Stochastic simulation is an important means of acquiring fluctuating wind pressures for wind induced response analyses in structural engineering. The wind pressure acting on a large-span space structure can be charact...Stochastic simulation is an important means of acquiring fluctuating wind pressures for wind induced response analyses in structural engineering. The wind pressure acting on a large-span space structure can be characterized as a stationary non-Gaussian field. This paper reviews several simulation algorithms related to the Spectral Representation Method (SRM) and the Static Transformation Method (STM). Polynomial and Exponential transformation functions (PSTM and ESTM) are discussed. Deficiencies in current algorithms, with respect to accuracy, stability and efficiency, are analyzed, and the algorithms are improved for better practical application. In order to verify the improved algorithm, wind pressure fields on a large-span roof are simulated and compared with wind tunnel data. The simulation results fit well with the wind tunnel data, and the algorithm accuracy, stability and efficiency are shown to be better than those of current algorithms.展开更多
The one-dimensional titanium oxide(TiO_2) nanotubes(TONT) can be rationally fabricated in the fluoridecontaining electrolyte by electrochemical anodization. The high-speed growth of TONT for elongated nanotubes is hig...The one-dimensional titanium oxide(TiO_2) nanotubes(TONT) can be rationally fabricated in the fluoridecontaining electrolyte by electrochemical anodization. The high-speed growth of TONT for elongated nanotubes is highly desirable because the undesirable chemical etching will induce ‘‘nanograss" on the top of nanotubes and restrain the continued elongation of nanotubes. Herein, the external fields were employed to accelerate the growth of TONTs and obtain the elongated TONT arrays. A growth rate up to 18 lm/h was achieved under the presence of reduced pressure(0.07 MPa) and UV light(365 nm) stimulation. The generation of longer nanotube arrays could be attributed to the applied fields, which facilitate timely gas pumping out and induce chemical equilibrium shift forward. The TONT films obtained under different parameters were subsequently employed as anodes for photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting. The photocurrent(at 0 V vs Ag/Ag Cl) of TONT electrode obtained under external fields represented a 50% enhancement compared with the photoanode produced by the conventional method.展开更多
The vertical transport of mass at the top of the boundary layer is considered as a link between the boundary layer and free atmosphere.The adjustment of the wind and pressure fields in the boundary layer is studied un...The vertical transport of mass at the top of the boundary layer is considered as a link between the boundary layer and free atmosphere.The adjustment of the wind and pressure fields in the boundary layer is studied under the consideration of the interaction between the boundary layer and free atmosphere.The vertical motion at the top of the boundary layer is evaluated.The results show that the distinguished differ- ences of the present results from classical Ekman layer do exist and they are discussed in the paper.展开更多
Pressure fields of different sags in a petroliferous basin were significantly different,and it was related to hydrocarbon enrichment.Based on pressure data of different sags in Bohai Bay Basin,types of pressure field ...Pressure fields of different sags in a petroliferous basin were significantly different,and it was related to hydrocarbon enrichment.Based on pressure data of different sags in Bohai Bay Basin,types of pressure field and its distribution characteristics were well discussed,and relationships between overpressure and hydrocarbon generation,pressure field and hydrocarbon enrichment were also investigated.Results showed that the Paleogene pressure fields of different sags in Bohai Bay Basin could be divided into three types:normal pressure type,single overpressure type and double overpressure type.These three types of pressure fields had the zoned features in their distributions.The normal pressure fields were mostly distributed in peripheral sags of the basin,while the single overpressure fields were widespread in the basin,and the double overpressure fields were concentrated in the areas around the Bohai Sea.Hydrocarbon generation had a significant effect on overpressure formation,thus overpressure horizons generally were corresponded to major source rock horizons,and differences of filling evolution history and main hydrocarbon-generation strata of different sags might be important factors for the formation of these three types of pressure fields.Overpressure in source rock horizons was closely related to hydrocarbon enrichment.Horizontally,hydrocarbons were mainly distributed around the overpressure center,and the secondary migration distance of hydrocarbons was affected by the degree of overpressure.Vertically,hydrocarbon distributionwas controlled by the type of pressure fields.Hydrocarbons in the normal pressure sags were mainly enriched in the major hydrocarbon-generation horizons and their adjacent horizons,hydrocarbons in the single overpressure sags were mainly distributed in the hydrocarbon-generation horizons and its upper and lower horizons,while in the double overpressure sags,the hydrocarbon enrichment degree in Neogene was high.Hydrocarbon enrichment in sags was controlled by the degree of overpressure in hydrocarbon-generation horizons,and these oil-rich sags had relatively large overpressure degree.展开更多
The characteristics of low pressure plasma produced by a gas discharges lie in thatthe energy of the electrons are much higher than that of the heavy particles in the system. Inthis paperl the low-pressure plasma trea...The characteristics of low pressure plasma produced by a gas discharges lie in thatthe energy of the electrons are much higher than that of the heavy particles in the system. Inthis paperl the low-pressure plasma treatment technology for the environmental contaminantswas synthetically studied, and the reaction processing and mechanism between the low-pressureplasma and the environmental contaminants were theoretically analyzed. At last, the prospectsand existing problems on the application of low-pressure plasma in the field of environmentalprotection were discussed.展开更多
