Any system designed to simulate the earth's atmosphere general circulation, must necessarily be based on the spatial-or temporal average conditions. Irregularities in the profiles of air motions that we observe on...Any system designed to simulate the earth's atmosphere general circulation, must necessarily be based on the spatial-or temporal average conditions. Irregularities in the profiles of air motions that we observe on daily weather maps often make lose any real meaning to the general circulation. As complicated and inconsistent that is the daily traffic of air particles, it is interesting to define a general circulation characteristic of the average air transportation around the globe. Indeed, this transport responds to a need to transfer heat from the equator (heat source) to the poles (cold sources). Mbane Biouele formula (2009), derived from Clausius-Clapeyron relation (1832), now allows faithful and unique representation of the tricellular general circulation: Hence, the possibility of access to the earth’s atmosphere prevailing surface winds in summer as well as winter.展开更多
In 1997, the Ohio Senate passed Senate Bill 102 which established the Ohio School Facilities Commission as a separate agency to oversee the rebuilding projects of the public schools in Ohio. The bill also exempted the...In 1997, the Ohio Senate passed Senate Bill 102 which established the Ohio School Facilities Commission as a separate agency to oversee the rebuilding projects of the public schools in Ohio. The bill also exempted the construction contractors from paying prevailing wages on these projects on the hypothesis that this exemption would lower the construction cost. The purpose of this study is to investigate this hypothesis through the statistical analysis of 8,093 bids received from the years 2000 through 2007 for the schools＇ construction. Union contractors who paid their workers union wages and non-union contractors who did not pay prevailing wages bid these projects. The hypothesis, that prevailing wage laws increased the construction cost, was tested by comparing the bids/SF （square foot） from both groups （union and nonunion） for the different construction trades. The study indicated that there was statistical significant difference between the bids/square foot for union contractors and the bids/square foot for non-union contractors for only the following trades： earthwork, existing conditions, plumbing, electrical and HVAC （heating, ventilation and air conditioning）. The averages of bids/SF from the union contractors were higher than those from the non-union contractors for earthwork, existing conditions and plumbing works, and the opposite for electrical and HVAC works. There was no statistical significant difference in the bids from the communications, concrete, conveying equipment, electronic safety and security, equipment, finishes, fire suppression, furnishings, masonry, openings, structural steel, thermal and moisture protection, plastics and composites and wood works.展开更多
Detailed analysis of data obtained by the Zhurong rover of dunes located on the southern Utopian Plain of Mars suggests the planet underwent a major shift in climate that accompanied changes in prevailing winds.This s...Detailed analysis of data obtained by the Zhurong rover of dunes located on the southern Utopian Plain of Mars suggests the planet underwent a major shift in climate that accompanied changes in prevailing winds.This shift likely occurred about 400,000 years ago,which coincides with the end of the last glacial period on Mars.展开更多
Rizgan took an hourlong bus ride to downtown Ummqi to . donate blood for those injured in Sunday＇s deadly riot. ＂I＇m furious at the brutal killings and hope to help those innocent people with my own blood＂ said ...Rizgan took an hourlong bus ride to downtown Ummqi to . donate blood for those injured in Sunday＇s deadly riot. ＂I＇m furious at the brutal killings and hope to help those innocent people with my own blood＂ said the Uygur woman in her 50s.展开更多
The Communist Party of China （CPC） first put forward the concept of the ＂important period of strategic opportunities＂ at its 16th National Congress in 2002, which spans the first 20 years of the 21st century. Whet...The Communist Party of China （CPC） first put forward the concept of the ＂important period of strategic opportunities＂ at its 16th National Congress in 2002, which spans the first 20 years of the 21st century. Whether this period of strategic opportunities still exists should be asked before development plans are implemented. Li Junru, former Vice President of the Party School of the CPC Central Committee, believes China＇s rapid development is still blessed with strategic opportunities. Edited excerpts follow：展开更多
