Effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention for the improvement of nutritional status and nutrition knowledge of children in poverty-stricken areas in Shaanxi Province, China

Objectives:Compare the differences between the intervention and control groups in changes of primary outcomes(body mass index[BMI]and waist-to-height ratio[WHtR])and secondary outcomes(nutrition knowledge of children and parents),from baseline to the 6-and 12-month follow-ups;examine the associations of changes in nutrition knowledge of children and their parents with children’s changes in BMI and WHtR.Data sources:Data collected from four schools in two poverty-stricken counties in northern Shaanxi Province in 2020‒2021.Methods:A multifaced intervention program targeted children(promoting healthy diet and nutrition education)and their parents(promoting nutrition knowledge)was conducted in the interventional group.Four schools,with two in each group,were randomly allocated to the intervention or control group,with 814 eligible children aged 7.1 to 12.8 years.The control group conducted myopia promotion.Differences in changes of BMI and WHtR between groups were compared with t-test.Mixed-effects model was used to examine the associations between changes in nutrition knowledge of children and parents with changes in children’s BMI and WHtR.Results:At the 6-month follow-up,the difference in changes in BMI between the intervention and control groups was 0.4 kg/m 2(P<0.001).At the 12-month follow-up,the difference in changes in BMI and WHtR between intervention and control groups was 0.1 kg/m^(2)(P<0.001)and 0.01 kg/m^(2)(P<0.001).In the intervention group,the nutrition knowledge awareness rate of children increased from 16.9%(69/409)at baseline to 21.3%(87/409)at 6-month,and 22.7%(93/409)at 12-month.The awareness rate of nutrition knowledge of parents also fluctuated,from 5.6%(23/409)to 6.6%(27/409)and 5.4%(22/409).However,the difference in changes in nutrition knowledge between intervention and control groups was non-significant.The 6-month follow-up changes in children’s nutrition knowledge scores were negatively associated with changes in BMI in girls(β=−0.26,95%confidence interval[CI]:−0.38 to−0.14,P<0.001),while positively associated with changes in WHtR in boys(β=0.003,95%CI:−0.0002 to 0.005,P=0.035).The 12-month follow-up changes in children’s nutrition knowledge scores were positively associated with changes in children’s WHtR(β=0.003,95%CI:0.0004 to 0.01,P=0.018).Conclusions:The intervention strategies did not reduce the BMI and WHtR of children,and the nutrition knowledge of children and parents increased after the intervention in intervention group.Changes in nutrition knowledge of children and their parents are associated with changes in children’s BMI or WHtR.Interventions with a new focus on obesity are needed to help improve children’s nutritional status in poverty-stricken areas in Shaanxi Province of China.

Research progress regarding the nutritional status and assessment methods of cerebral palsy patients

Cerebral palsy is a group of clinical disorders characterized by persistent central motor deficits and postural abnormalities due to non-progressive damage to the fetal or infant brain.Malnutrition is one of the most common clinical comorbidities in children with cerebral palsy and is the result of a combination of internal factors,such as the child’s structural and functional abnormalities,and external factors,such as the child’s feeding habits and family/social factors.The nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy is closely related to their development,quality of life,social participation,and life expectancy;thus,an objective and accurate understanding of the nutritional status of these children through rehabilitation assessment is essential for their growth and development.The current nutritional assessments include routine measurements of human nutritional parameters,scale-based assessments,and instrumental assessments.It is important to detect malnutrition in children with cerebral palsy at an early stage,reduce the prevalence of malnutrition,and improve the quality of survival.Therefore,this review aimed to analyze and summarize the nutritional status and assessment methods of children with cerebral palsy,to assess the nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy from multiple perspectives,indicators and directions,and to provide reference for the early detection of co-morbid malnutrition in children with cerebral palsy.

