The influence of resistance exercise training prescription variables on skeletal muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults:An umbrella review

Purpose:The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of resistance training(RT)and individual RT prescription variables on muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults.Methods:Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,we systematically searched and screened eligible systematic reviews reporting the effects of differing RT prescription variables on muscle mass(or its proxies),strength,and/or physical function in healthy adults aged>18 years.Results:We identified 44 systematic reviews that met our inclusion criteria.The methodological quality of these reviews was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews;standardized effectiveness statements were generated.We found that RT was consistently a potent stimulus for increasing skeletal muscle mass(4/4 reviews provide some or sufficient evidence),strength(4/6 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and physical function(1/1 review provided some evidence).RT load(6/8 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),weekly frequency(2/4 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),volume(3/7 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and exercise order(1/1 review provided some evidence)impacted RT-induced increases in muscular strength.We discovered that 2/3 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence that RT volume and contraction velocity influenced skeletal muscle mass,while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of RT load impacting skeletal muscle mass.There was insufficient evidence to conclude that time of day,periodization,inter-set rest,set configuration,set end point,contraction velocity/time under tension,or exercise order(only pertaining to hypertrophy)influenced skeletal muscle adaptations.A paucity of data limited insights into the impact of RT prescription variables on physical function.Conclusion:Overall,RT increased muscle mass,strength,and physical function compared to no exercise.RT intensity(load)and weekly frequency impacted RT-induced increases in muscular strength but not muscle hypertrophy.RT volume(number of sets)influenced muscular strength and hypertrophy.

Who could and should give exercise prescription:Physicians,exercise and health scientists,fitness trainers,or ChatGPT?

Benefits of exercise for personal health,as well as preventing and treating chronic diseases,have been well documented during the past several decades.1 Exercise prescription is a specialized field that involves assessing an individual’s health status,fitness level,and specific goals to create a tailored exercise program based often on the FITT-VP principle.

Medcheck:A novel software for automated de-formulation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)prescriptions by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Prescriptions are the main clinical application of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs).Common forms include Chinese patent medicines,Kampo formulas,and hospital decoctions.A new pre-scription called“famous classical formulas”is recently developed and expected to boom in the market.Identifying constituent me-dicinal plants in prescriptions is critical for new drug development and quality control[1],which could avoid safety issues from adulteration or substandard ingredients,as seen in the notorious Longdan Xiegan Pill event.

ChatGPT and exercise prescription:Human vs.machine or human plus machine?

The power of artificial intelligence(AI)to create stories,music,art,and other creative projects has been demonstrated and criticized over recent decades in media,mainly because of the idea that AI will replace human jobs.Most recently,in November 2022,reactions to Chat Generative Pre-training Transformer(ChatGPT)release for public use reverberated in news and social media headlines,while its users exceeded100 million in just a few weeks.ChatGPT is a natural language processing program created by AI non-profit OpenAI Inc.

Effects of Tongluo Jiedu prescription on immune function and oxidative stress in patients with oral cancer

BACKGROUND Oral cancer,which is caused by mucous membrane variation,represents a prevalent malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial region,posing a significant threat to patients’lives and safety.While surgical intervention stands as a cornerstone treatment for oral cancer patients,it carries the risk of incomplete treatment or high rates of postoperative recurrence.Hence,a multifaceted approach incorporating diverse treatment modalities is essential to enhance patient prognosis.AIM To analyze the application effect of Tongluo Jiedu prescription as adjuvant therapy and its influence on patient prognosis in patients with oral cancer.METHODS Eighty oral cancer patients in our hospital were selected and divided into the observation group and control group by a random number table.The control group was treated with continuous arterial infusion chemotherapy of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil.The observation group was additionally given Tongluo Jiadu prescription.The inflammatory stress level,peripheral blood T-cell subsets,and immune function of the two groups were subsequently observed.SPSS 21.0 was used for data analysis.RESULTS The observation group demonstrated lower levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein,and a higher level of tumor necrosis factor in comparison to the control group.After treatment,the immune function in the observation group was significantly better than in the control group.CONCLUSION Tongluo Jiedu prescription can improve the immune function and oxidative stress level of patients with oral cancer and accelerate the recovery process.

