Early Intratracheal Administration of Corticosteroid and Pulmonary Surfactant for Preventing Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants with Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Meta-analysis

There is uncertain result with regard to the use of inhalation or instillation steroids to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants. This meta-analysis was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of early airway administration (within 2 days after birth) of corticosteroids and pulmonary surfactant (PS) for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). The related studies were retrieved in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Clinical Trial, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP Database from inception to August 2018. Two reviewers independently screened the studies to ensure that all patients with diagnosis of NRDS were enrolled to studies within 1 day after birth, assessed the quality of included studies by GRADEpro system and extracted the data for review. The meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.2 software. A subgroup analysis about inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) delivery method was made between ICS inhalation subgroup [inhalation of ICS by nebulizer or metered dose inhaler (MDI)] and ICS intratracheal instillation subgroup (PS used as a vehicle). Eight randomized controlled trials were enrolled in the meta-analysis, 5 trials of which stated the randomized method, grouping and blinded method, and the follow-up procedures were reported. GRADEpro system showed high quality of 4 trials (5 articles), and the rest 4 trials had moderate quality. Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of BPD was decreased in ICS group, the relative risk (RR) was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.42-0.76), and similar trends were found in ICS inhalation subgroup and ICS intratracheal instillation subgroup, with the corresponding RR being 0.58 (95% CI: 0.41-0.82) and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.24-0.95) respectively. ICS could also significantly reduce the mortality risk as compared with placebo control group (RR: 0.67;95% CI: 0.45-0.99), with RR of ICS inhalation subgroup and ICS intratracheal instillation subgroup being 0.81 (95% CI: 0.34-1.94) and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.41-0.99) respectively. Moreover, the percentage of infants using PS more than one time was lower in ICS group than in the placebo control group, with the RR and 95% CI being 0.55 (95% CI: 0.45-0.67), and that in ICS intratracheal instillation subgroup lower than in ICS inhalation subgroup (RR: 0.56;95% CI: 0.45-0.69, and RR: 0.35;95% CI:0.08-1.52 respectively). There was no significant difference in the incidence of infection or retinopathy of prematurity and neuro-motor system impairment between ICS group and placebo control group, with the corresponding RR being 0.95 (95% CI:0.59-1.52), 0.92 (95% CI: 0.62-1.38) and 1.13 (95% CI: 0.92-1.39), respectively. It was concluded that early administration of ICS and PS is an effective and safe option for preterm infants with NRDS in preventing BPD and reducing mortality, decreasing the additional PS usage, especially for the ICS intratracheal instillation subgroup. Furthermore, the appropriate dose and duration of ICS, combined use of inhalation or instillation of ICS with PS and the long-term safety of airway administration of corticosteroids need to be assessed in large trials.

A Comparison between Late Preterm and Term Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Early-Onset Sepsis, and Neonatal Jaundice in Ecuadorian Newborns

Background: To examine the differences in prevalence of respiratory distress syndrome, early-onset sepsis and jaundice, between late preterm infants versus term infants in Ecuadorian newborns. Methods: Study design: Epidemiological, observational, and cross-sectional, with two cohorts of patients. Settings: IESS Quito Sur Hospital at Quito, Ecuador, from February to April of 2020. Participants: This study included 204 newborns, 102 preterm infants, 102 term infants. Results: There are significant differences between late preterm infants and term infants, with a p-value of 0.000 in the prevalence of early sepsis, 70.59% vs. 35.29%. In respiratory distress syndrome between late and term premature infants, significant differences were observed with a p-value of 0.000, the proportion being 55.58% vs. 24.51% respectively. The prevalence of jaundice is higher in term infants with a p value of 0.002, 72.55%, versus 51.96% in late preterm infants, and the mean value of bilirubins in mg/dL was higher in term infants 14.32 versus 12.33 in late preterm infants;this difference is statistically significant with a p value of 0.004. Admission to the NICU is more frequent in late preterm infants with a p-value of 0.000, being 42.16% for late preterm infants vs. 7.84% in term infants;the mean of the hospital days with p-value 0.005, was higher in late preterm infants 4.97 days vs. 3.55 days for term newborns. Conclusion: Due to the conditions of their immaturity, late preterm infants are 2.86 times more likely to present early sepsis than full-term newborns. It is shown that late preterm infants are 2.69 times more likely to have respiratory distress syndrome compared to term infants, therefore, late preterm infants have a longer hospital stay of 4.97 days versus 3.55 days in term infants. Jaundice and mean bilirubin levels are higher in term infants due to blood group incompatibility and insufficient breastfeeding.

