基于ADDIE教学模型在新生儿转运护士岗位培训中的应用效果分析

目的探讨基于ADDIE(分析(analyze)、设计(design)、开发(development)、实施(implement)和评价(evaluation))教学模型在新生儿转运护士岗位培训中的应用效果,以期提高新生儿科护士在转运过程综合抢救能力,保障新生儿转运安全。方法本研究采用自身前-后对照设计,选取本院35名新生儿科护士实施基于ADDIE教学模型岗位培训,包括成立新生儿转运护士岗位培训小组,依据ADDIE教学模型,分析护士培训需求、设计和开发专项培训课程、实施培训、评价培训效果,比较培训前后护士新生儿转运专业理论知识、各项实践技能、团队协作能力与沟通能力得分情况。结果35名护士均完成研究。培训后护士新生儿转运专业理论知识、各项实践技能水平、团队协作能力与沟通能力得分均较培训前升高,前后比较,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。结论基于ADDIE教学模型在新生儿转运护士岗位培训有助于提高护士新生儿转运专业理论知识与实践水平,发挥救治过程中的主导作用,提高护士团队协作能力与沟通能力,其可为新生儿转运护士的培训提供借鉴和参考。

Empirical Likelihood Approach for Treatment Effect in Pretest-Posttest Trial

The empirical likelihood approach is suggested to the pretest-posttest trial based on the constrains,which we construct to summarize all the given information.The author obtains a log-empirical likelihood ratio test statistic that has a standard chi-squared limiting distribution.Thus,in making inferences,there is no need to estimate variance explicitly,and inferential procedures are easier to implement.Simulation results show that the approach of this paper is more efficient compared with ANCOVA Ⅱ due to the sufficient and appropriate use of information.

医学研究前后测量设计资料差值的信度评价

目的通过医学研究实例,评价医学研究前后测量设计资料差值的信度,探讨前后测量的相关性及其对差值信度的影响。方法收集13个前后测量设计资料的医学研究实例,信度评价指标采用重复测量差值的标准差、Cron-bachα系数和差值信度系数;计算采用可自动执行的SPSS11·0宏命令。通过一个具体实例说明影响差值信度的主要因素。结果13个实例中,26组的差值信度都比实测值的信度低,其中6组为0信度。结论医学研究前后测量设计资料,如果满足前后两次测量值的方差相等、信度不变,差值信度要低于实测值信度。因此,采用差值作为医学前后测量设计资料的反应变量,需评价其信度大小。

合作学习在初中英语课堂教学中的应用效果研究

从学科教师的角度,利用合作学习中的学生小组成绩分工法来研究合作学习在初中英语课堂教学中的应用效果变化。以初中八年级学生为对象,采用不等组前测—后测设计对初中英语学生的听、说、读、写等方面能力进行前后测。实验结果显示,采用合作学习的实验组在听、说、读、写等方面的成绩优于采用传统学习的对照组。

度假旅游与旅游者生活质量关系研究

以社会需要理论、比较理论、基点理论等为基础,通过前—后测实验设计,运用纵向研究方法,探讨了度假旅游对旅游者生活质量的影响,明确了度假旅游与旅游者生活质量的因果关系。结果表明,度假旅游是度假旅游参与者生活质量提高的原因,参与度假旅游能提升人们的生活质量,度假旅游者较非度假旅游者有更高的生活满意度与幸福感。最后,提出了相关建议。

前后测量设计资料中的个体生长问题

目的:探讨前后测量设计资料中伴随的个体自然生长现象.方法:以肥胖儿童的减肥试验为例,假设有两组儿童,一组为处理组,该组儿童为肥胖儿童组接受减肥药物控制体质量;另一组为对照组,该组儿童为标准体质量儿童组,分别在8岁和10岁时测量儿童的体质量,假设两组儿童在试验前后体质量的均值分别为Y1(t1)=31.0,Y0(t1)=23.0,Y1(t2)=36.0,Y0(t2)=28.0,在处理组缺失干预时Y1(t2)=41.0.结果:用简单得分法估计处理效应,α=36.0-31.0-(28.0-23.0)=0(kg),说明两组儿童试验后的体质量无差异,处理效应不存在,但是真实的处理效应为Y1(t2)-Y1(t2)=36.0-41.0=-5.0(kg),说明处理效应是存在的,即施加干预前后儿童的体质量有差别.结论:总结了前后测量设计资料个体生长趋势的4种情况,提示我们在分析前后测量设计资料时个体自然生长问题不容忽视.

