SIMULATION OF GAS AND LIQUID TWO-PHASE FLOW THROUGH THE BLAST FURNACE DROPPING ZONE

A three-dimensional mathematical model,based on differential balances of mass and momentum,hasbeen developed to describe the two-phase flow of gas and liquid through the dropping zone of the blast fur-nace.Agreement between observed and calculated values verifies the validity of this model.On the basis of this model,various parameters for the surrounding of the dry zone of Blast FurnaceNo.I-BF of the Beijing Iron and Steel Company have been computed,from which a diagram for demar-cation of fluidization of coke and flooding of slag has been proposed.

Experimental study on prediction model of wet gas pressure drop across single-orifice plate in horizontal pipes in the low gas phase Froude number region

The pressure drop prediction of wet gas across single-orifice plate in horizontal pipes had been solved satisfactorily under an annular-mist flow in the upstream of orifice plates.However,this pressure drop prediction is still not clearly determined when the upstream is in an intermittent flow or stratified flow,which is corresponding to a region of low FrG(gas phase Froude number)in the flow pattern map of wet gases.In this study,the wet gas pressure drop across a single-orifice plate was experimentally investigated in the low FrG region.By the experiment,the flow pattern transition in the downstream of single-orifice plates,as well as the effects of FrG and FrL(liquid phase Froude number)on UG(gas phase multiplier),were determined and compared when the upstream is in the flow pattern transition and the stratified flow region,respectively.Prediction performances were examined on the available pressure drop models.It was found that no model could be capable of jointly predicting the wet gas pressure drop in the low FrG region with an acceptable accuracy.With a new method of correlating FrG and FrL simultaneously,new correlations were proposed for the low FrG region.Among which the modified Chisholm model shows the best prediction accuracies,with the prediction deviations of UG being within 7%and 3%when the upstream is in flow pattern transition and stratified flow region,respectively.

Improving Existing Drainage and Gas Recovery Technologies: An Experimental Study on the Wellbore Flow in a Horizontal Well

With the increasing number of horizontal wells with low pressure,low yield,and water production,the phenomenon of water and liquid accumulation in gas wells is becoming progressively more serious.In order to fix these issues,it is necessary to improve existing drainage and gas recovery technologies,increase the fluid carrying capacity of these wells,and ensure that the bottom-hole airflow has enough energy to transport the liquid to the wellhead.Among the many techniques of drainage and gas recovery,the gas lift has recently become a popular method.In the present study,through the simulation of the entire horizontal well,the flow regularity of the whole wellbore during the lift of low-pressure gas has been analyzed.The pressure distribution,liquid holdup rate,flow pattern,and energy loss(including gravity loss and friction loss)have been determined using the Beggs-brill approach.It has been found that the total pressure drop of the wellbore decreases first and increases gradually after reaching a minimum value when gas extraction is carried out via gas lift.Based on the analysis of the influence of the injection volume on wellbore pressure drop and the influence of flow pattern on the lifting efficiency,the optimal gas-lift injection parameters have been determined by taking the minimum pressure loss of wellbore as the judgment criterion.

Two-phase flow distributors for fuel cell flow channels

All existing proton exchange membrane （PEM） fuel cell gas flow fields have been designed on the basis of single-phase gas flow distribution. The presence of liquid water in the flow causes non-uniform gas distribution, leading to poor cell performance. This paper demonstrates that a gas flow restrictor/distributor, as is commonly used in two-phase flow to stabilize multiphase transport lines and multiphase reactors, can improve the gas flow distribution by significantly reducing gas real-distribution caused by either non-uniform water formation in parallel flow channels or flow instability associated with negative-slope pressure drop characteristic of two-phase horizontal flow systems.

气液混输管线间歇流动压降研究

间歇流动是水平混输管线的主要流动形式,压降是两相流动中的关键参数之一,对间歇流动压降进行了详细的实验研究和理论研究。实验工作是利用水-空气和油-空气作为介质在长约30 m、内径分别为50 mm和25 mm的管线上完成的。实验发现液相黏度越大,两相流动压降越大。气相表观速度或液相表观速度的增加都会使压降增大,但增加液相表观速度时压降增大幅度更大。管径对两相流动压降有很大的影响,这种影响与液相表观速度和液相黏度有关。液相表观速度越大,管径影响越大;液相黏度越小,管径影响越大。用常用的Lockhart-Martinelli模型进行了验证,该模型用于水-空气流动时比较准确,但对于油-空气流动,该模型计算结果偏差较大。提出了分相流模型的改进模型,该模型能更好地计算油-空气间歇流动压降。