Relationship between neonatal respiratory distress syndrome pulmonary ultrasonography and respiratory distress score,oxygenation index,and chest radiography grading

BACKGROUND Accurate condition assessment is critical for improving the prognosis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(RDS),but current assessment methods for RDS pose a cumulative risk of harm to neonates.Thus,a less harmful method for assessing the health of neonates with RDS is needed.AIM To analyze the relationships between pulmonary ultrasonography and respiratory distress scores,oxygenation index,and chest X-ray grade of neonatal RDS to identify predictors of neonatal RDS severity.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed the medical information of 73 neonates with RDS admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Liupanshui Maternal and Child Care Service Center between April and December 2022.The pulmonary ultrasonography score,respiratory distress score,oxygenation index,and chest Xray grade of each newborn before and after treatment were collected.Spearman correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationships among these values and neonatal RDS severity.RESULTS The pulmonary ultrasonography score,respiratory distress score,oxygenation index,and chest X-ray RDS grade of the neonates were significantly lower after treatment than before treatment(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that before and after treatment,the pulmonary ultrasonography score of neonates with RDS was positively correlated with the respiratory distress score,oxygenation index,and chest X-ray grade(ρ=0.429–0.859,P<0.05).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that pulmonary ultrasonography screening effectively predicted the severity of neonatal RDS(area under the curve=0.805–1.000,P<0.05).CONCLUSION The pulmonary ultrasonography score was significantly associated with the neonatal RDS score,oxygenation index,and chest X-ray grade.The pulmonary ultrasonography score was an effective predictor of neonatal RDS severity.

Effects of pulmonary surfactant combined with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome

BACKGROUND Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS)is one of the most common diseases in neonatal intensive care units,with an incidence rate of about 7%among infants.Additionally,it is a leading cause of neonatal death in hospitals in China.The main mechanism of the disease is hypoxemia and hypercapnia caused by lack of surfactant AIM To explore the effect of pulmonary surfactant(PS)combined with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on keratin-14(KRT-14)and endothelin-1(ET-1)levels in peripheral blood and the effectiveness in treating NRDS.METHODS Altogether 137 neonates with respiratory distress syndrome treated in our hospital from April 2019 to July 2021 were included.Of these,64 control cases were treated with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and 73 observation cases were treated with PS combined with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.The expression of KRT-14 and ET-1 in the two groups was compared.The deaths,complications,and PaO_(2),PaCO_(2),and PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)blood gas indexes in the two groups were compared.Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)analysis was used to determine the diagnostic value of KRT-14 and ET-1 in the treatment of NRDS.RESULTS The observation group had a significantly higher effectiveness rate than the control group.There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of neonatal mortality and adverse reactions,such as bronchial dysplasia,cyanosis,and shortness of breath.After treatment,the levels of PaO_(2)and PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)in both groups were significantly higher than before treatment,while the level of PaCO_(2)was significantly lower.After treatment,the observation group had significantly higher levels of PaO_(2)and PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)than the control group,while PaCO_(2)was notably lower in the observation group.After treatment,the KRT-14 and ET-1 levels in both groups were significantly decreased compared with the pre-treatment levels.The observation group had a reduction of KRT-14 and ET-1 levels than the control group.ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of KRT-14 was 0.791,and the AUC of ET-1 was 0.816.CONCLUSION Combining PS with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation significantly improved the effectiveness of NRDS therapy.KRT-14 and ET-1 levels may have potential as therapeutic and diagnostic indicators.