Based on a series of numerical calculations, the behavior of flow field in obstructed square buoyant vertical jet is summarized and analyzed. Based on the axial line velocity distribution, the flow after the disc can ...Based on a series of numerical calculations, the behavior of flow field in obstructed square buoyant vertical jet is summarized and analyzed. Based on the axial line velocity distribution, the flow after the disc can be divided into three regions, i.e., recirculation region, transitional region and self-similar region The characteristic of selfsimilarity of upright velocity was validated. The three regions can also be distinguished based on the axial velocity. The axial velocity in self-similar region was found to obey the same law and the formula presented by introducing the velocity expression used by Chen and Rodi. The isolines of pressure on cross-sections of different heights were displayed and the production, expansion, breaking and disappearing of negative pressure regions were found.展开更多
The data from regional geology, boreholes, geophysics and tests are integrated to analyze the fluid dynamic field in the Bozhong depression, Bohai Bay basin. The current geothermal gradient is determined to be about ...The data from regional geology, boreholes, geophysics and tests are integrated to analyze the fluid dynamic field in the Bozhong depression, Bohai Bay basin. The current geothermal gradient is determined to be about 2.95 /100 m by integrating 266 drill-stem test (DST) measurements and comparing with the global average value. The paleogeothermal gradients are calculated from the homogenization temperatures of saline inclusions, which vary both laterally and vertically. The data from sonic logs, well tests and seismic velocities are used to investigate the pressure variations in the study area. The mudstone compaction is classified as three major types: normal compaction and normal pressure, under-compaction and overpressure, and past-compaction and under-overpressure. The current pressure profile is characterized by normal pressure, sight pressure and intense overpressure from top to bottom The faults, unconformity surfaces and interconnecting pores constitute a complex network of vertical and horizontal fluid flows within the depression. The fluid potential energy profiles present a 'double-deck' structure. The depocenters are the area of fluids supply, whereas the slopes and uplifts are the main areas of fluids charge.展开更多
Considering the complicated interactions between temperature,pressure and hydration reaction of cement,a coupled model of temperature and pressure based on hydration kinetics during deep-water well cementing was estab...Considering the complicated interactions between temperature,pressure and hydration reaction of cement,a coupled model of temperature and pressure based on hydration kinetics during deep-water well cementing was established.The differential method was used to do the coupled numerical calculation,and the calculation results were compared with experimental and field data to verify the accuracy of the model.When the interactions between temperature,pressure and hydration reaction are considered,the calculation accuracy of the model proposed is within 5.6%,which can meet the engineering requirements.A series of numerical simulation was conducted to find out the variation pattern of temperature,pressure and hydration degree during the cement curing.The research results show that cement temperature increases dramatically as a result of the heat of cement hydration.With the development of cement gel strength,the pore pressure of cement slurry decreases gradually to even lower than the formation pressure,causing gas channeling;the transient temperature and pressure have an impact on the rate of cement hydration reaction,so cement slurry in the deeper part of wellbore has a higher rate of hydration rate as a result of the high temperature and pressure.For well cementing in deep water regions,the low temperature around seabed would slow the rate of cement hydration and thus prolong the cementing cycle.展开更多
This paper presents an investigation on the characteristics of overlying strata collapse and mining-induced pressure in fault-influenced zone by employing the physical modeling in consideration of fault structure. The...This paper presents an investigation on the characteristics of overlying strata collapse and mining-induced pressure in fault-influenced zone by employing the physical modeling in consideration of fault structure. The precursory information of fault slip during the underground mining activities is studied as well. Based on the physical modeling, the optimization of roadway support design and the field verification in fault-influenced zone are conducted. Physical modeling results show that, due to the combined effect of mining activities and fault slip, the mining-induced pressure and the extent of damaged rock masses in the fault-influenced zone are greater than those in the uninfluenced zone. The sharp increase and the succeeding stabilization of stress or steady increase in displacement can be identified as the precursory information of fault slip. Considering the larger mining-induced pressure in the fault-influenced zone, the new support design utilizing cables is proposed. The optimization of roadway support design suggests that the cables can be anchored in the stable surrounding rocks and can effectively mobilize the load bearing capacity of the stable surrounding rocks. The field observation indicates that the roadway is in good condition with the optimized roadway support design.展开更多