Dairy Consumption and Associations with Nutritional Status of Chinese Children and Adolescents

Objective This study aimed to describe frequency and quantity of total dairy consumption of Chinese children and adolescents and explore the associations between dairy consumption and nutrition status, including stunting, wasting, overweight, and obesity. Methods Participants included 28,250 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old. A food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) including 100 kinds of food was used to collect information about frequency and quantity of dairy consumption. Determination of stunting was with a height cutoff value for age and gender, and determination for wasting, overweight, and obesity was with BMI for age and gender. Results Of the total sample, 36.1% of children aged 6-17 reported consuming dairy food more than once per day(≥ 1/day). The average total dairy intake of all the participants was 126.7 g/day. For boys, dairy consumption had an inverse correlation with stunting and wasting after controlling for confounders. For girls, dairy consumption was negatively associated with stunting and obesity after controlling for confounders as above. Conclusion Dairy consumption in Chinese children and adolescents was relatively lower than that in developed countries, and was negatively associated with stunting and wasting for boys and with stunting and obesity for girls.

Evaluation of Dietary Diversity, Nutrient Adequacy and Nutritional Status of Pre-school Children in Three Local Government Areas of Ibadan, Nigeria

Malnutrition remains a public health challenge in Nigeria, partly due to poor diversity of diets. Pre-school children are among the vulnerable groups who are mostly affected in communities, as their nutritional status is largely influenced by the quality of diets they consume. Most studies aimed at malnutrition among under-five children have been focused on meeting protein-energy needs without much consideration for micronutrients needs. Dietary diversity has been advocated as a means of meeting nutritional requirements of children. This study was designed to assess the dietary diversity in relation to nutrient adequacy and nutritional status of pre-school children in Ibadan. The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 552 pre-schoolers aged 3-5 years in Egbeda, Ona-Ara and Ido Three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Ibadan metropolis. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics of mother and child. Nutritional status was determined using anthropometric indices. Food frequency questionnaire of 9 food groups was used to obtain dietary diversity scores (DDS) classified as low (< 4 food groups), average (4 to 6 food groups), and high (≥ 7 food groups);and 24-hour dietary recall was used to obtain nutrient adequacy of diet. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and level of significance set at p < 0.05. Malnutrition among pre-schoolers was more prevalent among males (22.0%) than females (18.4%). Stunting was the most prevalent form of malnutrition (26.8%). The DDS of pre-schoolers was low (3.2 ± 1.9). The most consumed food group was cereals, roots and tubers (83.9%) while fruit was least consumed (6.5%). Nutrient adequacy ratio for carbohydrate was highest (1.2 ± 0.2) and least in fibre (0.2 ± 0.2), while mean adequacy ratio for food consumed was (0.72 ± 0.13). There was weak relationship between DDS and nutritional status—wasting (r =-0.067), stunting (r =-0.002) and underweight (r =-0.056). Low dietary diversity and malnutrition existed among pre-school children in the three LGAs. Nutrition education and enlightenment programmes are required by the parents/guardians of pre-school children on importance of dietary diversity in these areas.

Impact of multivitamin and mineral supplements on mortality and nutritional status of hospitalized severely malnourished HIV/AIDS infected children

Micronutrient deficiencies, in HIV/AIDS infected children, are common and associated with disease progression and increased mortality. There is no evidence to support specific recommendation for in-patient treatment of severely malnourished HIV/AID infected children. We analyzed the impact of daily oral multivitamin and mineral supplementation on nutritional status and on mortality rate, of severely malnourished HIV/AIDS infected infants, hospitalized in a feeding therapeutic center. Children were randomized at admission in one of the two treatment groups: WHO standard group or additional dose group. The trial has been approved by the national health research ethics committee. Case fatality rate was high in each group. There was no difference in mortality rate between WHO standard group (mortality rate = 16.9%) and “additional dose” group (mortality rate = 17.6%). Kaplan Meir survival curves did not differ between the two groups, (p Log Rank = 0.87). During the inpatient follow-up, the median weight gain (g/kg/d) was low in groups and did not differ between WHO standard group (8.88g/kg/d Min = 4.70, Max = 17.23) and “additional dose” group (10.50g/kg/d, Min = 3.29 Max = 17.81) (Wilcoxon test p-value = 0.10). From admission to discharge, anthropometric Z-scores means evolution did not differ between the two groups: WHZ (p = 0.74), WAZ (p = 0.79) and MUAC (p = 0.73). In this randomized trial among severely malnourished HIV/AIDS infected children, we found no evidence that the provision of daily additional micro-nutrient dose during inpatient treatment, compared to WHO standard, improves nutritional status or reduces case fatality rate. Rigorous malnutrition inpatient treatments, including effective HIV/AIDS management, improve nutritional status of severely mal-nourished HIV infected children.

Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma heamatobium Infection and Nutritional Status of Children in the Hydro-Agricultural Complex Zone of Sourou,Burkina Faso

In developing countries, efforts to face food insecurity were revealed by construction of dams and hydro-agricultural managements. This study aimed to establish sanitary consequences in a hydro- agricultural zone. Methods: Data from 1847 children were analysed. Kato-Katz and concentration in MIF were used for intestinal parasites;research of microscopic haematury was used for urinary schistosomiasis. Nutritional status was estimated by WHZ and HAZ indexes. Association between malnutrition and independents variables was measured in univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Among children, 80.1% were infested by at least one parasite, 30.8% by S. mansoni and 49.6% by S. haematobium. Prevalence of emaciation and prevalence of stunting were respectively, 32.6% and 25.5%. In the multivariate analysis: Age: (1 - 3 y age group, OR = 2.92, 4 - 6 y age group OR = 1.85, p p = 0.008), were associated with emaciation. Age: (4 - 6 y age group, OR = 1.78, 7 - 11 y age group OR = 2.55, p p = 0.005), were associated with emaciation. Conclusion: Development of bilharziasis (urinary and intestinal) with increased morbidity and malnutrition, attenuate benefits expected from hydro-agricultural managements. It is important to invest in the control of water-related diseases, which are amplified by hydro-agricultural managements.

Nutritional Status and Dietary Habits of School Children in Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt

Objectives: Childhood malnutrition is a major concern in developing countries. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the nutritional status and dietary habits of school children. Methods: This is a community based cross-sectional survey designed to evaluate nutritional status of students aged (5 - 19 years) in Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt, during September-December 2013. A two-stage sampling technique was done;22 government schools were selected in the first stage. In the second stage, 1100 students were selected from the target population of the study. Weight, height, and age data were used to calculate z-scores of the three different nutritional indicators. Dietary habits were studied using a food frequency questionnaire. Results: Underweight (WAZ +2SD). Boys were more underweight (3%) than girls (2.2%). Conversely, girls tend to be more stunted (65.3%) compared to boys (59.9%) in the age group 10 - 14 years. Identified risk factors associated with malnutrition for those aged more than 10 years were: mother education (P-value = 0.03), father education (P-value = 0.04) and family size (P-value = 0.014). Conclusion and Recommendations: Child’s nutritional status is strongly associated with the literacy of both parents and family size. The prevalence of malnutrition can be reduced by implementation of school intervention programs for the socioeconomic development.

Upper arm composition and nutritional status of school children and adolescents in Abeokuta,Southwest Nigeria

Background:Upper arm composition is a reflection of body protein and calorie reserves.However,there is a paucity of data on upper arm composition of children from African countries,including Nigeria.This study aimed to determine the composition of upper arm and nutritional status of school children in Abeokuta,Nigeria and to compare with international reference standards.The sensitivity and specifi city of upper arm muscle area by height(UAMAH)as a nutritional assessment tool was also determined.Methods:Five hundred and seventy children aged 5 to 19 years were selected from seven schools using multistage random sampling.Weight,height,mid-upper arm circumference(MUAC)and triceps skin fold thickness(TSF)were measured.Body mass index,upper arm muscle area(UAMA),upper arm fat area(UAFA),fat percentage and UAMAH were derived.Results:The TSF,UAFA and fat percentage were significantly higher in females than males at each age group.MUAC and UAMA were significantly higher in female children aged 10-14 years,whereas UAMA was significantly higher in male children aged 15-19 years.UAMA and UAFA of the children were lower than those of Americans but similar to those of Zimbabweans,and higher than those of Indians.The sensitivity and specifi city of UAMAH for detecting wasting were 80.8%and 63.9%,respectively,whereas the corresponding values for stunting were 32.2%and 58.2%,respectively.Conclusions:The school children studied have a combination of poor calorie and protein reserve.UAMAH may be a valuable tool for complete evaluation of the nutritional status of school children.