Effect of different ventilation methods combined with pulmonary surfactant on neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome

BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome precipitates is widespread pulmonary injury in impacted individuals,the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS),primarily observed in preterm infants,represents a prevalent critical condition in neonatal clinical settings.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of various ventilation strategies combined with pulmonary surfactant(PS)therapy in the treatment of NRDS.METHODS A total of 20 neonates diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome,admitted between May 2021 and June 2022,were randomly assigned to either a research group or a control group.Neonates in the research group received treatment involving high-frequency oscillatory ventilation(HFOV)in conjunction with PS.In contrast,neonates in the control group were administered either controlled mechanical ventilation or synchronous intermittent mandatory ventilation,combined with PS.Arterial blood samples from the neonates in both groups were collected before treatment,as well as 6 h,12 h,24 h,and 48 h post-treatment.These samples underwent blood gas analysis,with measurements taken for pH value,partial pressures of oxygen(O_(2))and carbon dioxide.Concurrently,data was collected on the duration of ventilator use,length of hospitalization time,O_(2) treatment time,treatment outcomes,and complications of the ventilator.RESULTS From 6-48 h post-treatment,both groups demonstrated significant improvements in arterial blood pH and oxygen partial pressure,along with a significant decrease in carbon dioxide partial pressure compared to pre-treatment values(P<0.05).Although these changes progressed over time,there were no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).However,the research group had significantly lower X-ray scores,shorter hospitalization time,and less time on O_(2) therapy compared to the control group(P<0.05).Mortality rates were similar between the two groups(P>0.05),but the research group had a significantly lower incidence of complications(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The integration of HFOV combine with PS has proven to effectively expedite the treatment duration,decrease the occurrence of complications,and secure the therapeutic efficacy in managing NRDS.

Effects of Different Surfactant Administrations on Cerebral Autoregulation in Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome

To treat respiratory distress syndrome,surfactant is currently delivered via less invasive surfactant administration（LISA） or INtubation SURfactant Extubation（INSURE）.The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the two delivery methods of surfactant on cerebral autoregulation.Near infrared spectroscopy monitoring was carried out to detect cerebral oxygen saturation（Sc O2）,and the mean arterial blood pressure（MABP） was simultaneously recorded.Of 44 preterm infants included,the surfactant was administrated to 22 via LISA and 22 via INSURE.The clinical characteristics,treatments and outcomes of the infants showed no significant differences between the two groups.The correlation coefficient of Sc O2 and MABP（rSc O2-MABP） 5 min before administration was similar in the two groups.During surfactant administration,rSc O2-MABP increased in both groups（0.44±0.10 to 0.54±0.12 in LISA,0.45±0.11 to 0.69±0.09 in INSURE）.In the first and second 5 min after instillation,rSc O2-MABP was not significantly different from baseline in the LISA group,but increased in the first 5 min after instillation（0.59±0.13,P=0.000 compared with the baseline in the same group） and recovered in the second 5 min after instillation（0.48±0.10,P=0.321） in the INSURE group.There were significant differences in the change rates of rSc O2-MABP between the two groups during and after surfactant administration.Our results suggest that cerebral autoregulation may be affected transiently by surfactant administration.The effect duration of LISA is shorter than that of INSURE（〈5 min in LISA vs.5–10 min in INSURE）.

The Incidence of Respiratory Distress Syndrome among Preterm Infants Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Study

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or hyaline membrane disease (HMD) is the most common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. We aimed to determine the frequency of RDS among 3 groups of preterm infants and the value of some related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive analytical investigation was carried out in the NICU ward of Akbarabadi Hospital (Tehran-Iran) during spring 2011. Newborns’ data were collected and assessed by using their hospital medical records. Seventy-three preterm infants with gestational age < 34 weeks were hospitalized in the NICU. All participants were divided into 3 groups: extremely preterm (<28 weeks), very preterm (28 to <32 weeks) and moderate preterm (32 to 34 weeks). Frequency of RDS and some related factors were compared among 3 groups. Results: RDS was observed in 65.6% of all participants;however frequency of RDS was not different between three groups. An inversely correlation was found between gestational age and mortality rate (p = 0.05). In regard to Betamethasone administration prior to birth, this interval was significantly longer in alive neonates in comparison to infants who died (p < 0.05). Conclusion: RDS was frequent in preterm neonates with gestational age < 32 weeks. Time of Betamethasone administration prior to birth can significantly influence on neonatal mortality rate.