过夜旅游的生活质量效应研究

本研究采用前—后测实验设计,通过单因素方差分析明确了旅游活动的生活质量影响效应。结果表明,进行旅游活动的被试旅游后的总体生活满意度高于旅游前,未进行旅游活动的被试,前后测的总体生活满意度没有显著差别,说明旅游提高了参与者的总体生活满意度,旅游者的生活质量得到显著改善。与此同时,这种效应还体现在其具体生活领域的满意度上,旅游活动对参与者的生活质量有显著的促进效应。最后,笔者提出了相关建议。

“前测备课-自主学习-后测评估”复习课教学模式的构建与应用——以一节高三化学二轮复习课教学为例

以布鲁姆有效教学理论和构建主义理论为指导,构建了“前测备课-自主学习-后测评估”教学模式,并以“陌生氧化还原反应方程式书写”教学为例进行了应用研究和效果测评。经测评,学生兴趣浓厚,教学效果较好。以期为各学科高三二轮复习课教学模式提供参考。

语音训练对中国英语学习者英语元音识别和区分影响的实验研究

本文旨在探讨语音训练对中国英语学习者英语元音感知能力的影响。研究采用前测-训练-后测的范式:前后测实验内容相同,包括两项感知实验(识别实验和区分实验),语音训练以识别测试的方式进行,共16小节。实验结果表明,语音训练能提高学习者英语元音的识别率,但对区分率没有很大的影响。此外,在训练后,学习者对英语元音的混淆集中在少数几个元音上,一些元音的识别率得到了提升,但是在后测识别实验当中,松紧元音识别率仍较低。因此,语音训练对提高学习者英语听力方面起到了一定的作用,这有利于促进英语语音教学,培养学习者的语言能力,也将对改善英语课堂教学带来一定的启示。

A Replication of the Effect of Error-based Grammar Instruction on Fourth-graders' Writing

Shoudong Feng made a study of the error-based grammar instruction on fifth-graders' writing. Both the short and long-term gains proved to be significant in all three major categories (mechanical,sentence structure and usage). This study explored whether the results Feng presented at the 2004 Annual Meeting of MSERA,U.S would be replicable in rural settings at different grade levels. Participants were 35 fourth-grade students in a rural elementary school. Students were asked to write an essay on the topic given by the researcher. Samples from the pretest were collected and analyzed for grammar errors. Then the researcher designed lessons based on the results and taught the lessons by using errors from the sample. Students wrote on a similar topic in the posttest. The researcher analyzed the grammar errors and compared the results. The results showed the number of errors reduced significantly,esp. the errors of spelling,sentence fragment,S-V agreement and homophone confusion. The probability that the difference was due to chance was less than 5%. The findings supported the hypothesis that the error-based grammar instruction has a positive effect on the accuracy of fourth-graders' writing.

The Effect of Intervention on Nurse’s Performance Regarding Feeding of Premature Baby in Neonate Care Unit at Public Hospitals in Hodeida City: Yemen

Prematurity is the most common direct cause of newborn mortality that can be reduced by improving the care for premature baby in Neonatal Care Units. Nursing staff working in such units must be highly qualified to avoid complications which lead to the increase of disability and death rate. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intervention on Nurse’s Performance regarding feeding premature baby in Neonate Care Unit. Interventional Study design with pre and posttest was used. The study was carried out at neonatal care units of Organization of AL-Thora Public Hospital and AL-Slkhana Hospital for Maternal and childhood in Hodeida city in Yemen. Method: Total coverage of 50 nurses in the previously mentioned settings. Three tools were used tool viz. the Structured questionnaire including two parts for Demographic data of nurses and level of basic nurse’s knowledge tool, the Observation Check list, and the training program procedure which consists of 4 phases: Phase (1) Pretest for the existing knowledge for nurses using the questionnaire format;Phase (2) Orientation to the educational program;Phase (3) close supervision to the participants while applying the nursing practice;Phase (4) Posttest at the end of the program (the same questionnaire and the observation check list format were used). Results: The results showed that the total knowledge and practice skills of the nurses were higher in the posttest than the pretest. There was a statistical significance correlation between the total nurses’ knowledge and their total practice’s skill in the posttest (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Most of the study participants attained a score less than “good” in the levels of knowledge and practical skills in the pretest which became “very good” to “Excellent” after the educational.

Evaluating the implementation of rapid diagnostic tests in a malaria elimination setting

Background It was recommended that malaria rapid diagnostic tests(RDTs)should be available in all epidemiological situations.But evidence was limited on the implementation of RDTs and its effectiveness in malaria elimination settings.This study examined the implementation of RDTs and how it affected the diagnosis of imported malaria patients in Jiangsu Province,China.Methods To scale up RDTs,this study developed an intervention package with four major elements covering the supply of RDT test,the training on RDTs,the monitoring and management of RDT use,and the advocacy of RDTs.By using a pretest-posttest control group design,we implemented the interventions in 4 cities in Jiangsu Province with the rest nine cities as controlled areas,from January 2017 to January 2018.Difference-in-Difference approach was used to evaluate the impact of the scale-up of RDTs on the identification of malaria cases.Three binary outcome measures were included to indicate delayed malaria diagnosis,malaria cases with confirmed malaria diagnosis at township-level institutions,and severe malaria cases,respectively.Linear probability regression was performed with time and group fixed effects and the interaction term between time and group.Results Intervention areas received sufficient RDT test supply,regular professional training programs,monthly tracking and management of RDT supply and use,and health education to targeted population.The implementation of interventions was associated with 10.8%(P=0.021)fewer patients with delayed diagnosis.But intervention areas did not see a higher likelihood of having confirmed diagnosis from township-level institutions(coefficient=-0.038,P=0.185)or reduced severe malaria cases(coef.=0.040,P=0.592).Conclusions The comprehensive package of RDT implementation in this study is promising in scaling up RDT use and improving access to care among malaria patients,especially in malaria elimination settings.