Nutritional Status and Virological Outcomes of Children HIV Positive Attending Anti-Retroviral Clinic at University College Hospital, Ibadan

Malnutrition has been reported as a major factor contributing to the poor outcome of effective ART in HIV infection. This study aimed to describe the relationship between the nutritional status and virological outcome of the children attending the antiretroviral clinic at University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, Nigeria. Among the 159 (55.3% males and 44.7% females) children studied, almost half (42.8%) were orphans and the majority 56.6% were aged 120 - 180 months old. More than half (74.2%) had achieved viral suppression and significant associations were observed between viral load and stunting as well as between CD4 count and the age of the children (P < 0.05). The prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight was 27.7%, 9.4%, and 13.6% respectively. These indices reinforce the need for nutrition education and the provision of food supplements to improve the nutritional status of children infected with HIV.

Nutrition Status of Children Under-Five Years in Cassava Consuming Communities in Nambale, Busia of Western Kenya

A study was carried out to assess the nutritional status of under-five child population within cassava consuming community in Nambale of western Kenya. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio economic data, 24-hour food re-call and anthropometric measurements. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Descriptive statistics were used while Pearson’s Chi Square and correlation coefficient (R) were used to test for statistical associations. A total of 320 households with 232 children participated. The findings showed nutrition status of children to be poor (50% changes in stunting could not be attributed to age of child or education level of the head of household. Farm ownership was a strong positive determinant of nutrition status, Pearson’s R = 0.233. This study has established that cassava cushions hunger and there is need to improve nutrient content.

A Comparative Study on Feeding Practice and Nutrition Status among 6-23 Months Age Children

To investigate the Infant and Young Child Feeding Practice and Nutrition status among 6-23 months age group children in nutrition intervention （national nutrition program） and non-intervention areas. Nutrition intervention has been proposed to reduce the risk of malnutrition. It was a comparative cross-sectional study. A total of 360 households, of which 180 were from the nutrition intervention area each with at least a child aged between 6-23 months were randomly selected. Statistical package for Social Scientists （SPSS/PC^＋） was used for data entry and analysis. Nutritional status that is weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height were computed using anthro software. T-test, chi-square and Pearson＇s correlation （p 〈 0.05） were administered to compare the two groups. There was a significant difference between the intervention and non intervention groups in relation to the incidence of initiation of breast feeding, prelacteal and exclusive breast feeding and complementary feeding （p 〈 0.05）. The prevalence of wasting （p = 0.004）, stunting （p = 0.015） and underweight （p = 0.003） was observed to be greater for non NNP area compared with the group of NNP area and association was found between those areas. In the study showed that the Infant and Young Child Feeding Practice and Nutritional status are better in nutrition intervention area.

The relationship of family separation and nutrition status among under-five children: a cross-sectional study in Panti Public Health Center, Jember Regency of East Java, Indonesia

Background:Nowdays,both of parents are working to fulfill their family needs and family financial.However,this condition effected separation of family that have a negative impact for children.Children can lose of a primary caregiver who can endanger the welfare of children.Purpose:To analyzed the relationship between family separation and nutritional status of under-five children aged in Panti District of Jember Regency.Methods:A cross-sectional design was conducted among 53 families using total sampling.A family background questionnaire was used to measure sociodemographics and separation of family.Among 53 families were 78.2%of separation with father,while 38.6%of children with a good nutrition status.Kruskal Wallis and One-Way Anova was performed to answer the objective of this study.Results:The result showed that,there were no correlation between length of separation with nutritional status(F=0.377;P-value=0,688).Meanwhile,distance of separation wascorrelated with nutritional status(c2=8.310;P-value=0,016).Conclusion:Parents need to improve relationships,communication and the distribution of proper autonomy in family.It can make the nutritional status and health level of the child becomes better.