Lamellar Bodies Count (LBC) as a Predictor of Fetal Lung Maturity in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes Compared to Neonatal Assessment

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, affecting approximately 1% of all live births and 10% of all preterm infants. Lamellar bodies represent a storage form of pulmonary surfactant within Type II pneumocytes, secretion of which increases with advancing gestational age, thus enabling prediction of the degree of FLM. Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) complicates approximately 1/3 of all preterm births. Birth within 1 week is the most likely outcome for any patient with PPROM in the absence of adjunctive treatments. Respiratory distress has been reported to be the most common complication of preterm birth. Sepsis, intraventricular haemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis also are associated with prematurity, but these are less common near to term. Objective: To assess the efficacy of the amniotic fluid lamellar body counting from a vaginal pool in predicting fetal lung maturity in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Methods: This study was conducted at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital in the emergency ward from January 2019 to September 2019. It included 106 women with singleton pregnancies, gestational age from 28 - 36 weeks with preterm premature rupture of membranes. This study is designed to assess the efficacy of the amniotic fluid lamellar body counting (LBC) from a vaginal pool in predicting fetal lung maturity in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Results: The current study revealed a highly significant increase in the lamellar body count in cases giving birth to neonates without RDS compared to that cases giving birth to neonates with RDS. Also, no statistically significant difference between LBC and age, parity and number of previous miscarriages in the mother was found. Gestational age at delivery was significantly lower among cases with respiratory distress. Steroid administration was significantly less frequent among cases with respiratory distress. However, lamellar bodies had high diagnostic performance in the prediction of respiratory distress. Conclusion: Lamellar body count (LBC) is an effective, safe, easy, and cost-effective method to assess fetal lung maturity (FLM). It does not need a highly equipped laboratory or specially trained personnel, it just needs the conventional blood count analyzer. Measurement of LBC is now replacing the conventional Lecithin/Sphyngomyelin L/S ratio. LBC cut-off value of ≤42.5 × 103/μL can be used safely to decide fetal lung maturity with sensitivity of 95.7% and specificity of 97.6%.

The Relation between Role of Serum Cortisol Level and Response to Various Respiratory Support Strategies among Preterm Infants

Introduction: Preterm infants are liable to various health problems including respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). There is variation in response to respiratory support. In preterm infants, cortisol hormone is secreted by the adrenocortical gland in response to stress. Objectives: To compare the serum cortisol levels in blood among preterm infants who needed different respiratory support strategies e.g. headbox, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), intubation surfactant extubation (INSURE) and mechanical ventilation (MV) and to correlate the cortisol levels to the severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Material and Methods: Observational prospective study that assessed the serum cortisol levels in preterm infants with RDS after initial respiratory support aged 28 - 34 gestational weeks that were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Al Zahraa hospital of Al-Azhar University and Al-Estekama hospital between February 2019 and November 2019. Infants were classified into three groups, Group 1: 29 infants with severe RDS who needed a mechanical ventilator. Ten of them needed surfactant therapy. Group 2: 33 infants with moderate RDS who needed CPAP. Three of them needed surfactant therapy. Group 3: 28 infants with symptoms of mild RDS who needed headbox. None of them needed surfactant therapy. Blood samples were collected on the first day of life and were processed using the colorimetric ELISA method. Demographic and medical information was collected. Results: A total of 90 preterm infants were included. The serum cortisol reference was 4.3 - 22.4 mg/dl. Group 1 showed significantly higher serum cortisol levels compared to group 2 and group 3 (39.22 ± 9.91 mg/dl vs 28.96 ± 6.48 mg/dl vs 25.88 ± 5.42 mg/dl) respectively, (P-value = 0.001). Infants in group 2 who needed surfactant therapy had higher serum cortisol levels than those who did not need surfactant therapy (32.30 ± 5.92 mg/dl vs 28.33 ± 6.27 mg/dl). The serum cortisol levels were observed having a negative correlation with gestational age and birth weight. No significant differences were observed in terms of gender or type of delivery. Conclusion: Cortisol levels had a positive correlation with the severity of RDS who needed various respiratory support strategies.

Surfactant Protein D for Pathological Evaluation of Infant Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Pediatric respiratory syncytial viral infection (RS) usually shows relatively good outcome;however, when it accompanies acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), this becomes fatal. We experienced three pediatric patients with RS + ARDS, with all showing good outcome with steroid pulse therapy. We wish to emphasize;1) steroid pulse therapy may become an option for this condition, and 2) plasma KL-6 and surfactant protein D levels may become a biomarker reflecting the disease progression/condition. Patients were, aged 1 month, 1 year 5 months, and 1 year 11 months. In all three, the respiratory condition deteriorated rapidly, requiring invasive ventilator management. Although the effectiveness of steroid treatment for ARDS is controversial, very severe condition prompted us to employ steroid pulse therapy, after which, oxygenation rapidly improved without adverse events. Plasma KL-6 and surfactant protein D levels were measured during exacerbations of ARDS, steroid pulse therapy, and recovery. Surfactant protein D levels were closely associated with oxygenation, suggesting this substance level might be a biomarker of ARDS caused by the disruption of the alveolar epithelial lining and to understand oxygenation without time lag.