Investigation on the mechanism of Qiangxinhuoli prescription in the treatment of chronic heart failure based on p38-MAPK signaling pathway

Background:The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of action underlying the therapeutic effects of the national patent Chinese medicine compound“Qiangxinhuoli prescription(QXHLF)”on chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods:In vitro,the H_(9)C_(2) cell model was induced by ANGII,and cell proliferation and related protein expression were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and Western blot.In vivo,A rat model of CHF was prepared by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery.The effects of QXHLF on cardiac function in CHF rats were evaluated by cardiac index,hemodynamic changes,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,hematoxylin-eosin staining,immunohistochemistry,Western blot and RT-PCR.The expression of pro-apoptotic factors and anti-apoptotic factors,as well as TGFβ1,p-p38,TAK 1 mRNA,and protein,were detected.Results:In vitro,QXHLF has a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of H_(9)C_(2) cells.QXHLF can reduce the expression levels of TAK 1,TGFβ1,p-p38,Caspase3 and BAX proteins in H_(9)C_(2) cells,and increase the expression level of BCL_(2) protein.In vivo,QXHLF has the potential to increase left ventricular systolic pressure,m aximum rate of change in left ventricular pressure while decreasing left ventricular end diastolic pressure,and inhibiting the serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide.Moreover,QXHLF exhibits significant improvements in the pathological alterations of myocardial cells and fibers in CHF rats,leading to enhanced myocardial tissue morphology and notable advantages in combating myocardial fibrosis.QXHLF can reduce the levels of BAX and Caspase3 and up-regulate the expression of BCL_(2),thereby inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis.Furthermore,QXHLF demonstrates inhibitory effects on the mRNA and protein expression levels of TGFβ_(1),TAK_(1),and p-p38 in the heart tissue of the CHF rat model.Conclusion:These findings indicate that QXHLF has a therapeutic effect on CHF by inhibiting the p38-MAPK signaling pathway,reducing myocardial fibrosis,preventing apoptosis,inhibiting cell proliferation,and restoring myocardial injury.

Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors prescriptions in Chinese hospitalized chronic kidney disease patients

BACKGROUND Many guidelines have recommended renin-angiotensin system inhibitors(RASI)as the first-line treatment for patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).We studied RASI prescription trends from 2010 to 2019,and analyzed the characteristics associated with RASI prescription in Chinese hospitalized CKD patients.AIM To study the prescription of renin angiotensin system inhibitors in hospitalized patients with CKD in China.METHODS It was retrospectively,cross-sectional reviewed RASI prescriptions in hospitalized CKD patients in China from 2010 to 2019.RASI prescribing trends were analyzed from 2010 to 2019,and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify characteristics associated with RASI prescription.RESULTS A total of 35090 CKD patients were included,with 10043(28.6%)RASI prescriptions.Among these patients,18919(53.9%)met the criteria for RASI treatments based on the 2012 kidney disease:Improving global outcomes guidelines.Of these,7246(38.3%)patients received RASI prescriptions.RASI prescriptions showed an initial rapid increase from 2011 to 2012,reached its peak around 2015 and 2016,and then exhibited a subsequent slight decreasing trend.Both bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that several characteristics,including the male gender,age less than 60-year-old,nephrology department admission,lower CKD stage,history of hypertension or diabetes,proteinuria,glomerulonephritis as the CKD etiology,and non-acute kidney injury were associated with RASI prescriptions.CONCLUSION The frequency of RASI prescriptions showed an initial increase but a slight decreasing trend in more recent years.CKD patients with certain characteristics such as elderly age,advanced disease stage,surgery department admission,or acute kidney injury were less likely to receive RASI prescriptions.In the application of RASI in hospitalized CKD patients is insufficient.The actual clinical practice needs to be improved.The development of related research is helpful to guide the correct choice of clinical treatment strategy.

Determination of Salvianolic Acid B in Yiqi Huayu Prescription by HPLC

[Objectives]To determine the content of salvianolic acid B in Yiqi Huayu Prescription by HPLC.[Methods]The chromatographic column was ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C 18(4.6 nm×250 nm,5μm);the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid(21:79),the detection wavelength was 286 nm,the column temperature was 30℃,and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.A method for determination of salvianolic acid B in Yiqi Huayu Prescription was established.[Results]The linear relationship of salvianolic acid B was good in the range of 0.0214-0.4064 mg/mL.The regression equation was Y=5995.98984 X-0.07332,r=0.9999.The average recovery rate was 98.88%(RSD=1.6%).[Conclusions]The method is reliable,accurate and specific,and can be used for the determination of salvianolic acid B in Yiqi Huayu Prescription.