地形起伏管路气液两相段塞流模型研究

段塞流是气液两相流动中的一种常见流型,由于地形原因,管路多处于起伏状态,而目前国内外对起伏诱发的气液两相管路段塞流研究尚不成熟。针对实际气液两相管路中频繁出现的地形起伏段塞流,首先利用历史数据对现有段塞流模型的适用性进行了比较,建立了地形起伏状态下段塞流的液塞追踪修正模型,最后利用FLUENT软件进行了模拟,研究了管路起伏诱发状况对段塞流段塞分布、拐角处持液率、液塞长度和压降的影响,并将模拟压降与计算压降进行对比,结果表明建立的模型具有一定的精度,对于实际的地形起伏诱发段塞流管道的安全高效运行有一定的指导意义。

辐照强度对太阳能集热蒸发器压降影响的研究

研究了辐照强度对太阳能集热蒸发器管道压降的影响,搭建了太阳能热泵热水实验测试平台,通过理论计算和实验测试,对比分析了辐照强度对太阳能集热蒸发器中制冷剂质量流量以及管道压降的影响。结果表明,太阳辐照强度越大,制冷剂气体质量流量越大,太阳能集热蒸发器中管道压降也越大。

起伏湿气管路持液率和压降计算模型

湿气集输管道在天然气开发中发挥着重要作用,如果湿气管道内存在积液,会导致能耗增加、腐蚀加剧和生成水合物等问题,但目前尚没有一个瞬态两相流模型能够准确地计算起伏湿气管道中的积液和压降规律。在已有的两相流双流体模型基础上,基于连续性方程和动量方程,建立了一种新的适用于起伏管路的瞬态两相流理论模型,并利用数值方法通过编制MATLAB程序实现对起伏湿气管道中持液率及压降等的计算。利用普光气田现场湿气集输管道的运行数据对模型进行了验证,并与多相流软件OLGA的模拟计算结果进行了对比。验证结果证明所建立的模型计算精度较高,持液率和压降的相对误差分别为±15%、±5.5%,可以应用于起伏湿气管道两相流的模拟。

非牛顿流体腈纶原液管道压力降计算

非牛顿流体广泛存在于石油化工生产过程中,非牛顿流体管道压力降与管道长度、管径、流速、黏度及管道粗糙度等有关。某装置腈纶原液为聚丙烯腈(PAN)固液两相溶液,黏度大,属于典型的非牛顿流体,该装置原液管道系统的管道压力降一直难以准确计算。通过查找文献,建立层流状态下腈纶原液的管道压力降计算方程,选择合适的管件当量长度进行管件压力降计算。以腈纶装置聚合单元原液抽出泵管道系统为例,详述了层流状态下采用幂律定律方程和动力黏度方程的腈纶原液管道压力降计算过程,将现场采样分析所得压力降数据与理论公式计算结果对比,对两者间偏差进行分析,给出合理的非牛顿流体腈纶原液管道系统压力降计算方案。

加氢反应气液两相流管路压降计算

炼油化工装置中,存在很多气液两相流管道,任何两相流的管道,都会比单向流时的流动存在很大偏差,从而影响压降的计算。对气液两相流管道压降计算的方法也经历了不同的阶段。加氢反应系统存在很多气液两相流管道,因此找到合适的计算方法是十分必要的。叙述了不同的两相流管道计算方法,选择计算误差更小的Dukler方法进行实例应用,这种方法现在应用的更多更符合工程实际计算结果。

管线系统的气—液两相流动压降

对于气-液两相流在水平管线、垂直管线内的的流动状态,流动压降计算,对于两种处理数据的模型:拟均相模型和分离流模型分别予以介绍。对分离流模型的发展与近况做了叙述,并用Visual Basic语言编制了程序"DPLST",免费推荐给读者使用。

管道气顶排空过程的压降计算方法

为了完善机动管道气液两相流的压降计算方法,为管道充气排液的设计提供理论依据,介绍了基于流型的水平管气液两相流压降计算方法,回顾总结了流型的划分方式,提出了流型划分中存在的问题;对均相流模型、飘移流模型、分相流模型进行了对比,介绍了有代表性的和近几年出现的与流型相关的压降计算方法;分析了机动管道充气排液工况中的常见流型以及流型和压降的变化趋势,排空的初始阶段为分层流,排空中间阶段分层流和段塞流同时存在,排空的最后阶段出现短暂的环状流。将排空管道分为纯气体段、气液混合段及纯液体段,建立了不同工况下的压降模型,并提出了机动管道气顶油排空中亟需解决的问题。