AIM:To compare the corneal biomechanical properties difference by ocular response analyzer(ORA) in normal tension glaucoma(NTG) patients with different visual field(VF) progression speed. METHODS:NTG patients ...AIM:To compare the corneal biomechanical properties difference by ocular response analyzer(ORA) in normal tension glaucoma(NTG) patients with different visual field(VF) progression speed. METHODS:NTG patients with well-controlled Goldmann applanation tonometer(GAT) who routinely consulted Kitasato University Hospital Glaucoma Department between January 2010 and February 2014 were enrolled.GAT and ORA parameters including corneal compensated intraocular pressure(lOPcc),Goldmann estimated intraocular pressure(lOPg),corneal hysteresis(CH),corneal resistance factor(CRF) were recorded.VF was tested by Swedish interactive threshold algorithm(SITA)-standard 30-2 fields.All patients underwent VF measurement regularly and GAT did not exceed 15 mm Hg at any time during the 3y follow up.Patients were divided into four groups according to VF change over 3y,and ORA findings were compared between the upper 25th percentile group(slow progression group) and the lower 25th percentile group(rapid progression group).RESULTS:Eighty-two eyes of 56 patients were studied.There were 21 eyes(21 patients) each in rapid and slow progression groups respectively.GAT,lOPcc,lOPg,CH,CRF were 12.1+1.4 mm Hg,15.8±1.8 mm Hg,12.8±2.0 mm Hg,8.4±1.1 mm Hg,7.9±1.3 mm Hg respectively in rapid progression group and 11.5±1.3 mm Hg,13.5±2.1 mm Hg,11.2±1.6 mm Hg,9.3±1.1 mm Hg,8.2±0.9 mm Hg respectively in slow progression group(P=0.214,〈0.001,0.007,0.017,0.413,respectively).In bivariate correlation analysis,lOPcc,lOPcc-GAT and CH were significant correlated with m△MD(r =-0.292,-0.312,0.228 respectively,P =0.008,0.004,0.039 respectively).CONCLUSION:Relatively rapid VF progression occurred in NTG patients whose lOPcc are rather high,CH are rather low and the difference between lOPcc and GAT are relatively large.Higher lOPcc and lower CH are associated with VF progression in NTG patients.This study suggests that GAT measures might underestimate the IOP in such patients.展开更多
Accurate aerodynamic distribution perception and real-time flight state evaluation are crucial for flight safety,e.g.,stall detection.However,the observations are usually sparse due to limitations in sensor mounting s...Accurate aerodynamic distribution perception and real-time flight state evaluation are crucial for flight safety,e.g.,stall detection.However,the observations are usually sparse due to limitations in sensor mounting space and cost,and a reconstruction technology is urgently required.Herein,a machine learning-assisted assimilation method based on sparse observations has been proposed.Different from the traditional reconstruction methods focusing on boundary condition correction,the proposed method formulates the flow field pressure distribution as a linear superposition of flow field modes,thereby forming a real-time reconstruction pattern that combines offline modal extraction using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)with real-time determination of modal weights using a neural network.In this study,CFD simulations were conducted under 800different operating conditions for common modal extraction and model training.The weights of these modes were determined online based on merely five observations for reconstructing the full pressure field.A pressure reconstruction with a relative error of 6.1%and a mean square error of 0.003 was achieved within the prescribed condition range.The computational cost was just2 ms for each reconstruction run,significantly faster than the 20 min required by the classical reconstruction ensemble transform Kalman filter.It also showed that the method maintains almost the same accuracy amidst 1.5%measurement noise.As practical examples,shock waves and the change of lift coefficient were analyzed using the proposed method,providing remarkable evidence for the capability of the method in supporting stall detection.These validate the method’s effectiveness and explore its potential in real-time and accurate monitoring of an aircraft.展开更多
The intensification of physicochemical processes in the sonochemical reactor chamber is widely used in problems of synthesis,extraction and separation.One of the most important mechanisms at play in such processes is ...The intensification of physicochemical processes in the sonochemical reactor chamber is widely used in problems of synthesis,extraction and separation.One of the most important mechanisms at play in such processes is the acoustic cavitation due to the non-uniform distribution of acoustic pressure in the chamber.Cavitation has a strong impact on the surface degradation mechanisms.In this work,a numerical calculation of the acoustic pressure distribution inside the reactor chamber was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics.The numerical results have revealed the dependence of the structure of the acoustic pressure field on the boundary conditions for various thicknesses of the piezoelectric transducer.In particular,the amplitude of the acoustic pressure is minimal in the case of absorbing boundaries,and the attenuation becomes more significant as the thickness of the piezoelectric transducer increases.In addition,reflective boundaries play a significant role in the formation and distribution of zones of maximum cavitation activity.展开更多
The placement of pressure taps on the surface of the wind tunnel test model is an important means toobtain the surface pressure distribution.However,limited by space location and experimental cost,it isdifficult to ar...The placement of pressure taps on the surface of the wind tunnel test model is an important means toobtain the surface pressure distribution.However,limited by space location and experimental cost,it isdifficult to arrange enough pressure measuring taps on the surface of complex models to obtain completepressure distribution information,thus it is impossible to obtain accurate lift and moment characteristicsthrough integration.The paper proposes a refined reconstruction method of airfoil surface pressure basedon compressed sensing,which can reconstruct the pressure distribution with high precision with lesspressure measurement data.Tests on typical airfoil subsonic flow around flow show that the accuracyof lift and moment after the pressure integration reconstructed by 4-8 measuring points can meet therequirements of the national military standard.The algorithm is robust to noise,and provides a new ideafor obtaining accurate force data from sparse surface pressure tests in engineering.展开更多
