ASARA,a prediction model based on Child-Pugh class in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization

Background:Due to the high heterogeneity among hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients receiving transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),the prognosis of patients varies significantly.The decisionmaking on the initiation and/or repetition of TACE under different liver functions is a matter of concern in clinical practice.Thus,we aimed to develop a prediction model for TACE candidates using risk stratification based on varied liver function.Methods:A total of 222 unresectable HCC patients who underwent TACE as their only treatment were included in this study.Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to select the independent risk factors and establish a predictive model for the overall survival(OS).The model was validated in patients with different Child-Pugh class and compared to previous TACE scoring systems.Results:The five independent risk factors,including alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)level,maximal tumor size,the increase of albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)grade score,tumor response,and the increase of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),were used to build a prognostic model(ASARA).In the training and validation cohorts,the OS of patients with ASARA score≤2 was significantly higher than that of patients with ASARA score>2(P<0.001,P=0.006,respectively).The ASARA model and its modified version“AS(ARA)”can effectively distinguish the OS(P<0.001,P=0.004)between patients with Child-Pugh class A and B,and the C-index was 0.687 and 0.706,respectively.For repeated TACE,the ASARA model was superior to Assessment for Retreatment with TACE(ART)and ALBI grade,maximal tumor size,AFP,and tumor response(ASAR)among Child-Pugh class A patients.For the first TACE,the performance of AS(ARA)was better than that of modified hepatoma arterial-embolization prognostic(mHAP),mHAP3,and ASA(R)models among Child-Pugh class B patients.Conclusions:The ASARA scoring system is valuable in the decision-making of TACE repetition for HCC patients,especially Child-Pugh class A patients.The modified AS(ARA)can be used to screen the ideal candidate for TACE initiation in Child-Pugh class B patients with poor liver function.

Attenuate Class Imbalance Problem for Pneumonia Diagnosis Using Ensemble Parallel Stacked Pre-Trained Models

Pneumonia is an acute lung infection that has caused many fatalitiesglobally. Radiologists often employ chest X-rays to identify pneumoniasince they are presently the most effective imaging method for this purpose.Computer-aided diagnosis of pneumonia using deep learning techniques iswidely used due to its effectiveness and performance. In the proposed method,the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) approach is usedto eliminate the class imbalance in the X-ray dataset. To compensate forthe paucity of accessible data, pre-trained transfer learning is used, and anensemble Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model is developed. Theensemble model consists of all possible combinations of the MobileNetv2,Visual Geometry Group (VGG16), and DenseNet169 models. MobileNetV2and DenseNet169 performed well in the Single classifier model, with anaccuracy of 94%, while the ensemble model (MobileNetV2+DenseNet169)achieved an accuracy of 96.9%. Using the data synchronous parallel modelin Distributed Tensorflow, the training process accelerated performance by98.6% and outperformed other conventional approaches.

Accounting for Heterogeneity in Stop Frequency Models of Work Tours Using Latent Class Poisson Models

Stop frequency models, as one of the elements of activity based models, represent an important part of travel behavior. Unobserved heterogeneity across the travelers should be taken into consideration to prevent biasedness and inconsistency in the estimated parameters in the stop frequency models. Additionally, previous studies on the stop frequency have mostly been done in larger metropolitan areas and less attention has been paid to the areas with less population. This study addresses these gaps by using 2012 travel data from a medium sized U.S. urban area using the work tour for the case study. Stop in the work tour were classified into three groups of outbound leg, work based subtour, and inbound leg of the commutes. Latent Class Poisson Regression Models were used to analyze the data. The results indicate the presence of heterogeneity across the commuters. Using latent class models significantly improves the predictive power of the models compared to regular one class Poisson regression models. In contrast to one class Poisson models, gender becomes insignificant in predicting the number of tours when unobserved heterogeneity is accounted for. The commuters are associated with increased stops on their work based subtour when the employment density of service-related occupations increases in their work zone, but employment density of retail employment does not significantly contribute to the stop making likelihood of the commuters. Additionally, an increase in the number of work tours was associated with fewer stops on the inbound leg of the commute. The results of this study suggest the consideration of unobserved heterogeneity in the stop frequency models and help transportation agencies and policy makers make better inferences from such models.

The Application of ARCS Motivation Model in Online College English Class

Since the epidemic,online classes have been a common practice,and learning motivation plays a key role in the efficiency of the online English,which should not be underestimated in improving online foreign language teaching.This paper discusses how to effectively apply ARCS motivation model in online English teaching design with examples of college English textbooks,so as to motivate students and improve students’online classroom efficiency by improving their learning motivation.

