain hemorrhage with extension into the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces.The patient was diagnosed with NHS in addition to disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC).Fresh frozen plasma(FFP)and prothrombin complex concentrate were given for coagulopathy.Red blood cell and platelet transfusions were provided for thrombocytopenia and anemia.A bolus of midazolam,intravenous calcium and phenobarbital sodium were administered to control seizures.The baby’s clinical condition improved on day 5 of life,and the baby was hospitalized for 46 d and recovered well without seizure recurrence.Our case report suggests that preterm infants who receive UCM should undergo careful clinical assessment for intracranial hemorrhage,NHS and severe coagulopathy that may develop under certain circumstances.Supportive management,such as intensive care,FFP and blood transfusion,is recommended when the development of massive NHS and associated DIC is suspected.CONCLUSION Our case report suggests that for late preterm infants who are small for gestational age and who receive UCM for alternative placental transfusion,neonatal health care professionals should be cautious in assessing the development of NHS and severe coagulopathy.Neonatal health care professionals should also be more cautious in assessing the complications of late preterm infants after they receive UCM.展开更多
目的分析早产小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age infant,SGA)发生的危险因素,为加强围生期教育及进行临床干预提供依据。方法选取2017年1月至2022年1月河北大学附属医院新生儿科收治的1483例早产儿为研究对象,根据出生体质量和胎龄...目的分析早产小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age infant,SGA)发生的危险因素,为加强围生期教育及进行临床干预提供依据。方法选取2017年1月至2022年1月河北大学附属医院新生儿科收治的1483例早产儿为研究对象,根据出生体质量和胎龄的关系将研究对象分为2组,即早产SGA组和早产适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age infant,AGA)组,分析每组患儿的围生期高危因素,并运用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析早产SGA发生的危险因素。结果早产SGA组母亲孕期合并妊娠期高血压、羊水过少、胎盘异常、妊娠期贫血、双胎/多胎妊娠、高龄产妇、接受辅助生殖技术比例高于早产AGA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,母亲患有妊娠期高血压、胎盘异常、妊娠期贫血是早产SGA发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论母亲患有妊娠期高血压、胎盘异常、妊娠期贫血与早产SGA的发生关系密切,在临床工作中应针对性开展围生期教育并及时干预,降低SGA的发生率。展开更多
基金Supported by Zhejiang Province Medical Science and Technology Foundation of China,No.2021PY057.
文摘BACKGROUND Umbilical cord milking(UCM)is an alternative placental transfusion method for delayed umbilical cord clamping in routine obstetric practice,allowing prompt resuscitation of an infant.Thus,UCM has been adopted at some tertiary neonatal centers for preterm infants to enhance placental-to-fetal transfusion.It is not suggested for babies less than 28 wk of gestational age because it is associated with severe brain hemorrhage.For late preterm or term infants who do not require resuscitation,cord management is recommended to increase iron levels and prevent the development of iron deficiency anemia,which is associated with impaired motor development,behavioral problems,and cognitive delays.Concerns remain about whether UCM increases the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage.However,there are very few reports of late preterm infants presenting with neonatal hemorrhage stroke(NHS)and severe coagulopathy after receiving UCM.Here,we report a case of a late preterm infant born at 34 wk of gestation.She abruptly deteriorated,exhibiting signs and symptoms of NHS and severe coagulopathy after receiving UCM on the first day of life.CASE SUMMARY A female preterm infant born at 34 wk of gestation received UCM after birth.She was small for her gestational age and described as vigorous with Apgar scores of 9 and 10 at one minute and five minutes of life,respectively.After hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit,she showed hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis.The baby was administered glucose and sodium bicarbonate infusions.Intramuscular vitamin K1 was also used to prevent vitamin K deficiency.The baby developed umbilical cord bleeding and gastric bleeding on day 1 of life;a physical examination showed bilateral conjunctival hemorrhage,and a blood test showed thrombocytopenia,prolonged prothrombin time,prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time,low fibrinogen,raised D-dimer levels and anemia.A subsequent cranial ultrasound and computed tomography scan showed a left parenchymal brain hemorrhage with extension into the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces.The patient was diagnosed with NHS in addition to disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC).Fresh frozen plasma(FFP)and prothrombin complex concentrate were given for coagulopathy.Red blood cell and platelet transfusions were provided for thrombocytopenia and anemia.A bolus of midazolam,intravenous calcium and phenobarbital sodium were administered to control seizures.The baby’s clinical condition improved on day 5 of life,and the baby was hospitalized for 46 d and recovered well without seizure recurrence.Our case report suggests that preterm infants who receive UCM should undergo careful clinical assessment for intracranial hemorrhage,NHS and severe coagulopathy that may develop under certain circumstances.Supportive management,such as intensive care,FFP and blood transfusion,is recommended when the development of massive NHS and associated DIC is suspected.CONCLUSION Our case report suggests that for late preterm infants who are small for gestational age and who receive UCM for alternative placental transfusion,neonatal health care professionals should be cautious in assessing the development of NHS and severe coagulopathy.Neonatal health care professionals should also be more cautious in assessing the complications of late preterm infants after they receive UCM.
文摘目的分析早产小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age infant,SGA)发生的危险因素,为加强围生期教育及进行临床干预提供依据。方法选取2017年1月至2022年1月河北大学附属医院新生儿科收治的1483例早产儿为研究对象,根据出生体质量和胎龄的关系将研究对象分为2组,即早产SGA组和早产适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age infant,AGA)组,分析每组患儿的围生期高危因素,并运用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析早产SGA发生的危险因素。结果早产SGA组母亲孕期合并妊娠期高血压、羊水过少、胎盘异常、妊娠期贫血、双胎/多胎妊娠、高龄产妇、接受辅助生殖技术比例高于早产AGA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,母亲患有妊娠期高血压、胎盘异常、妊娠期贫血是早产SGA发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论母亲患有妊娠期高血压、胎盘异常、妊娠期贫血与早产SGA的发生关系密切,在临床工作中应针对性开展围生期教育并及时干预,降低SGA的发生率。