Reducing neonatal mortality and respiratory distress syndrome associated with preterm birth:a scoping review on the impact of antenatal corticosteroids in low-and middle-income countries

Background The most common cause of death among preterm infants in low-and middle-income countries is respiratory distress syndrome.The purpose of this review was to assess whether antenatal corticosteroids given to women at risk of preterm birth at≤34 weeks of gestation reduce rates of neonatal mortality and respiratory distress syndrome in low-and middle-income countries.Methods Two reviewers independently searched four databases including MEDLINE(through PubMed),CINAHL,Embase,and Cochrane Libraries.We did not apply any language or date restrictions.All publications up to April 2020 were included in this search.Results The search yielded 71 articles,10 of which were included in this review(3 randomized controlled trials,7 observa-tional studies,36,773 neonates).The majority of studies reported associations between exposure to antenatal corticosteroids and lower rates of neonatal mortality and respiratory distress syndrome.However,a few studies reported that antenatal corticosteroids were not associated with improved preterm birth outcomes.Conclusions Most of the studies in low-and middle-income countries showed that use of antenatal corticosteroids in hospitals with high levels of neonatal care was associated with lower rates of neonatal mortality and respiratory distress syndrome.However,the findings are inconclusive because some studies in low-resource settings reported that antenatal corticosteroids had no benefit in reducing rates of neonatal mortality or respiratory distress syndrome.Further research on the impact of antenatal corticosteroids in resource-limited settings in low-income countries is a priority.

LISA技术与INSURE技术治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征的效果比较

目的:探讨微创注入肺表面活性物质(less invasive surfactant administration,LISA)与气管插管-肺表面活性物质-拔管(intubation-surfactant-extubate,INSURE)两种不同给药方法在早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征(respiratory distress syndrome,RDS)中的应用效果。方法:选取2019年1月1日—2022年8月31日江西省儿童医院收治的55例NRDS患儿,运用随机数字表法,分为LISA组(给予LISA技术,n=29)和INSURE组(给予INSURE技术,n=26)。比较两组治疗相关指标、并发症发生情况。结果:两组二次牛肺表面活性剂(CPS)使用率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);LISA组72 h内有创机械通气治疗率低于INSURE组,机械通气时间、总用氧时间及住院时间均短于INSURE组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LISA组支气管肺发育不良(BPD)和早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)发生率均低于INSUR组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组其他并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与INSURE技术相比,LISA技术治疗早产儿RDS,能有效降低有创机械通气率,缩短用氧时间,并减少BPD及ROP的发生。

新生儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征诊断标准的演变及思考

自1967年急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)首次被报道以来,其诊断及分级标准不断演变。近年来,新生儿ARDS越来越受到关注,然而其研究进展缓慢,部分原因是诊断标准仍存在争议。本文就2012年柏林标准、2017年蒙特勒标准和2023年第二届小儿急性肺损伤共识会议更新的儿童ARDS诊断标准(PALICC-2标准)在新生儿ARDS中的应用进行概述,比较3种诊断标准的异同,分析3种诊断标准应用于新生儿ARDS时其分级标准、触发因素、发病率、病死率、不良预后和治疗等的差异,并提出未来新生儿ARDS诊断标准的研究方向。