Extensive numerical simulations on competitive growth between the Edwards–Wilkinson and Kardar–Parisi–Zhang universality classes

Extensive numerical simulations and scaling analysis are performed to investigate competitive growth between the linear and nonlinear stochastic dynamic growth systems, which belong to the Edwards–Wilkinson(EW) and Kardar–Parisi–Zhang(KPZ) universality classes, respectively. The linear growth systems include the EW equation and the model of random deposition with surface relaxation(RDSR), the nonlinear growth systems involve the KPZ equation and typical discrete models including ballistic deposition(BD), etching, and restricted solid on solid(RSOS). The scaling exponents are obtained in both the(1 + 1)-and(2 + 1)-dimensional competitive growth with the nonlinear growth probability p and the linear proportion 1-p. Our results show that, when p changes from 0 to 1, there exist non-trivial crossover effects from EW to KPZ universality classes based on different competitive growth rules. Furthermore, the growth rate and the porosity are also estimated within various linear and nonlinear growths of cooperation and competition.

The Practice of Presentation-Assimilation-Discussion (PAD) Class in the Practice and Training Course of Fundamental of Nursing Science Exploration and Effect Evaluation

Purpose: to discuss the practice pattern and application effect of PAD class in the practice and training course of Fundamental of Nursing Science for the nursing students in medical school. Method: PAD class is applied in the practice and training course of Fundamental of Nursing Science for 111 nursing students of the school, and after it is implemented, the recognition and achievement of the learning objectives during the implementation of "PAD class" are evaluated for the students, and the recognition of the students of nursing specialty on "PAD class" and their learning attitude and exam results before and after its implementation. Results: After implementation of PAD class, the recognition, learning attitude and exam results of the students of nursing specialty are higher those of them before its implementation (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The application of PAD class in the practice and training course of Fundamental of Nursing Science for the nursing students in the medical schools is conductive to the improvement of the learning enthusiasm of the students and their exam results.

将Flipped Class Model引入高校网球教学的SWOT分析

将Flipped Class Model引入到高校网球课教学,有助于激发学生对高校网球项目课学习的积极性,增强学生网球项目课学习的自主性,加强师生间的交流。运用SWOT态势分析法,将Flipped Class Model引入到高校网球教学,将会促进教师教学能力提高、教学过程中教师和学生角色转换、学生学习习惯改变等。

Integrating deep learning and logging data analytics for lithofacies classification and 3D modeling of tight sandstone reservoirs

The lithofacies classification is essential for oil and gas reservoir exploration and development.The traditional method of lithofacies classification is based on"core calibration logging"and the experience of geologists.This approach has strong subjectivity,low efficiency,and high uncertainty.This uncertainty may be one of the key factors affecting the results of 3 D modeling of tight sandstone reservoirs.In recent years,deep learning,which is a cutting-edge artificial intelligence technology,has attracted attention from various fields.However,the study of deep-learning techniques in the field of lithofacies classification has not been sufficient.Therefore,this paper proposes a novel hybrid deep-learning model based on the efficient data feature-extraction ability of convolutional neural networks(CNN)and the excellent ability to describe time-dependent features of long short-term memory networks(LSTM)to conduct lithological facies-classification experiments.The results of a series of experiments show that the hybrid CNN-LSTM model had an average accuracy of 87.3%and the best classification effect compared to the CNN,LSTM or the three commonly used machine learning models(Support vector machine,random forest,and gradient boosting decision tree).In addition,the borderline synthetic minority oversampling technique(BSMOTE)is introduced to address the class-imbalance issue of raw data.The results show that processed data balance can significantly improve the accuracy of lithofacies classification.Beside that,based on the fine lithofacies constraints,the sequential indicator simulation method is used to establish a three-dimensional lithofacies model,which completes the fine description of the spatial distribution of tight sandstone reservoirs in the study area.According to this comprehensive analysis,the proposed CNN-LSTM model,which eliminates class imbalance,can be effectively applied to lithofacies classification,and is expected to improve the reality of the geological model for the tight sandstone reservoirs.