A streamwise vorticity equation is derived in generalized natural coordinates. This equation reveals that the total change and local change of the streamwise vorticity are mainly determined by the curvature of streaml...A streamwise vorticity equation is derived in generalized natural coordinates. This equation reveals that the total change and local change of the streamwise vorticity are mainly determined by the curvature of streamline, unsteady feature of streamline and magnitude of velocity. This equation enables the study of mesoscale or small-scale systems since the term associated with pressure gradient force in the original vorticity equation is replaced by terms associated with streamlines and wind speed. With this modification the wind field rather than the pressure field is used in the calculation considering that 1) the pressure field is to adapt wind field. 2) Smoother and more consecutive streamline pattern is easier to obtain either by data analysis or by the numerical simulation. From this sense, this present study suggests the application of this equation to studying the evolution of severe storm system as well as other simplified cases. Key words Wind field instead of pressure field - Generalized natural coordinate - Streamwise vorticity This work was supported by the project on the study of the formative mechanism and predictive theory of the significant climate and weather disaster in China under Grant G 1998040907 and by the key project on the Dynamic Study of Severe Mesoscale Covective Systems sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 49735180.展开更多
The electro-hydraulic servo drive hydraulic cylinder has many unique advantages, such as fast response, high load stiffness, high control power, strong anti-eccentric load ability and so on, so it has been widely used...The electro-hydraulic servo drive hydraulic cylinder has many unique advantages, such as fast response, high load stiffness, high control power, strong anti-eccentric load ability and so on, so it has been widely used in industrial control. Based on the guide sleeve of hydrostatic seal of hydraulic cylinder, the reasonable number of oil chamber of guide sleeve is studied in this paper. ICEM CFD software and FLUENT simulation software are used to calculate and analyze the number of different oil chambers of guide sleeve of hydrostatic seal. The temperature field of piston rod with different moving speed, different initial pressure of oil chamber and oil film under different number of oil chambers is analyzed. The relationship between the pressure field and temperature field provides a better basis for optimizing the design of hydrostatic guide sleeve and helps to improve the servo drive cylinder.展开更多
(Bi_2Te_3)_(0.2)(Sb_2Te_3)_(0.8) thermoelectric material was sintered via a field activated and pressure assisted sintering(FAPAS) process.By applying different current intensity(0,60,320 A/cm^2) in the si...(Bi_2Te_3)_(0.2)(Sb_2Te_3)_(0.8) thermoelectric material was sintered via a field activated and pressure assisted sintering(FAPAS) process.By applying different current intensity(0,60,320 A/cm^2) in the sintering process,the effects of electric current on the microstructure and thermoelectric performance were investigated.This demonstrated that the application of electric current in the sintering process could significantly improve the uniformity and density of(Bi_2Te_3)_(0.2)(Sb_2Te_3)_(0.8) samples.When the current intensity was raised to 320 A/cm^2,the preferred orientation of grains was observed.Moreover,positive effects on the thermoelectric performance of applying electric current in the sintering process were also confirmed.An increase of 0.02 and 0.11 in the maximum figure of merit ZT value could be acquired by applying current of 60 and 320 A/cm^2,respectively.展开更多
Applying the wavenumber frequency transfer function to describe the whole system including tht elastic cylindrical shell and the fluid loading, a general expression of the cross spectrum of the interior noise induced ...Applying the wavenumber frequency transfer function to describe the whole system including tht elastic cylindrical shell and the fluid loading, a general expression of the cross spectrum of the interior noise induced by the TBL (turbulent boundary layer) pressure fiuctuations is derived. There are two production mechanisms of the noise: one is direct transfer of the convective ridge of the pressure fluctuations through the shell, the other is the reradiation of resonance modes excited by the pressure fluctuations. At low frequencies the noise produced by the latter mechanism is dominant. Solving the frequency equation of the cylindrical shell with liquid loading, the two Stoneley-type poles in the complex K plane are presented. They are the major sources of the reradiation of shell at low frequencies. Finally, effects of the shell radius, shell thickness, absorption of material and the flow speeds on the noise reduction are computed by numerical iniegration.展开更多
Finite hydrophone and hydrophone array are the wave vector filter and can re-duce the flow noise. In this paper the responses of the cylindrical area hydrophone and two-circular area hydrophone within viscoelastic cyl...Finite hydrophone and hydrophone array are the wave vector filter and can re-duce the flow noise. In this paper the responses of the cylindrical area hydrophone and two-circular area hydrophone within viscoelastic cylindrical shell to the TBL (turbulent boundary layer) pressure fluctuations are investigated. Applying the method based on the wavenumber frequency spectrum analysis, the expressions of 1) the noise power spectrum of a single hy-drophone; 2) the space correlation of two hydrophones; 3) the noise power spectrum of array are derived. The dependencies of the noise reduction on hydrophone shape, dimension, element amount and separation of hydrophones of array are calculated by numerical integration. The wide-band and narrow-band correlation for two hydrophones is also calculated. The numerical results show that hydrophone array can effectively reduce the interior noise.展开更多
