Drugs are traditionally been identified on basis of chromatographic-spectroscopic hyphenated techniques in instrumental analysis. Gas chromatography (GC) and Liquid chromatography (LC) hyphenated with mass spectroscop...Drugs are traditionally been identified on basis of chromatographic-spectroscopic hyphenated techniques in instrumental analysis. Gas chromatography (GC) and Liquid chromatography (LC) hyphenated with mass spectroscopy (MS) i.e. GC-MS and LC-MS give reliable and confirmatory results in drugs identification. In the present work the novel hyphenated technique High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (HPTLC-MS) has been used. This technique provides efficient, quick and simple method for identification and separation of Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The drugs under study are Papaverine, Methadone, Cocaine, Ketamine, Caffeine, Codeine, Diazepam, Thebaine, Heroin, Methamphetamine, Carbamazepine, Morphine, Narcotine and Ephedrine. The present study comprising of sixteen drugs has been carried out on CAMAG HPTLC instrument with automatic sampling. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates were developed in various solvent systems, scanned under TLC scanner and the results in terms of Retention Factor (Rf value) and UV spectrum (λmax) are presented in the manuscript. Using hyphenated technique of HPTLC-MS (MS 2020 SHIMADZU) spots of these drugs from TLC plate was lifted with CAMAG TLC-MS interface and confirmed by the mass spectrum of the individual drugs by their m/z values thus delivering fast and accurate confirmatory result on the TLC plate.展开更多
Date Rape Drugs are the members of tranquilizers and sedative class of drugs.These are the substances that make it easier for someone to rape or assault sexually.The person who is administrated by these drugs can caus...Date Rape Drugs are the members of tranquilizers and sedative class of drugs.These are the substances that make it easier for someone to rape or assault sexually.The person who is administrated by these drugs can cause sleepiness,slow breathing,slow heartbeat rate,trouble in muscle coordination,loss of consciousness.GHB(gamma-hydroxybutyric acid),Rohypnol(flunitrazepam),Ketamine are generally considered as date rape drugs.As Food and Drug Administration Department of Central Government of India considered this issue and placed these drugs under the schedule of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act.Thereafter it is nearly impossible to get these drugs easily.But criminals have been searched new way through it.Normal tranquilizers and sedatives are also being used for committing such crimes.These drugs are also scheduled,but one can get them with prescription from a registered medical practitioner.So we carried out a comparative study of 3 tranquilizers from the benzodiazepine class that are Diazepam,Alprazolam,and Librium to check their dissolving rate in stomach acid.Estimation of action time of drug can help an investigator to identify the class of drug and time of drug injected(early phase).In our study,we found that the dissolving period of Diazepam and Alprazolam is more than conventional drugs.展开更多
Narcotics and psychotropic drugs are known as controlled drugs with special management and super vision due to their psychic and physiological dependence. Based on the literature review, experts interview and policy c...Narcotics and psychotropic drugs are known as controlled drugs with special management and super vision due to their psychic and physiological dependence. Based on the literature review, experts interview and policy comparative analysis, our study summarized and reviewed the status of related legislation and regulations since the enactment of the Narcotics and Psychotropic Drugs Regulations in 2005. We found the problems of legal loopholes, the complexity of supervision system and the irrational use of narcotics in the treatment of chronic non-cancer. Our analysis suggested that China should reinforce legislation, strengthen the cooperation among departments, establish the information network and improve the guideline of narcotics and psychotropic drugs for clinical treatment as quickly as possible.展开更多
Background Off-label use of psychotropic prescriptions for pediatric patients has been increasing in Japan.This study sought to clarify pediatric patients' off-label use of psychotropics approved only for adults i...Background Off-label use of psychotropic prescriptions for pediatric patients has been increasing in Japan.This study sought to clarify pediatric patients' off-label use of psychotropics approved only for adults in Japan.Methods This retrospective study on psychotropic utilization employed a pharmaceutical health insurance claims database supplied by a pharmacy for the fiscal year 2016.Seven psychotropic drugs were examined.For each drug,we calculated the proportion of patients aged < 16 years or who were under the approved age limit set in the United States out of all patients.The maximum daily dose of each drug within the study period was plotted by age.Results Data of 45,715 patients (female:26,799,male:18,916) with 331,920 prescriptions were examined in this study.For each drug,the proportion of pediatric patients aged < 16 years ranged from 0.15 to 1.1%,while the proportion of those under the approved age limit in the United States ranged from 0 to 0.27%.Olanzapine had the highest reported proportion.No drugs other than olanzapine were taken under the approved age limit in the United States.Conclusions We identified the pediatric off-label use of psychotropics that were limited to adult use in Japan.The results indicated the possibility of referring to international guidelines or evidence in clinical practice,but these factors do not discount the existing problems with off-label use.More clinical trials within the pediatric population in Japan are needed to address the issue of off-label use and obtain useful and reliable information in the package inserts for rational use in future pediatric patients.展开更多