Integrated data mining and network pharmacology to discover a novel traditional Chinese medicine prescription against diabetic retinopathy and reveal its mechanism

Background:Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is currently the leading cause of blindness in elderly individuals with diabetes.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)prescriptions have shown remarkable effectiveness for treating DR.This study aimed to screen a novel TCM prescription against DR from patents and elucidate its medication rule and molecular mechanism using data mining,network pharmacology,molecular docking and molecular dynamics(MD)simulation.Method:TCM prescriptions for treating DR was collected from patents and a novel TCM prescription was identified using data mining.Subsequently,the mechanism of the novel TCM prescription against DR was explored by constructing a network of core TCMs-core active ingredients-core targets-core pathways.Finally,molecular docking and MD simulation were employed to validate the findings from network pharmacology.Result:The TCMs of the collected prescriptions primarily possessed bitter and cold properties with heat-clearing and supplementing effects,attributed to the liver,lung and kidney channels.Notably,a novel TCM prescription for treating DR was identified,composed of Lycii Fructus,Chrysanthemi Flos,Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix.Twenty core active ingredients and ten core targets of the novel TCM prescription for treating DR were screened.Moreover,the novel TCM prescription played a crucial role for treating DR by inhibiting inflammatory response,oxidative stress,retinal pigment epithelium cell apoptosis and retinal neovascularization through various pathways,such as the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and the MAPK signaling pathway.Finally,molecular docking and MD simulation demonstrated that almost all core active ingredients exhibited satisfactory binding energies to core targets.Conclusions:This study identified a novel TCM prescription and unveiled its multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics for treating DR.These findings provide a scientific basis and novel insights into the development of drugs for DR prevention and treatment.

Clinical observation of endometrial prescription combined with TAM on FET of thin endometrial patients with kidney deficiency and blood stasis

Objective:To explore the best endometrial preparation scheme of freeze-thawed embryo transfer(FET)for patients with thin endometrium with kidney deficiency and blood stasis by comparing the clinical outcomes of three endometrial preparation schemes of estradiol valerate tablets Hormone Replacement(HRT),Tamoxifen(TAM)and Endometrial Prescription combined with TAM(EP-TAM group).Method:Retrospective analysis of 318 patients with thin endometrium with kidney deficiency and blood stasis who underwent FET in Changle People's Hospital of Shandong Province,Shandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital,and Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from September 2018 to March 2023,including 101 patients in HRT group(estradiol valerate tablets);108 patients in TAM group;109 patients in EP-TAM group.The cycle cancellation rate,intimal thickness,clinical pregnancy rate,embryo implantation rate,early abortion rate and ectopic pregnancy rate were compared among the three groups.Result:Cycle cancellation rates of TAM group and EP-TAM group were significantly lower than HRT group(8.3%,9.2%vs 17.8%,P<0.05).The intimal thickness of TAM group[(8.11±0.36)mm]and EP-TAM group[(8.21±0.40)mm]was significantly thicker than HRT group[(7.11±0.43)mm](P<0.05).The clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate of TAM group and EP-TAM group were higher than HRT group,the early abortion rate and ectopic pregnancy rate were lower than HRT group,and EP-TAM group was more significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Patients with thin endometrium underwent FET can try Endometrium Prescription combined with TAM(EP-TAM)to prepare the endometrium.

Analysis of the Mechanism of Intervention of Fangxiangxiaozhi Prescription on Dyslipidemia Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

Objective: To explore the mechanism of intervention of Fangxiangxiaozhi prescription on dyslipidemia by using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: The traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Pubchem, Uniprot, and other databases were adopted to screen the active ingredients and the corresponding targets of Fangxiangxiaozhi prescription. Dyslipidemia-related targets were identified using the databases of Disgenet and GeneCards. Then, the intersection target of drugs and diseases was demonstrated via a Venn diagram. Cytoscape3.7.2 was used to construct a “drugs-active ingredients-intersection targets” network map and the key active ingredients with the top 7-degree values were determined. The protein interaction network and topology analysis of the intersection target genes were carried out by combining STRING11.0 and Cytoscape3.7.2. Moreover, the gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the intersection target genes were carried out using the Metascape database. Lastly, the key active ingredients and targets were molecular docked by AutoDockTools, Pymol, and other software. Results: There were 51 active components and 509 target genes of which 74 intersect with dyslipidemia. The key targets included tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), AKT1, PPAR gamma (PPARG), VEGFA, and PPARα. GO enrichment analysis obtained 1040 biological processes, 33 cell components, and 84 molecular functions;KEGG enrichment analysis obtained 148 pathways. The molecular docking results showed that the key targets and compounds exhibited good binding force. Conclusion: The active ingredients of Fangxiangxiaozhi prescription regulated several pathways through multiple targets to intervene in dyslipidemia. This study can serve as a foundation for further research.