As a new jet technology developed in recent years, the supercritical carbon dioxide(SC-CO2) jet technology enjoys many advantages when applied in oil and gas explorations. In order to study the properties and parame...As a new jet technology developed in recent years, the supercritical carbon dioxide(SC-CO2) jet technology enjoys many advantages when applied in oil and gas explorations. In order to study the properties and parametric influences of the SC-CO2 jet, the flow fields of the SC-CO2 jet are simulated using the computational fluid dynamics method. The flow field of the SC-CO2 is compared with that of the water jet. The influences of several parameters on the flow field of the SC-CO2 jet are studied. It is indicated that like the water jet, the velocity and the pressure of the SC-CO2 jet could be converted to each other, and the SC-CO2 jet can generate a significant impact pressure on the wall, the SC-CO2 jet has a stronger impact pressure and a higher velocity than those of the water jet under the same conditions, the maximum velocity and the impact pressure of the SC-CO2 jet increase with the increase of the nozzle pressure drop, under the stimulation condition of this study, the influence of the SC-CO2 temperature on the impact pressure can be neglected in engineering applications, while the maximum velocity of the SC-CO2 jet increases with the increase of the fluid temperature. This paper theoretically explores the properties of the SC-CO2 jet flow field, and the results might provide a theoretical basis for the application of the SC-CO2 jet in oil and gas well drillings and fracturing stimulations.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51278160,51478155,51378147
文摘Stochastic simulation is an important means of acquiring fluctuating wind pressures for wind induced response analyses in structural engineering. The wind pressure acting on a large-span space structure can be characterized as a stationary non-Gaussian field. This paper reviews several simulation algorithms related to the Spectral Representation Method (SRM) and the Static Transformation Method (STM). Polynomial and Exponential transformation functions (PSTM and ESTM) are discussed. Deficiencies in current algorithms, with respect to accuracy, stability and efficiency, are analyzed, and the algorithms are improved for better practical application. In order to verify the improved algorithm, wind pressure fields on a large-span roof are simulated and compared with wind tunnel data. The simulation results fit well with the wind tunnel data, and the algorithm accuracy, stability and efficiency are shown to be better than those of current algorithms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61622407,61474128,21503261 and 61504155)Science&Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(14JC1492900)+3 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2013302)the CAS President’s International Fellowship for Visiting Scientists(2016TW1GA0001)the Youth Innovation Fund for Interdisciplinary Research of SARI(Y526453233)Development Fund for Information communication and integrated circuit technology public service platform(No.2016-14)supported by Zhangjiang Administrative Committee
文摘The one-dimensional titanium oxide(TiO_2) nanotubes(TONT) can be rationally fabricated in the fluoridecontaining electrolyte by electrochemical anodization. The high-speed growth of TONT for elongated nanotubes is highly desirable because the undesirable chemical etching will induce ‘‘nanograss" on the top of nanotubes and restrain the continued elongation of nanotubes. Herein, the external fields were employed to accelerate the growth of TONTs and obtain the elongated TONT arrays. A growth rate up to 18 lm/h was achieved under the presence of reduced pressure(0.07 MPa) and UV light(365 nm) stimulation. The generation of longer nanotube arrays could be attributed to the applied fields, which facilitate timely gas pumping out and induce chemical equilibrium shift forward. The TONT films obtained under different parameters were subsequently employed as anodes for photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting. The photocurrent(at 0 V vs Ag/Ag Cl) of TONT electrode obtained under external fields represented a 50% enhancement compared with the photoanode produced by the conventional method.
文摘The vertical transport of mass at the top of the boundary layer is considered as a link between the boundary layer and free atmosphere.The adjustment of the wind and pressure fields in the boundary layer is studied under the consideration of the interaction between the boundary layer and free atmosphere.The vertical motion at the top of the boundary layer is evaluated.The results show that the distinguished differ- ences of the present results from classical Ekman layer do exist and they are discussed in the paper.
基金The work was supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2011ZX05006-003)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41372132).
文摘Pressure fields of different sags in a petroliferous basin were significantly different,and it was related to hydrocarbon enrichment.Based on pressure data of different sags in Bohai Bay Basin,types of pressure field and its distribution characteristics were well discussed,and relationships between overpressure and hydrocarbon generation,pressure field and hydrocarbon enrichment were also investigated.Results showed that the Paleogene pressure fields of different sags in Bohai Bay Basin could be divided into three types:normal pressure type,single overpressure type and double overpressure type.These three types of pressure fields had the zoned features in their distributions.The normal pressure fields were mostly distributed in peripheral sags of the basin,while the single overpressure fields were widespread in the basin,and the double overpressure fields were concentrated in the areas around the Bohai Sea.Hydrocarbon generation had a significant effect on overpressure formation,thus overpressure horizons generally were corresponded to major source rock horizons,and differences of filling evolution history and main hydrocarbon-generation strata of different sags might be important factors for the formation of these three types of pressure fields.Overpressure in source rock horizons was closely related to hydrocarbon enrichment.Horizontally,hydrocarbons were mainly distributed around the overpressure center,and the secondary migration distance of hydrocarbons was affected by the degree of overpressure.Vertically,hydrocarbon distributionwas controlled by the type of pressure fields.Hydrocarbons in the normal pressure sags were mainly enriched in the major hydrocarbon-generation horizons and their adjacent horizons,hydrocarbons in the single overpressure sags were mainly distributed in the hydrocarbon-generation horizons and its upper and lower horizons,while in the double overpressure sags,the hydrocarbon enrichment degree in Neogene was high.Hydrocarbon enrichment in sags was controlled by the degree of overpressure in hydrocarbon-generation horizons,and these oil-rich sags had relatively large overpressure degree.