Stochastic Model for Multiple Classes and Subclasses Simple Documents Processing

The issue of document management has been raised for a long time, especially with the appearance of office automation in the 1980s, which led to dematerialization and Electronic Document Management (EDM). In the same period, workflow management has experienced significant development, but has become more focused on the industry. However, it seems to us that document workflows have not had the same interest for the scientific community. But nowadays, the emergence and supremacy of the Internet in electronic exchanges are leading to a massive dematerialization of documents;which requires a conceptual reconsideration of the organizational framework for the processing of said documents in both public and private administrations. This problem seems open to us and deserves the interest of the scientific community. Indeed, EDM has mainly focused on the storage (referencing) and circulation of documents (traceability). It paid little attention to the overall behavior of the system in processing documents. The purpose of our researches is to model document processing systems. In the previous works, we proposed a general model and its specialization in the case of small documents (any document processed by a single person at a time during its processing life cycle), which represent 70% of documents processed by administrations, according to our study. In this contribution, we extend the model for processing small documents to the case where they are managed in a system comprising document classes organized in subclasses;which is the case for most administrations. We have thus observed that this model is a Markovian ML×K/ML×K/1 queues network. We have analyzed the constraints of this model and deduced certain characteristics and metrics. In fine, the ultimate objective of our work is to design a document workflow management system, integrating a component of global behavior prediction.

Two-Bubble Class Model for Churn-Turbulent Regime in a Bubble Column Slurry Reactor of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

A model for a bubble column slurry reactor is developed based on the experiment of Rhenpreussen Koppers demonstration plant for slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reported by Koelble et al. This model is applicable to the operation in the churn-turbulent regime and incorporates the information on the bubble size. The axial dispersion model is adopted to describe the flow characteristics of the Fischer-Tropsch slurry reactor. With the model developed, simulations are performed to identify the steady state behavior of a Fischer-Tropsch slurry reactor of commercial size. Predictions of the two-bubble class model is compared with that of the conventional single- bubble class model. The results show that under a variety of conditions, the two-bubble class model gives results different from those for the single-bubble class model.

A lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook model for a class of the generalized Burgers equations

A new lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook （LBGK） model for a class of the generalized Burgers equations is proposed. It is a general LBGK model for nonlinear Burgers equations with source term in arbitrary dimensional space. The linear stability of the model is also studied. The model is numerically tested for three problems in different dimensional space, and the numerical results are compared with either analytic solutions or numerical results obtained by other methods. Satisfactory results are obtained by the numerical simulations.

Optimizing Movement of Students from Hostels to Lecture Rooms in a Potential World Class University Using Transportation Model

Transportation issue is one of the significant zones of utilization of Linear Programming Model. In this paper, transportation model is utilized to decide an ideal answer for the transportation issue in a run of the mill world class university utilizing Covenant University as a contextual analysis. Covenant University is a potential world class University. The quick development of Covenant University Campus over the most recent fourteen years affects its transportation framework. This paper particularly takes a gander at streamlining the time spent by the students moving from their lodgings to lecture rooms. Google guide was utilized to figure the separation and time between every cause and every goal. North-west corner technique, Least Cost strategy and Vogel’s estimation technique were utilized to decide the underlying fundamental plausible arrangement (initial feasible solution) and MODI strategy was utilized to locate the ideal arrangement (optimal solution). The last outcome demonstrates that the development of understudies from hostel to lecture rooms can be streamlined if the total time spent is decreased.

Infl uence of altitude and tree class on climate-growth relationships in a larch plantation in subtropical China

Precise quantifi cation of climate-growth relationships can make a major contribution to scientifi c forest management.However,whether diff erences in the response of growth to climate at diff erent altitudes remains unclear.To answer this,264 trees of Larix kaempferi from 88 plots,representing diff erent altitudinal ranges(1000-2100 m)and tree classes were sampled and used to develop tree-ring chronologies.Tree-ring growth(TRG)was either positively(dominant)or negatively(intermediate and suppressed)correlated with climate in diff erent tree classes at diff erent altitudes.TRG was strongly correlated with growing season at low altitudes,but was less sensitive to climate at middle altitudes.It was mainly limited by precipitation and was highly sensitive to climate at low altitudes.Climate-growth relationships at high altitudes were opposite compared to those at low altitudes.TRG of dominant trees was more sensitive to climate change compared to intermediate and suppressed trees.Climate factors(annual temperatures;moisture,the number of frost-free days)had diff erent eff ects on tree-ring growth of diff erent tree classes along altitudinal gradients.It was concluded that the increase in summer temperatures decreased water availability,resulting in a signifi cant decline in growth rates after 2005 at lower altitudes.L.kaempferi is suitable for planting in middle altitudes and dominant trees were the best sampling choice for accurately assessing climate-growth relationships.