咖啡因联合经鼻高流量氧疗治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的疗效观察

目的 分析咖啡因联合经鼻高流量氧疗治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)的疗效。方法 前瞻性选取2020年3月—2023年6月亳州市人民医院收治的98例NRDS患儿,按随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组49例。对照组给予经鼻高流量氧疗,研究组在对照组基础上另给予枸橼酸咖啡因治疗,治疗后7 d观察效果。对比两组无创通气时间、总用氧时间、呼吸暂停次数、血气指标、呼吸力学指标、临床疗效、炎症因子及并发症情况。结果 研究组无创通气时间、总用氧时间、呼吸暂停次数均低于对照组(P <0.05)。研究组与对照组治疗前、治疗后3和7 d的二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、血氧分压(PaO_(2))比较,结果:(1)不同时间点PaO2、PaCO_(2)比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.961和8.038,均P=0.000);(2)研究组与对照组PaO_(2)、PaCO_(2)比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.958和6.987,均P=0.000);(3)两组PaO_(2)、PaCO_(2)变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.057和8.136,均P=0.000)。研究组与对照组治疗前、治疗后3和7 d的气道阻力、内源性呼气末正压比较,结果:(1)不同时间点气道阻力、内源性呼气末正压比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.854和8.126,均P=0.000);(2)研究组与对照组气道阻力、内源性呼气末正压比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.236和7.958,均P=0.000);(3)两组气道阻力、内源性呼气末正压变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.968和8.027,均P=0.000)。研究组总有效率高于对照组(P <0.05)。研究组治疗前后骨形态发生蛋白-7、Clara细胞分泌蛋白16、肿瘤坏死因子-α、C反应蛋白的差值均高于对照组(P <0.05)。两组总并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 咖啡因联合经鼻高流量氧疗治疗NRDS疗效显著,可改善患儿血气及呼吸力学指标,抑制炎症反应,安全可靠。

LISA技术对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征患儿肺功能、血气指标及炎症因子的影响

目的探讨微创注入肺表面活性物质(LISA)技术对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)患儿肺功能、血气指标及炎症因子的影响。方法选择潍坊市妇幼保健院新生儿科重症监护病房(NICU)2021年1月—2023年1月收治的80例NRDS患儿为研究对象,依照随机数字表法分成传统组(n=40)和LISA组(n=40)。传统组应用气管插管-肺表面活性物质给药-拔管(INSURE)技术治疗,LISA组采取LISA技术治疗。比较两组治疗前、治疗72 h后血气指标、炎症因子水平、肺功能,同时比较两组治疗相关指标、并发症情况及28 d病死率。结果治疗72 h后,两组动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、巨噬细胞移动抑制因子-1(MIF-1)水平均低于治疗前(P<0.05),且LISA组上述3项指标均明显低于传统组(P<0.05);治疗72 h后,两组动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))、白介素10(IL-10)水平、氧合指数(OI)、呼吸频率(RR)测定值均高于治疗前(P<0.05),且LISA组上述指标均明显高于传统组(P<0.05);LISA组72 h内机械通气率低于传统组(P<0.05),机械通气时间、氧疗时间、NICU入住天数、住院天数短于传统组(P<0.05),支气管肺发育不良(BPD)发生率(5.00%)低于传统组的20.00%(P<0.05);LISA组28 d病死率5.00%和传统组的12.50%比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论对NRDS患儿采用LISA技术治疗,可有效改善血气指标、炎症状况,明显缩短氧疗时间及住院天数,显著提高肺功能,并有助于降低BPD发生风险。

动态监测经皮血气分析指标和炎性指标对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征并发支气管肺发育不良的预测价值