文摘The characteristics of low pressure plasma produced by a gas discharges lie in thatthe energy of the electrons are much higher than that of the heavy particles in the system. Inthis paperl the low-pressure plasma treatment technology for the environmental contaminantswas synthetically studied, and the reaction processing and mechanism between the low-pressureplasma and the environmental contaminants were theoretically analyzed. At last, the prospectsand existing problems on the application of low-pressure plasma in the field of environmentalprotection were discussed.
基金Project supported by the Planned Item for Excellent Young Teachers Invested by Education Ministry of China (No.2003-99)
文摘Based on a series of numerical calculations, the behavior of flow field in obstructed square buoyant vertical jet is summarized and analyzed. Based on the axial line velocity distribution, the flow after the disc can be divided into three regions, i.e., recirculation region, transitional region and self-similar region The characteristic of selfsimilarity of upright velocity was validated. The three regions can also be distinguished based on the axial velocity. The axial velocity in self-similar region was found to obey the same law and the formula presented by introducing the velocity expression used by Chen and Rodi. The isolines of pressure on cross-sections of different heights were displayed and the production, expansion, breaking and disappearing of negative pressure regions were found.
基金he Foundation for University KeyTeacher by the Ministry of Education, China (GG-170-10491-1460).
文摘The data from regional geology, boreholes, geophysics and tests are integrated to analyze the fluid dynamic field in the Bozhong depression, Bohai Bay basin. The current geothermal gradient is determined to be about 2.95 /100 m by integrating 266 drill-stem test (DST) measurements and comparing with the global average value. The paleogeothermal gradients are calculated from the homogenization temperatures of saline inclusions, which vary both laterally and vertically. The data from sonic logs, well tests and seismic velocities are used to investigate the pressure variations in the study area. The mudstone compaction is classified as three major types: normal compaction and normal pressure, under-compaction and overpressure, and past-compaction and under-overpressure. The current pressure profile is characterized by normal pressure, sight pressure and intense overpressure from top to bottom The faults, unconformity surfaces and interconnecting pores constitute a complex network of vertical and horizontal fluid flows within the depression. The fluid potential energy profiles present a 'double-deck' structure. The depocenters are the area of fluids supply, whereas the slopes and uplifts are the main areas of fluids charge.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1762216)China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05028-001-03)
文摘Considering the complicated interactions between temperature,pressure and hydration reaction of cement,a coupled model of temperature and pressure based on hydration kinetics during deep-water well cementing was established.The differential method was used to do the coupled numerical calculation,and the calculation results were compared with experimental and field data to verify the accuracy of the model.When the interactions between temperature,pressure and hydration reaction are considered,the calculation accuracy of the model proposed is within 5.6%,which can meet the engineering requirements.A series of numerical simulation was conducted to find out the variation pattern of temperature,pressure and hydration degree during the cement curing.The research results show that cement temperature increases dramatically as a result of the heat of cement hydration.With the development of cement gel strength,the pore pressure of cement slurry decreases gradually to even lower than the formation pressure,causing gas channeling;the transient temperature and pressure have an impact on the rate of cement hydration reaction,so cement slurry in the deeper part of wellbore has a higher rate of hydration rate as a result of the high temperature and pressure.For well cementing in deep water regions,the low temperature around seabed would slow the rate of cement hydration and thus prolong the cementing cycle.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41502184)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2164067)+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program(No.2016YFC0801401)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2014QL01)Innovation Training Programs for Undergraduate Students(Nos.201411413054 and SKLCRSM14CXJH08)
文摘This paper presents an investigation on the characteristics of overlying strata collapse and mining-induced pressure in fault-influenced zone by employing the physical modeling in consideration of fault structure. The precursory information of fault slip during the underground mining activities is studied as well. Based on the physical modeling, the optimization of roadway support design and the field verification in fault-influenced zone are conducted. Physical modeling results show that, due to the combined effect of mining activities and fault slip, the mining-induced pressure and the extent of damaged rock masses in the fault-influenced zone are greater than those in the uninfluenced zone. The sharp increase and the succeeding stabilization of stress or steady increase in displacement can be identified as the precursory information of fault slip. Considering the larger mining-induced pressure in the fault-influenced zone, the new support design utilizing cables is proposed. The optimization of roadway support design suggests that the cables can be anchored in the stable surrounding rocks and can effectively mobilize the load bearing capacity of the stable surrounding rocks. The field observation indicates that the roadway is in good condition with the optimized roadway support design.