农村地区3~6岁儿童营养水平的提升策略探究——以四川省绵阳市为例

3~6岁是儿童生长发育的关键期,农村地区3~6岁儿童相较城市儿童在生长迟缓率、消瘦率、低体重率、贫血患病率及饮食生活习惯等方面均存在一定差异。为助力乡村振兴,进一步缩小城乡差距,提高该群体营养水平,需对其实施科学的营养干预,以绵阳农村地区3~6岁儿童为例,针对其存在的营养问题,提出系列干预策略。

瘦素检测在学龄前儿童营养状况和骨密度评价中的价值

目的探讨瘦素检测在学龄前儿童营养状况和骨密度评价中的价值。方法选取2020年2月—2021年2月南阳市第二人民医院进行健康体检的学龄前儿童140名。测量儿童身高、体重,计算体重指数(BMI),检测血清三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、白蛋白(Alb)、血红蛋白(Hb)和血浆瘦素水平,测量骨密度。根据BMI将140名儿童分为偏瘦组(29名)、正常组(61名)和超重组(50名)。根据骨密度将所有儿童分为正常骨密度组(95名)和低骨密度组(45名)。采用Pearson相关分析评估各项指标之间的相关性。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价瘦素区分学龄前儿童营养状况和骨密度的效能。结果与偏瘦组比较,正常组、超重组瘦素水平均显著升高(P<0.05),且超重组高于正常组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,瘦素与BMI、TG、TC、LDL-C、Hb和Alb均呈正相关(r值分别为0.672、0.486、0.603、0.422、0.244、0.388,P<0.01),与HDL-C呈负相关(r=-0.260,P=0.002)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,瘦素区分偏瘦与正常儿童、正常与超重儿童的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.842、0.865。与正常骨密度组比较,低骨密度组TG、TC、LDL-C、Alb、Hb和瘦素水平均显著降低(P<0.05),HDL-C水平显著升高(P<0.05)。瘦素与骨超声传播速度(SOS)值呈正相关(r=0.217,P=0.010)。瘦素区分儿童正常骨密度和低骨密度的AUC为0.634。结论学龄前儿童瘦素水平与营养状况和骨密度均有一定关系。瘦素水平检测可用于儿童营养状况和骨密度的评估。

儿童保健科门诊专科健康教育对学龄前儿童营养状况及肥胖发生率的影响研究

分析儿保门诊专科健康教育对学龄前儿童营养状况及肥胖发生率的影响。选取2021年1月—2021年12月期间扬州大学医学院附属盐城妇幼保健院儿童保健科门诊接收的209例行正常体检儿童为研究对象,随机将其分为观察组(n=105)和对照组(n=104)。观察组采取专科健康教育,对照组采用常规口头性指导,对两组儿童实施为期1年的随访,对比分析两组儿童的营养状况及肥胖发生率。结果显示,1年后,观察组儿童的钙含量为(1.73±0.28)mmol/L、锌含量为(92.23±6.58)mmol/L、铁含量为(8.21±0.75)mmol/L,对照组的钙含量为(1.45±0.23)mmol/L、锌含量为(81.26±5.94)mmol/L、铁含量为(7.69±0.76)mmol/L,观察组营养状况优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组儿童肥胖发生率为0.95%,对照组儿童肥胖发生率为7.69%,观察组肥胖发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究发现,儿保门诊专科健康教育有利于改善学龄前儿童营养状况,并降低肥胖发生率。

National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children 0–17 Years of Age in China

The main purpose of the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China(CNHSC)was to collect basic data on the nutrition,development,and health status for children in different regions across China using evidence-based,reliable,and cost-effective approaches.Children and their parents or guardians from seven regions(south,southwest,north,northwest,eastern,central,and northeast China)in China were recruited.A multi-stage stratified randomized sampling method was used.Two provinces were randomly sampled from each of the seven regions,from which one urban district and one rural country were also randomly sampled,resulting in a total of 28 survey counties/districts.Dietary surveys,health examinations,laboratory testing,and questionnaires were used to collect dietary intake,nutritional status,child development,and health status information.Nutrition,health,and lifestyle assessment of children and their parents was determined using the Knowledge Attitude Practice(KAP)survey.Greater than 100,000 children(38,000 children<6 years of age and 66,000 children6-17 years of age)completed the survey.The survey provided comprehensive data on child nutrition and health status for future studies and will serve as the basis for an integrated nutrition and health improvement strategies proposal for children in China.