Game Analysis of Regulation for Online Prescription Drugs under Customer Feedback Mechanism

Objective To study the way to better regulate the online sales of prescription drugs,and to provide reference for the adjustment of relevant policies since the online sales of prescription drugs has become an inevitable trend.Methods A game model was constructed for the strategy choice of pharmaceutical e-commerce platform,customers and government departments based on differential game theory and Nash equilibrium game model to analyze the pure strategy Nash equilibrium,Nash equilibrium dominant strategy of each subject and the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium under different conditions.Besides,Matlab was used to carry out simulation analysis.Results and Conclusion The study shows that:(1)Improving the credibility of the government and reducing the cost of government regulation can not only make the pharmaceutical e-commerce platform operate with high quality,but also give greater play to government functions;(2)The greater the influence of social evaluation on pharmaceutical e-commerce platforms,the lower the cost of high-quality operation of pharmaceutical e-commerce platform,and the greater the probability of customer choosing real evaluation strategy;(3)The greater the customers’perception of potential risk,the greater the compensation,and the lower the cost of reporting.Then,the greater the probability that government departments will choose strict regulation.Finally,the model solution and simulation analysis are combined to provide countermeasures and suggestions for the safety regulation of online sales of prescription drugs.

Clinical Observation of Chinese Medicinal Prescriptions for Swelling and Pain in The Postoperative Treatment of Mixed Hemorrhoids

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)on reducing swelling and pain in patients with mixed hemorrhoids.Methods:Sixty patients with mixed hemorrhoids who were admitted to the Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Qiqihar from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected and divided into two groups.The treatment group(n=30)was treated with mixed hemorrhoid ligation combined with traditional Chinese swelling and pain medicine,and the control group(n=30)was only treated with mixed hemorrhoid ligation.The pain level,edema score,and prognosis of the two groups after the intervention were analyzed.The clinical efficacy was used as the evaluation criterion to compare the clinical effects of different treatment options.Results:After the treatment,the pain score,edema score,and prognostic wound score of the treatment group were all lower than those of the control group(P 0.05).The total clinical effectiveness of the treatment group(100%)was higher than that of the control group(76.67%),(χ^(2)=4.2857,P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of traditional Chinese swelling and pain medicine in treating patients with mixed hemorrhoids effectively reduced the patient’s pain,reduced the degree of wound edema,promoted wound healing,and improved the patient’s prognosis.The curative effect was significant and had a positive impact.

Research on the Progress of Treating Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease with Modified Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a high-incidence digestive system disease. Western medicine mainly uses drugs such as proton pump inhibitors to inhibit gastric acid secretion, but some patients are accompanied by symptoms such as non-acid reflux and gas reflux, which cannot effectively treat the disease. It is necessary to actively explore other treatment schemes. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of research on gastroesophageal reflux disease, which emphasizes the treatment based on syndrome differentiation as a whole. Through the treatment of various and multi-component TCM prescriptions, the patient’s body condition can be adjusted, and the treatment effect on gastroesophageal reflux disease is reliable, which has obvious therapeutic advantages. To further clarify the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, this study reviewed and analyzed the research progress of the treatment of liver disease with modified prescriptions, and the report is as follows.

Preliminary Investigation on Zhuang Folk Medicated Bath Prescriptions:A Case Study of Hechi Region

This paper summarizes the mechanism,methods and characteristics of Zhuang folk medicated bath,as well as the composition and application of prescriptions,which provides a basis for the popularization of Chinese ethnic medicine.