文摘AIM:To compare the corneal biomechanical properties difference by ocular response analyzer(ORA) in normal tension glaucoma(NTG) patients with different visual field(VF) progression speed. METHODS:NTG patients with well-controlled Goldmann applanation tonometer(GAT) who routinely consulted Kitasato University Hospital Glaucoma Department between January 2010 and February 2014 were enrolled.GAT and ORA parameters including corneal compensated intraocular pressure(lOPcc),Goldmann estimated intraocular pressure(lOPg),corneal hysteresis(CH),corneal resistance factor(CRF) were recorded.VF was tested by Swedish interactive threshold algorithm(SITA)-standard 30-2 fields.All patients underwent VF measurement regularly and GAT did not exceed 15 mm Hg at any time during the 3y follow up.Patients were divided into four groups according to VF change over 3y,and ORA findings were compared between the upper 25th percentile group(slow progression group) and the lower 25th percentile group(rapid progression group).RESULTS:Eighty-two eyes of 56 patients were studied.There were 21 eyes(21 patients) each in rapid and slow progression groups respectively.GAT,lOPcc,lOPg,CH,CRF were 12.1+1.4 mm Hg,15.8±1.8 mm Hg,12.8±2.0 mm Hg,8.4±1.1 mm Hg,7.9±1.3 mm Hg respectively in rapid progression group and 11.5±1.3 mm Hg,13.5±2.1 mm Hg,11.2±1.6 mm Hg,9.3±1.1 mm Hg,8.2±0.9 mm Hg respectively in slow progression group(P=0.214,〈0.001,0.007,0.017,0.413,respectively).In bivariate correlation analysis,lOPcc,lOPcc-GAT and CH were significant correlated with m△MD(r =-0.292,-0.312,0.228 respectively,P =0.008,0.004,0.039 respectively).CONCLUSION:Relatively rapid VF progression occurred in NTG patients whose lOPcc are rather high,CH are rather low and the difference between lOPcc and GAT are relatively large.Higher lOPcc and lower CH are associated with VF progression in NTG patients.This study suggests that GAT measures might underestimate the IOP in such patients.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3200700)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52175510,51925503,and 52188102)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2023AFA085)。
文摘Accurate aerodynamic distribution perception and real-time flight state evaluation are crucial for flight safety,e.g.,stall detection.However,the observations are usually sparse due to limitations in sensor mounting space and cost,and a reconstruction technology is urgently required.Herein,a machine learning-assisted assimilation method based on sparse observations has been proposed.Different from the traditional reconstruction methods focusing on boundary condition correction,the proposed method formulates the flow field pressure distribution as a linear superposition of flow field modes,thereby forming a real-time reconstruction pattern that combines offline modal extraction using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)with real-time determination of modal weights using a neural network.In this study,CFD simulations were conducted under 800different operating conditions for common modal extraction and model training.The weights of these modes were determined online based on merely five observations for reconstructing the full pressure field.A pressure reconstruction with a relative error of 6.1%and a mean square error of 0.003 was achieved within the prescribed condition range.The computational cost was just2 ms for each reconstruction run,significantly faster than the 20 min required by the classical reconstruction ensemble transform Kalman filter.It also showed that the method maintains almost the same accuracy amidst 1.5%measurement noise.As practical examples,shock waves and the change of lift coefficient were analyzed using the proposed method,providing remarkable evidence for the capability of the method in supporting stall detection.These validate the method’s effectiveness and explore its potential in real-time and accurate monitoring of an aircraft.
文摘The intensification of physicochemical processes in the sonochemical reactor chamber is widely used in problems of synthesis,extraction and separation.One of the most important mechanisms at play in such processes is the acoustic cavitation due to the non-uniform distribution of acoustic pressure in the chamber.Cavitation has a strong impact on the surface degradation mechanisms.In this work,a numerical calculation of the acoustic pressure distribution inside the reactor chamber was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics.The numerical results have revealed the dependence of the structure of the acoustic pressure field on the boundary conditions for various thicknesses of the piezoelectric transducer.In particular,the amplitude of the acoustic pressure is minimal in the case of absorbing boundaries,and the attenuation becomes more significant as the thickness of the piezoelectric transducer increases.In addition,reflective boundaries play a significant role in the formation and distribution of zones of maximum cavitation activity.
基金by the foundation of National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerodynamic Design and Research(Grant 614220119040101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 91852115 and 12072282)+1 种基金the National Numerical Wind tunnel Project(Grant NNW2018-ZT1B01)the Seed Foundation of Innovation and Creation for Graduate Student in Northwestern Polytechnical University(Grant CX2020195).
文摘The placement of pressure taps on the surface of the wind tunnel test model is an important means toobtain the surface pressure distribution.However,limited by space location and experimental cost,it isdifficult to arrange enough pressure measuring taps on the surface of complex models to obtain completepressure distribution information,thus it is impossible to obtain accurate lift and moment characteristicsthrough integration.The paper proposes a refined reconstruction method of airfoil surface pressure basedon compressed sensing,which can reconstruct the pressure distribution with high precision with lesspressure measurement data.Tests on typical airfoil subsonic flow around flow show that the accuracyof lift and moment after the pressure integration reconstructed by 4-8 measuring points can meet therequirements of the national military standard.The algorithm is robust to noise,and provides a new ideafor obtaining accurate force data from sparse surface pressure tests in engineering.