Prevalence of Contagious Diseases of School Going Children in Bangladesh

Children are becoming increasingly vulnerable to contagious disease around the world. It also leads to chronic health problems. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of contagious diseases in children of 5 - 12 years from five government primary schools (class II to V) in Tangail City, Bangladesh using multistage sampling method. Data were collected using a carry home questionnaire and diseases screening examination was done in the school. Prevalence of common contagious diseases was calculated. A total of 84 students were screened to have contagious diseases by clinical examination, giving a prevalence rate of 8.76% from 958 participated school children. The prevalence of contagious disease among the affected children in the study was found 30.95% for scabies, while 20.24% for influenza and 7.14%, 9.52%, 15.48%, 5.95%, & 10.71% for typhoid, chicken pox, measles, pneumonia, and whooping cough, respectively. Anthropometric measurements were recorded which indicated that 48.8% of children were well-nourished and 21.4%, 17.9%, & 11.9% of children were underweight, stunted, and wasted, respectively. However, these data are extremely important to define the problem and to design proper intervention strategies.

Latina mothers feeding their children: A focus group pilot study

The purpose of this study was to better understand current knowledge of health and nutrition, barriers to improving eating habits, and preferences for school-based interventions among low-income Latina mothers. Qualitative research methods and analysis were employed. Eighteen mothers of preschool-aged children participated in a focus group interview. Findings indicate that mothers have an understanding of healthy eating, but identified issues with connecting food with weight and in understanding definitions of “obese”. Further, respondents identified barriers to incorporating healthier foods and cooking methods into daily life, due to family food preferences, cultural practices, and schedules. Mother’s concerns about the future weight and the health of their children appeared to motivate interest in improving feeding behaviors. Desired interventions of mothers highlight the importance of culturally relative solutions to behavior change towards healthy eating.

The Effect of the Family’s Socioeconomic Factors on Nutrition of Elementary School Children

Introduction: Anthropometric indices are used for assessing the nutrition status of people and societies. The indices determine the growth of the child’s nutrition status, his socioeconomic status and his quality of life. This research aims to study the anthropometric indices of elementary school children in the Iranian city of Piranshahr using the Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference in the first six months of 2011. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 1803 students aged between 7 and 11 in Piranshahr were studied. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used. The research setting was an elementary school in Piranshahr. Demographic data were collected through interviews and record in questionnaires. A Secca stadiometer was used to measure the height of each student standing without shoes (accuracy of 0.1 centimeter). The weight was measured using a spring scale with an accuracy of 0.1 kilogram with the least possible clothes on. The weight was divided by the square of height (square meter) to calculate BMI. To determine overweight and obesity, BMI percentiles of Center for Disease Control (CDC) were used. In order to use appropriate tests, the normality and equality of variances were measured by Leven and K-S tests, respectively. Results: The study found that 231 children (12.8%) were at risk of overweight and 96 children (5.3%) were overweight. Conclusion: There was a meaningful difference between boys and girls in terms of nutrition status of BMI, father’s higher education level, shortness, abdominal obesity and family history of obesity, and father’s jobs

“贫困地区儿童营养改善试点项目”对广西贫困地区5岁以下儿童生长发育的促进作用

目的探讨“贫困地区儿童营养改善试点项目”对广西贫困地区5岁以下儿童生长发育的促进作用。方法以广西2018年新增的45个项目县(市、区)及57个非项目县(市、区)作为研究对象,统计2018—2021年项目实施情况。根据《广西7岁以下儿童保健和健康情况年报表》收集2017—2021年两个区域5岁以下儿童的生长发育指标数据,分析上述指标的变化及差异。结果2017—2021年,项目县(市、区)与非项目县(市、区)的5岁以下儿童低体重率、生长迟缓率、消瘦率、贫血率、中重度贫血率总体均呈下降趋势(均P<0.05)。项目县(市、区)上述指标的年均增长率分别为-7.3%、-13.1%、-3.4%、-22.5%、-24.0%,分别是非项目县(市、区)的1.2、1.2、1.5、1.1、0.94倍。2021年,项目县(市、区)5岁以下儿童低体重率、消瘦率、贫血率均低于非项目县(市、区)(均P<0.05)。结论“贫困地区儿童营养改善试点项目”对广西贫困地区5岁以下儿童的生长发育有明显的改善作用。