Effect of exercise prescription teaching on exercise quality and mental health status of college students

BACKGROUND The teaching mode of fitness exercise prescriptions for college students in physical education conforms to the scientific principles and rules of fitness,which can adapt to the characteristics of students’individual physiological functions and stimulate their interest in learning.AIM To analyze the effect of prescribed exercise teaching on the sports quality and mental health of college students.METHODS The participants of the study were 240 students in our class of 2021,of which 142 were men and 98 were women.The 240 students were randomly divided into an experimental group using the exercise prescription teaching model and a control group using the conventional teaching model.The experimental and control groups were divided into four classes of 30 students each.The teaching activities of the two teaching mode groups were strictly controlled,and the same tests were used before and after the experiment to test the subjects’exercise quality(including standing long jump,50 m race,800 m race,sit-ups,sit-and-reach),physical form(including height,weight,Ketorolai index),cardiopulmonary function(including heart rate,blood pressure,spirometry,12-min running distance,maximum oxygen intake)and mental health(SCL-90,including somatization,obsessive-compulsive,interpersonal,depression,anxiety,hostility,phobia,paranoia,psychotic symptoms)to understand the effects of the exercise prescription teaching mode on students’physical and mental health status.RESULTS There were differences in the exercise scores of standing long jump,50 m,800 m/1000 m running,sit-ups,and sit-and-reach in the experimental group after the experiment compared with those before the experiment,and the above indices of the experimental group were different from those of the control group after the experiment(P<0.05).There were differences in body weight and Ketorolai index in the experimental group after the experiment compared to those before the experiment,and the indices of the experimental group were also different from those of the control group after the experiment(P<0.05).After the experiment,there were differences in spirometry,12-min running distance,and maximum oxygen intake in the experimental group compared to those before the experiment,and the indices of the experimental group were also different from those of the control group after the experiment(P<0.05).After the experiment,the indicators of somatization,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,and hostility in the experimental group were different from those in the pre-experimental group,and the indexes of the experimental group were also different from those of the control group after the experiment(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Exercise prescription teaching can mobilize college students’consciousness,enthusiasm,and initiative;expand personalities;enhance physical fitness and improve their mental health more than the conventional fitness exercise prescription teaching method.

Prescription patterns of antidiabetic and cardiovascular preventive medications in community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus:a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE To describe trends in antidiabetics drug prescription patterns in community-dwelling older adults with type 2 dia-betes mellitus(T2DM)and to evaluate the use of cardiovascular preventive medications among those diagnosed with atheroscler-otic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD).METHODS This cross-sectional,face-to-face interview study that comprised community-dwelling older adults(≥65 years)dia-gnosed with T2DM.The study questionnaire included the patients’demographics,clinical data,and current medication use.Pati-ents with established ASCVD were further classified into low(i.e.,not receiving evidence-based therapy or only one)and high(i.e.,receiving at least two evidence-based therapies)composite score groups.Bivariate analysis followed by multivariable logistic re-gression analysis were performed to evaluate the demographic/clinical characteristics associated with the use of antidiabetic mo-notherapy/polytherapy and evidence-based pharmacotherapy.RESULTS A total of 500 older adults were enrolled.The mean age of included participants was 73±7 years,310 participants(62%)were males,and 385 participants(77.0%)had established ASCVD.Antidiabetic monotherapy was reported in 251 partici-pants(50.2%),with metformin followed by sulfonylureas being the most commonly prescribed drugs as monotherapy.The results of the multivariable analysis showed that age[odds ratio(OR)=0.89,95%CI:0.85-0.94,P<0.001],obesity(OR=4.18,95%CI:1.63-10.36,P=0.003),hypertension(OR=4.2,95%CI:1.22-7.66,P=0.04),and dyslipidemia(OR=4.1,95%CI:1.28-8.30,P=0.01),were significantly associated with the prescription of cardiovascular preventive medications.CONCLUSIONS Only one in twenty-one participant with T2DM and ASCVD collectively received three guideline-recommen-ded therapies,indicating a deficiency of utilization of cardiovascular preventive drugs.

The Impact of Behavioural Insights on Effective Prescription of Antibiotics by Doctors: A Case Study from Latifa Hospital for Women and Children, Dubai Health Authority

Introduction: Wise prescription of antibiotics is an ethical duty of physicians in view of rising antimicrobial resistance in the community, it should be balanced between the health requirements of the patients and resulting long-term antibiotics resistance. Overuse of antimicrobials is a major cause of emerging resistance to antimicrobials. There are multiple factors in the community that influence the physician’s antibiotic prescriptions. Methods: This is a systematic case-control study on antibiotics prescription for paediatric patients attending Latifa Hospital for Women and Children (LWCH), Dubai Health Authority, to know the effects of behavioral interventions on rates of inappropriate antimicrobials prescription by doctors in the Paediatric Emergency Department. Results: The results of our study showed the effectiveness of behavioral insights by peer comparison in antibiotic use among paediatricians in Latifa Hospital had a statistical significance (P = 0.0038). The rate of the prescription decreased from 41% to 21%, a difference of 20%. Conclusion: The study concluded behavioural intervention is an effective measure in reducing the improper prescription of antibiotics in the hospital setting.