文摘Drugs are traditionally been identified on basis of chromatographic-spectroscopic hyphenated techniques in instrumental analysis. Gas chromatography (GC) and Liquid chromatography (LC) hyphenated with mass spectroscopy (MS) i.e. GC-MS and LC-MS give reliable and confirmatory results in drugs identification. In the present work the novel hyphenated technique High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (HPTLC-MS) has been used. This technique provides efficient, quick and simple method for identification and separation of Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The drugs under study are Papaverine, Methadone, Cocaine, Ketamine, Caffeine, Codeine, Diazepam, Thebaine, Heroin, Methamphetamine, Carbamazepine, Morphine, Narcotine and Ephedrine. The present study comprising of sixteen drugs has been carried out on CAMAG HPTLC instrument with automatic sampling. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates were developed in various solvent systems, scanned under TLC scanner and the results in terms of Retention Factor (Rf value) and UV spectrum (λmax) are presented in the manuscript. Using hyphenated technique of HPTLC-MS (MS 2020 SHIMADZU) spots of these drugs from TLC plate was lifted with CAMAG TLC-MS interface and confirmed by the mass spectrum of the individual drugs by their m/z values thus delivering fast and accurate confirmatory result on the TLC plate.
文摘Date Rape Drugs are the members of tranquilizers and sedative class of drugs.These are the substances that make it easier for someone to rape or assault sexually.The person who is administrated by these drugs can cause sleepiness,slow breathing,slow heartbeat rate,trouble in muscle coordination,loss of consciousness.GHB(gamma-hydroxybutyric acid),Rohypnol(flunitrazepam),Ketamine are generally considered as date rape drugs.As Food and Drug Administration Department of Central Government of India considered this issue and placed these drugs under the schedule of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act.Thereafter it is nearly impossible to get these drugs easily.But criminals have been searched new way through it.Normal tranquilizers and sedatives are also being used for committing such crimes.These drugs are also scheduled,but one can get them with prescription from a registered medical practitioner.So we carried out a comparative study of 3 tranquilizers from the benzodiazepine class that are Diazepam,Alprazolam,and Librium to check their dissolving rate in stomach acid.Estimation of action time of drug can help an investigator to identify the class of drug and time of drug injected(early phase).In our study,we found that the dissolving period of Diazepam and Alprazolam is more than conventional drugs.
基金financially supported by Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Peking University
文摘Narcotics and psychotropic drugs are known as controlled drugs with special management and super vision due to their psychic and physiological dependence. Based on the literature review, experts interview and policy comparative analysis, our study summarized and reviewed the status of related legislation and regulations since the enactment of the Narcotics and Psychotropic Drugs Regulations in 2005. We found the problems of legal loopholes, the complexity of supervision system and the irrational use of narcotics in the treatment of chronic non-cancer. Our analysis suggested that China should reinforce legislation, strengthen the cooperation among departments, establish the information network and improve the guideline of narcotics and psychotropic drugs for clinical treatment as quickly as possible.
文摘Background Off-label use of psychotropic prescriptions for pediatric patients has been increasing in Japan.This study sought to clarify pediatric patients' off-label use of psychotropics approved only for adults in Japan.Methods This retrospective study on psychotropic utilization employed a pharmaceutical health insurance claims database supplied by a pharmacy for the fiscal year 2016.Seven psychotropic drugs were examined.For each drug,we calculated the proportion of patients aged < 16 years or who were under the approved age limit set in the United States out of all patients.The maximum daily dose of each drug within the study period was plotted by age.Results Data of 45,715 patients (female:26,799,male:18,916) with 331,920 prescriptions were examined in this study.For each drug,the proportion of pediatric patients aged < 16 years ranged from 0.15 to 1.1%,while the proportion of those under the approved age limit in the United States ranged from 0 to 0.27%.Olanzapine had the highest reported proportion.No drugs other than olanzapine were taken under the approved age limit in the United States.Conclusions We identified the pediatric off-label use of psychotropics that were limited to adult use in Japan.The results indicated the possibility of referring to international guidelines or evidence in clinical practice,but these factors do not discount the existing problems with off-label use.More clinical trials within the pediatric population in Japan are needed to address the issue of off-label use and obtain useful and reliable information in the package inserts for rational use in future pediatric patients.