Legal panel overturn eviction of Botswana’s Bushmen from their water resources ONE of the longest surviving traditions in Southern Africa is that of the Bushmen who have lived for tens of thousands of years in the na...Legal panel overturn eviction of Botswana’s Bushmen from their water resources ONE of the longest surviving traditions in Southern Africa is that of the Bushmen who have lived for tens of thousands of years in the natural setting of the continental wilderness.It is estimated that there is a population of about 100,000 Bushmen in the sub-continent spanning across South Africa,Angola,Botswana and Namibia. Their way of life has continued in its virgin status of "hunting and gathering" and has thus resisted the outright acculturation that has been synonymous with most altered ways of lifestyles on the展开更多
IN political terms, the South China Sea has been an expanse of turbulent waters since the Philippines took its maritime dispute with China, over the territorial sovereignty or maritime delimitation of the area, to the...IN political terms, the South China Sea has been an expanse of turbulent waters since the Philippines took its maritime dispute with China, over the territorial sovereignty or maritime delimitation of the area, to the Permanent Court of Arbitration （PCA） in The Hague in 2013. Since that time, this issue has evolved into an example of how not to resolve international disputes. When Manila approached the PCA, allegedly based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea （UNCLOS）, it seemed unaware that territorial issues of this nature are beyond the purview of the convention. As for the maritime delimitation, in pursuant to Article 298 of the convention, China made an exclusion declaration in 2006. thereby lawfully excluding itself from any compulsory dispute settlement procedure by a third party. Apart from China, over 30 other countries, including the UK and France, have made the same exclusion declaration. Based on this, the arbitration result of the dispute is illegal.展开更多
目的比较颈前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术(Anterior cervical discectomy and bone fusion,ACDF)术中采用Peek-Prevail融合器内固定与传统钉板融合器内固定治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2017-01—2020-01采用ACDF治疗...目的比较颈前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术(Anterior cervical discectomy and bone fusion,ACDF)术中采用Peek-Prevail融合器内固定与传统钉板融合器内固定治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2017-01—2020-01采用ACDF治疗的60例单节段脊髓型颈椎病,30例术中采用Peek-Prevail融合器内固定治疗(观察组),30例术中采用传统钉板融合器内固定治疗(对照组)。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、并发症情况,比较2组末次随访时颈椎曲度、椎间隙高度、JOA评分、NDI评分、疼痛VAS评分。结果 60例均顺利完成手术并获得完整随访,随访时间6~12个月,平均9.8个月。观察组术后并发症数、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量较对照组少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时观察组颈椎曲度、椎间隙高度较对照组大,JOA评分较对照组高,NDI评分、疼痛VAS评分较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ACDF术中采用Peek-Prevail融合器内固定治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病能够有效减轻患者的临床症状,改善脊髓神经功能,降低术后并发症发生率,在临床具有一定应用价值。展开更多
The observation stations of Northern China are divided into three regions:the arid Northwest China,the Loess Plateau,and the cool Northeast China.The consistencies,differences,and associated mechanisms of land surface...The observation stations of Northern China are divided into three regions:the arid Northwest China,the Loess Plateau,and the cool Northeast China.The consistencies,differences,and associated mechanisms of land surface thermal-hydrologic processes among the three regions were studied based on the normalization of major variables of land surface thermal-hydrologic processes,using data collected during prevailing summer monsoon period(July and August,2008).It is shown that differences of surface thermal-hydrologic processes are remarkable among the three regions because of different impacts of summer monsoon.Especially their soil wet layers occur at different depths,and the average albedo and its diurnal variations are distinctly different.Surface net short-wave radiation in the Loess Plateau is close to that in the cool Northeast China,but its surface net long-wave radiation is close to that in the arid Northwest China.And the ratio of net radiation to global solar radiation in the cool Northeast China is higher than the other two regions,though its temperature is lower.There are obvious regional differences in the ratios of surface sensible and latent heat fluxes to net radiation for the three regions because of distinct contribution of sensible and latent heat fluxesto land surface energy balance.The three regions are markedly different in the ratio of water vapor flux to pan evaporation,but they are consistent in the ratio of water vapor flux to precipitation.These results not only indicate different influences of climate and environmental factors on land surface thermal-hydrologic processes in the three regions,but also show that summer monsoon is important in the formation and variation of the pattern of land surface thermal-hydrologic processes.展开更多