A Comparison of Statistics for Assessing Model Invariance in Latent Class Analysis

Latent class analysis (LCA) is a widely used statistical technique for identifying subgroups in the population based upon multiple indicator variables. It has a number of advantages over other unsupervised grouping procedures such as cluster analysis, including stronger theoretical underpinnings, more clearly defined measures of model fit, and the ability to conduct confirmatory analyses. In addition, it is possible to ascertain whether an LCA solution is equally applicable to multiple known groups, using invariance assessment techniques. This study compared the effectiveness of multiple statistics for detecting group LCA invariance, including a chi-square difference test, a bootstrap likelihood ratio test, and several information indices. Results of the simulation study found that the bootstrap likelihood ratio test was the optimal invariance assessment statistic. In addition to the simulation, LCA group invariance assessment was demonstrated in an application with the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Implications of the simulation results for practice are discussed.

Modeling Crash Risk at Rail-Highway Grade Crossings by Track Class

The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)’s Web Based Accident Prediction System (WBAPS) is used by federal, state and local agencies to get a preliminary idea on safety at a rail-highway grade crossing. It is an interactive and user-friendly tool used to make funding decisions. WBAPS is almost three decades old and involves a three-step approach making it difficult to interpret the contribution of the variables included in the model. It also does not directly account for regional/local developments and technological advancements pertaining to signals and signs implemented at rail-highway grade crossings. Further, characteristics of a rail-highway grade crossing vary by track class which is not explicitly considered by WBAPS. This research, therefore, examines and develops a method and models to estimate crashes at rail-highway grade crossings by track class using regional/local level data. The method and models developed for each track class as well as considering all track classes together are based on data for the state of North Carolina. Linear, as well as count models based on Poisson and Negative Binomial (NB) distributions, was tested for applicability. Negative binomial models were found to be the best fit for the data used in this research. Models for each track class have better goodness of fit statistics compared to the model considering data for all track classes together. This is primarily because traffic, design, and operational characteristics at rail-highway grade crossings are different for each track class. The findings from statistical models in this research are supported by model validation.

Numerical Solutions of a Novel Designed Prevention Class in the HIV Nonlinear Model

The presented research aims to design a new prevention class(P)in the HIV nonlinear system,i.e.,the HIPV model.Then numerical treatment of the newly formulated HIPV model is portrayed handled by using the strength of stochastic procedure based numerical computing schemes exploiting the artificial neural networks(ANNs)modeling legacy together with the optimization competence of the hybrid of global and local search schemes via genetic algorithms(GAs)and active-set approach(ASA),i.e.,GA-ASA.The optimization performances through GA-ASA are accessed by presenting an error-based fitness function designed for all the classes of the HIPV model and its corresponding initial conditions represented with nonlinear systems of ODEs.To check the exactness of the proposed stochastic scheme,the comparison of the obtained results and Adams numerical results is performed.For the convergence measures,the learning curves are presented based on the different contact rate values.Moreover,the statistical performances through different operators indicate the stability and reliability of the proposed stochastic scheme to solve the novel designed HIPV model.

“FlippedClass Model”模式在教学中的运用实践与思考

本文通过"FlippedClass Model"在《现代轿车的新功能》中的实践,论述了"FlippedClass Model"体现教师为主导,学生为主体辩证统一的理念,符合独立性与依赖性相统一的心理发展的实际,适应学生的个别差异,有利于挖掘学生的创造潜能,培养学生的创新意识。

A Model Structured in Classes for the Study of Student Population Evolution

This paper presents an application of a metapopulation model structured in classes for the study of population evolution of a network of schools.The global dynamics are considered in two parts,the local,where the evolution for each grade in a cycle is accounted,and the metapopulation or the movement of students between schools.Simulation of the model is presented.

Universality Class in Abelian Sandpile Models with Stochastic Toppling Rules

We present a stochastic critical slope sandpile model, where the amount of grains that fall in an overturning event is stochastic variable. The model is local, conservative, and Abelian. We apply the moment analysis to evaluate critical exponents and finite size scaling method to consistently test the obtained results. Numerical results show that this model, Oslo model, and one-dimensional Abelian Manna model have the same critical behavior although the three models have different stochastic toppling rules, which provides evidences suggesting that Abelian sandpile models with different stochastic toppling rules are in the same universality class.