目的探讨动态监测经皮氧分压[p_(tc)(O_(2))]、经皮二氧化碳分压[p_(tc)(CO_(2))]与血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)患儿并发支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的预测价值。方法选取240例NRDS患儿作为研究对象,根据是否并发BPD分为BPD组108例和非BPD组132例。比较2组患儿出生后第1、7、14天时p_(tc)(O_(2))、p_(tc)(CO_(2))、SAA、IL-6水平,采用Spearman相关分析法探讨各指标间的相关性及其与病情程度的相关性,采用相对危险度(RR)和95%置信区间(CI)评价各指标对NRDS患儿并发BPD的影响,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线、决策曲线分析各指标预测BPD的效能及临床净获益。结果出生后第1天,2组患儿p_(tc)(O_(2))、p_(tc)(CO_(2))和血清SAA、IL-6水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);出生后第7、14天,BPD组p_(tc)(O_(2))低于非BPD组,p_(tc)(CO_(2))和血清SAA、IL-6水平高于非BPD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,患儿BPD程度与出生后第7天时p_(tc)(O_(2))呈负相关(r=-0.724,P<0.05),与出生后第7天时p_(tc)(CO_(2))、SAA、IL-6呈正相关(r=0.635、0.830、0.715,P<0.05);患儿肺功能障碍程度与出生后第7天时p_(tc)(O_(2))呈负相关(r=-0.719,P<0.05),与出生后第7天时p_(tc)(CO_(2))、SAA、IL-6呈正相关(r=0.673、0.756、0.696,P<0.05);出生后第7天时,BPD患儿p_(tc)(O_(2))分别与SAA、IL-6呈负相关(r=-0.605、-0.623,P<0.05),p_(tc)(CO_(2))分别与SAA、IL-6呈正相关(r=0.618、0.650,P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,出生后第7天p_(tc)(O_(2))、p_(tc)(CO_(2))、SAA、IL-6联合预测NRDS并发BPD的效能优于四者单独预测,曲线下面积为0.938(95%CI:0.899~0.965)。p_(tc)(CO_(2))、SAA、IL-6高表达者并发BPD的风险是低表达者的2.256、1.668、1.667倍,p_(tc)(O_(2))高表达者并发BPD的风险是低表达者的0.568倍。决策曲线分析结果显示,当阈值在0.2~0.9时,出生后第7天时p_(tc)(O_(2))、p_(tc)(CO_(2))、SAA、IL-6联合模型预测NRDS患儿合并BPD的净获益率优于四者单独预测。结论p_(tc)(O_(2))、p_(tc)(CO_(2))、SAA、IL-6均与NRDS并发BPD患儿病情严重程度密切相关,四者联合检测有助于提高对NRDS并发BPD的预测效能及净获益率。

LISA技术治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效及对血气分析的影响

目的探讨微创肺表面活性物质注入(less invasive surfactant administration,LISA)技术治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,NRDS)的临床疗效、并发症及对血气分析的影响。方法选取2019年12月1日至2022年8月1日金华市中心医院收治的100例需行肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant,PS)气管内注射给药的NRDS患儿,根据随机数字表法将患儿分为试验组(50例)和对照组(50例)。试验组患儿采用LISA技术进行PS治疗,对照组患儿采用气管插管-气管内滴入PS-拔管后经鼻持续气道正压通气技术进行PS治疗。比较两组患儿的临床治疗效果、血气指标、无创辅助通气时间、住院天数及并发症发生率。结果试验组患儿治疗总有效率高于对照组;PS治疗后1h试验组患儿的氧分压、血氧饱和度高于对照组,二氧化碳分压低于对照组;试验组患儿无创辅助通气时间短于对照组;支气管肺发育不良发生率低于对照组;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用LISA技术进行PS治疗NRDS,可改善患儿的血气指标、缩短无创辅助通气时间、提高诊疗效果,降低支气管肺发育不良的风险,且不增加气管黏膜损伤、肺出血等并发症的发生率。

呼吸窘迫综合征早产儿血清NGAL的动态变化及其对支气管肺发育不良的早期预测价值

目的探讨呼吸窘迫综合征早产儿血清中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)的动态变化情况,并分析其对患儿发生支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的早期预测价值。方法前瞻性选取平顶山市第一人民医院儿科2019年8月至2023年1月收治的81例呼吸窘迫综合征早产儿作为研究对象。分别检测出生24 h内及出生后3、7、14 d的血清NGAL水平,并收集基线资料。根据患儿出生后28 d是否发生BPD分为发生组与未发生组,比较两组患儿不同时点的血清NGAL水平及基线资料,使用点二列相关性检验血清NGAL动态变化与呼吸窘迫综合征患儿发生BPD之间的关系,再绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析血清NGAL动态变化对呼吸窘迫综合征早产儿发生BPD的早期预测价值。结果共纳入81例呼吸窘迫综合征早产儿,因出现不良结局脱落1例,因家长申请退出研究脱落1例,最终79例患儿完成研究。其中有30例患儿出现BPD,发生率为37.97%(30/79)。发生组肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、血浆Ⅱ型肺泡细胞表面抗原(KL-6)高于未发生组(P<0.05)。出生24 h内两组血清NGAL差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);出生后3、7、14 d发生组血清NGAL水平高于未发生组(P<0.05)。点二列相关性检验显示,出生3、7、14 d的血清NGAL水平、TNF-α、血浆KL-6与呼吸窘迫综合征患儿出现BPD呈正相关关系(r>0,P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示出生后3 d血清NGAL对呼吸窘迫综合征患儿出现BPD的预测价值较低,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.643,而出生后7 d血清NGAL对患儿出现BPD具有中等预测价值,AUC为0.866;出生后14 d的血清NGAL对患儿出现BPD具有较高预测价值,AUC为0.935。结论血清NGAL动态变化对呼吸窘迫综合征患儿出现BPD具有一定的预测价值,且出生后14 d预测价值最高。

miRNA-106a和miRNA-20a与新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征严重程度及预后的关系