文摘A streamwise vorticity equation is derived in generalized natural coordinates. This equation reveals that the total change and local change of the streamwise vorticity are mainly determined by the curvature of streamline, unsteady feature of streamline and magnitude of velocity. This equation enables the study of mesoscale or small-scale systems since the term associated with pressure gradient force in the original vorticity equation is replaced by terms associated with streamlines and wind speed. With this modification the wind field rather than the pressure field is used in the calculation considering that 1) the pressure field is to adapt wind field. 2) Smoother and more consecutive streamline pattern is easier to obtain either by data analysis or by the numerical simulation. From this sense, this present study suggests the application of this equation to studying the evolution of severe storm system as well as other simplified cases. Key words Wind field instead of pressure field - Generalized natural coordinate - Streamwise vorticity This work was supported by the project on the study of the formative mechanism and predictive theory of the significant climate and weather disaster in China under Grant G 1998040907 and by the key project on the Dynamic Study of Severe Mesoscale Covective Systems sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 49735180.
基金supported by the National 863 Project(2011AA040701)
文摘The electro-hydraulic servo drive hydraulic cylinder has many unique advantages, such as fast response, high load stiffness, high control power, strong anti-eccentric load ability and so on, so it has been widely used in industrial control. Based on the guide sleeve of hydrostatic seal of hydraulic cylinder, the reasonable number of oil chamber of guide sleeve is studied in this paper. ICEM CFD software and FLUENT simulation software are used to calculate and analyze the number of different oil chambers of guide sleeve of hydrostatic seal. The temperature field of piston rod with different moving speed, different initial pressure of oil chamber and oil film under different number of oil chambers is analyzed. The relationship between the pressure field and temperature field provides a better basis for optimizing the design of hydrostatic guide sleeve and helps to improve the servo drive cylinder.
基金Project support by the National Research Program of China(No.50975190)
文摘(Bi_2Te_3)_(0.2)(Sb_2Te_3)_(0.8) thermoelectric material was sintered via a field activated and pressure assisted sintering(FAPAS) process.By applying different current intensity(0,60,320 A/cm^2) in the sintering process,the effects of electric current on the microstructure and thermoelectric performance were investigated.This demonstrated that the application of electric current in the sintering process could significantly improve the uniformity and density of(Bi_2Te_3)_(0.2)(Sb_2Te_3)_(0.8) samples.When the current intensity was raised to 320 A/cm^2,the preferred orientation of grains was observed.Moreover,positive effects on the thermoelectric performance of applying electric current in the sintering process were also confirmed.An increase of 0.02 and 0.11 in the maximum figure of merit ZT value could be acquired by applying current of 60 and 320 A/cm^2,respectively.
文摘Applying the wavenumber frequency transfer function to describe the whole system including tht elastic cylindrical shell and the fluid loading, a general expression of the cross spectrum of the interior noise induced by the TBL (turbulent boundary layer) pressure fiuctuations is derived. There are two production mechanisms of the noise: one is direct transfer of the convective ridge of the pressure fluctuations through the shell, the other is the reradiation of resonance modes excited by the pressure fluctuations. At low frequencies the noise produced by the latter mechanism is dominant. Solving the frequency equation of the cylindrical shell with liquid loading, the two Stoneley-type poles in the complex K plane are presented. They are the major sources of the reradiation of shell at low frequencies. Finally, effects of the shell radius, shell thickness, absorption of material and the flow speeds on the noise reduction are computed by numerical iniegration.
文摘Finite hydrophone and hydrophone array are the wave vector filter and can re-duce the flow noise. In this paper the responses of the cylindrical area hydrophone and two-circular area hydrophone within viscoelastic cylindrical shell to the TBL (turbulent boundary layer) pressure fluctuations are investigated. Applying the method based on the wavenumber frequency spectrum analysis, the expressions of 1) the noise power spectrum of a single hy-drophone; 2) the space correlation of two hydrophones; 3) the noise power spectrum of array are derived. The dependencies of the noise reduction on hydrophone shape, dimension, element amount and separation of hydrophones of array are calculated by numerical integration. The wide-band and narrow-band correlation for two hydrophones is also calculated. The numerical results show that hydrophone array can effectively reduce the interior noise.
基金Project supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Program of China(973 Program,Grant No.2014CB239203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51304226)
文摘As a new jet technology developed in recent years, the supercritical carbon dioxide(SC-CO2) jet technology enjoys many advantages when applied in oil and gas explorations. In order to study the properties and parametric influences of the SC-CO2 jet, the flow fields of the SC-CO2 jet are simulated using the computational fluid dynamics method. The flow field of the SC-CO2 is compared with that of the water jet. The influences of several parameters on the flow field of the SC-CO2 jet are studied. It is indicated that like the water jet, the velocity and the pressure of the SC-CO2 jet could be converted to each other, and the SC-CO2 jet can generate a significant impact pressure on the wall, the SC-CO2 jet has a stronger impact pressure and a higher velocity than those of the water jet under the same conditions, the maximum velocity and the impact pressure of the SC-CO2 jet increase with the increase of the nozzle pressure drop, under the stimulation condition of this study, the influence of the SC-CO2 temperature on the impact pressure can be neglected in engineering applications, while the maximum velocity of the SC-CO2 jet increases with the increase of the fluid temperature. This paper theoretically explores the properties of the SC-CO2 jet flow field, and the results might provide a theoretical basis for the application of the SC-CO2 jet in oil and gas well drillings and fracturing stimulations.