Compatibility Rules of Prescriptions of Tibetan Medicinal Material Mirabilis himalaica(Edgew.)Heimerl Based on Data Mining

[Objectives]To study the prescription compatibility rules of the Tibetan medicinal material Mirabilis himalaica(Edgew.)Heimerl(Himalayan purple jasmine)based on data mining,and to provide reference for clinical application and new drug development.[Methods]The literature data were collected and the prescriptions containing Himalayan purple jasmine were sorted and classified by Microsoft Excel 2019 software.The Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computing System(TCMICS 3.0)was used to statistically analyze the high-frequency drugs and core drug combinations,the frequency of disease treatment,and the rules of"tastes transforming flavors"of drugs.The FP-tree algorithm was used to analyze the association rules among various Tibetan medicinal materials in the prescriptions,and different supports were set to analyze the compatibility rules of the prescriptions.[Results]There were a total of 129 prescriptions containing Himalayan purple jasmine,297 medicinal materials used in combination with it,and 34 Tibetan medicinal materials with a frequency of≥15.The medicinal flavors were mostly sweet,bitter,and pungent.Among the three flavors,bitterness and sweetness were the majority.At the same time,the medicinal properties were blunt,soft,cool,and warm.A total of 130 kinds of diseases were involved,among which 8 kinds of diseases such as gynecology,kidney cold and yellow water disease had a high frequency.Through association rule analysis,33 commonly used core drug combinations were obtained.The support,confidence,and frequency of the five drug combinations[Jili(Tribuli Fructus),Huangjing(Polygonati Rhizoma),Tianmendong(Root of Cochinchinese Asparagus),and Tibetan Aoruqin(Vicatia coniifolia)]→Himalayan purple jasmine were the basic prescription of Tibetan medicine Wudagen Powder.The drug combinations with higher confidence included Bibo(Piperis Longi Fructus)→Himalayan purple jasmine,Pomegranate(Punica granatum→Himalayan purple jasmine,Baidoukou(Round Cardamom Fruit)→Himalayan purple jasmine,Hezi(Chebulae Fructus)→Himalayan purple jasmine.Jili(Tribuli Fructus)→Himalayan purple jasmine,Huangjing(Polygonati Rhizoma)→Himalayan purple jasmine and Tianmendong(Root of Cochinchinese Asparagus)→Himalayan purple jasmine had highest frequency.[Conclusions]Through the TCMICS,this paper analyzed the compatibility rules of commonly used drugs containing Himalayan purple jasmine and the characteristics of the main diseases.It can be seen that Himalayan purple jasmine is sweet in taste and warm in nature.It assists sovereign drugs in the form of ministerial drugs,which enhances the effect of regulating"long"and nourishing,and plays the role of regulating"long",dispelling cold,and reconciling various drugs,which embodies the compatibility rules of sovereign and ministerial drugs of Tibetan medicines.The main diseases of Himalayan purple jasmine are related to"long"regulation,and it is mostly used in the treatment of gynecological diseases after being combined with other drugs to form a prescription.Most drugs in the prescriptions are sweet,which is the therapeutic principle of regulating"long"and nourishing,and verifies the scientific and rational principle of clinical use of Tibetan medicine.In the prescription,the medicinal properties include both warm and cool,and the medicinal taste is sweet and bitter,which is in line with the compatibility theory of"tastes transforming flavors"in traditional Tibetan medicine prescriptions.

Exploring the compatibility theory of traditional Chinese medicine formulae:the disassembled prescriptions study

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has become very popular in the treatment of complex diseases worldwide in recent decades.Despite the promising performance of TCM,how herbs work synergistically in a formula and their therapeutic targets remain ambiguous.This largely limits the correct use and modernization of TCM formulas clinically.The study of disassembled prescriptions is important for investigating the compatibility theory of Chinese medicines.By dissecting the mechanisms of TCM formulae,the compatibility principles of some well-known formulae,such as Realgar-Indigo naturalis,have been elucidated to a certain extent.In this review,several common methods of disassembled prescription studies are summarized,including those of single herb or mineral,sub-prescription,active ingredients or effective parts,large formulae,and systems pharmacology studies,as well as the methods of grouping based on the properties or efficacy of Chinese medicines,in order to provide evidence for formulae study.Moreover,some challenges to be addressed in disassembled prescriptions studies have been identified in this review.