目的探讨血清微小RNA(miRNA)-106a和miRNA-20a水平与新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)严重程度及预后的相关性。方法选取2021年3月至2024年4月在西安交通大学附属红会医院就诊的156例NRDS患儿为NRDS组,其中男77例,女79例,出生胎龄(33.87±2.01)周。根据NRDS患儿胸部影像检查结果将其分为轻度组(50例)、中度组(74例)和重度组(32例)。根据NRDS患儿结局将其分为预后良好组132例和预后不良组24例。另选取同期在西安交通大学附属红会医院体检的健康早产儿150例作为对照组,其中男77例,女73例,出生胎龄(34.05±1.83)周。采用定量聚合酶链式反应(qPCR)测定血清miRNA-106a和miRNA-20a水平;采用Pearson相关分析NRDS患儿血清miRNA-106a和miRNA-20a水平与新生儿急性生理评分(SNAPPE-Ⅱ)、1 min Apgar评分的相关性;采用受试者操作特征曲线(ROC)评价血清miRNA-106a和miRNA-20a水平预测NRDS患儿预后的价值。采用t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果NRDS组患儿血清miRNA-106a和miRNA-20a水平低于对照组[(0.97±0.30)比(1.70±0.53)、(0.88±0.32)比(1.57±0.55)],差异均有统计学意义(t=14.750、13.346,均P<0.05)。重度组、中度组、轻度组血清miRNA-106a和miRNA-20a水平及1 min Apgar评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。预后不良组NRDS患儿血清miRNA-106a和miRNA-20a水平低于预后良好组[(0.40±0.19)比(1.07±0.36)、(0.39±0.17)比(0.97±0.34)],SNAPPE-Ⅱ评分高于预后良好组[(34.25±6.50)分比(18.10±3.58)分],差异均有统计学意义(t=13.438、12.718、11.850,均P<0.05)。血清miRNA-106a和miRNA-20a水平与SNAPPE-Ⅱ评分呈负相关(均P<0.05),与1 min Apgar评分呈正相关(均P<0.05)。miRNA-106a、miRNA-20a预测NRDS患儿预后不良的灵敏度分别为95.8%、91.7%,特异度分别为93.2%、89.4%,曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.961(95%CI 0.929~0.992)、0.938(95%CI 0.900~0.976),表明这些生物标志物预测NRDS患儿预后准确度较高。miRNA-106a联合miRNA-20a的灵敏度和特异度分别为91.7%、97.7%,AUC为0.984(95%CI 0.967~1.000),表明联合检测具有更高的预测效能。结论血清miRNA-106a和miRNA-20a水平在NRDS患儿中降低,且其水平随NRDS患儿严重程度加重而逐渐降低,二者在预测NRDS患儿预后中具有重要价值。

观察LISA技术联合NCPAP治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的有效性

目的 分析新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征采取侵入性肺表面活性物质治疗(Less Invasive Surfactant Administration,LISA)技术联合经鼻持续气道正压(Transnasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure,NCPAP)的有效性。方法 随机选取2021年4月—2023年6月济宁市第一人民医院儿科80例新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征患儿为研究对象,采取抽签法分为分析组和参照组,每组40例。分析组采取LISA技术联合NCPAP治疗,参照组采取气管插管肺表面活性物质灌注治疗,对比两组治疗效果。结果 治疗后,分析组治疗总有效率(95.00%)高于参照组(75.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.274,P=0.012)。治疗后,分析组机械通气时间、住院时间、吸氧时间均短于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。治疗后,分析组晚期氧化蛋白产物(Advanced Oxidation Protein Products,AOPPs)水平低于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,分析组血气指标及肺循环功能指标均优于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。分析组不良反应总发生率低于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 LISA技术联合NCPAP治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征有利于改善新生儿血氧指标,改善患儿肺功能循环,缩短新生儿机械通气时间,减少不良反应的发生。