To the Editor:With the extensive uptake of pertussis vaccine,morbidity and mortality related to pertussis have decreased significantly.The application of acellular vaccines(ACVs)occurred later in China than in develop...To the Editor:With the extensive uptake of pertussis vaccine,morbidity and mortality related to pertussis have decreased significantly.The application of acellular vaccines(ACVs)occurred later in China than in developed countries;correspondingly,the pertussis resurgence in China also began later.The latest global genotype dynamic prediction model cannot explain the B.pertussis genotype change trend in China.[1]Chinese B.pertussis strains gradually formed their own unique developmental branches.[2]Here,a phylogenetic tree of prevailing B.pertussis strains from three different regions of China was visualized by EvolView(http://www.evolgenius.info/evolview.html).A total of 199 isolated B.pertussis strains were used for the phylogenetic analysis.The B.para-pertussis strain isolated from Tianjin was used as the out-group,and Chinese strain(CS),which is widely used as a vaccine strain for ACV production in China,was used as the reference strain.In particular,we analyzed the multilocus sequence typing(MLST)and macrolide-resistance-conferring gene mutations.展开更多
文摘Any system designed to simulate the earth's atmosphere general circulation, must necessarily be based on the spatial-or temporal average conditions. Irregularities in the profiles of air motions that we observe on daily weather maps often make lose any real meaning to the general circulation. As complicated and inconsistent that is the daily traffic of air particles, it is interesting to define a general circulation characteristic of the average air transportation around the globe. Indeed, this transport responds to a need to transfer heat from the equator (heat source) to the poles (cold sources). Mbane Biouele formula (2009), derived from Clausius-Clapeyron relation (1832), now allows faithful and unique representation of the tricellular general circulation: Hence, the possibility of access to the earth’s atmosphere prevailing surface winds in summer as well as winter.
文摘In 1997, the Ohio Senate passed Senate Bill 102 which established the Ohio School Facilities Commission as a separate agency to oversee the rebuilding projects of the public schools in Ohio. The bill also exempted the construction contractors from paying prevailing wages on these projects on the hypothesis that this exemption would lower the construction cost. The purpose of this study is to investigate this hypothesis through the statistical analysis of 8,093 bids received from the years 2000 through 2007 for the schools＇ construction. Union contractors who paid their workers union wages and non-union contractors who did not pay prevailing wages bid these projects. The hypothesis, that prevailing wage laws increased the construction cost, was tested by comparing the bids/SF （square foot） from both groups （union and nonunion） for the different construction trades. The study indicated that there was statistical significant difference between the bids/square foot for union contractors and the bids/square foot for non-union contractors for only the following trades： earthwork, existing conditions, plumbing, electrical and HVAC （heating, ventilation and air conditioning）. The averages of bids/SF from the union contractors were higher than those from the non-union contractors for earthwork, existing conditions and plumbing works, and the opposite for electrical and HVAC works. There was no statistical significant difference in the bids from the communications, concrete, conveying equipment, electronic safety and security, equipment, finishes, fire suppression, furnishings, masonry, openings, structural steel, thermal and moisture protection, plastics and composites and wood works.
文摘Detailed analysis of data obtained by the Zhurong rover of dunes located on the southern Utopian Plain of Mars suggests the planet underwent a major shift in climate that accompanied changes in prevailing winds.This shift likely occurred about 400,000 years ago,which coincides with the end of the last glacial period on Mars.
文摘Rizgan took an hourlong bus ride to downtown Ummqi to . donate blood for those injured in Sunday＇s deadly riot. ＂I＇m furious at the brutal killings and hope to help those innocent people with my own blood＂ said the Uygur woman in her 50s.
文摘The Communist Party of China （CPC） first put forward the concept of the ＂important period of strategic opportunities＂ at its 16th National Congress in 2002, which spans the first 20 years of the 21st century. Whether this period of strategic opportunities still exists should be asked before development plans are implemented. Li Junru, former Vice President of the Party School of the CPC Central Committee, believes China＇s rapid development is still blessed with strategic opportunities. Edited excerpts follow：
文摘Legal panel overturn eviction of Botswana’s Bushmen from their water resources ONE of the longest surviving traditions in Southern Africa is that of the Bushmen who have lived for tens of thousands of years in the natural setting of the continental wilderness.It is estimated that there is a population of about 100,000 Bushmen in the sub-continent spanning across South Africa,Angola,Botswana and Namibia. Their way of life has continued in its virgin status of "hunting and gathering" and has thus resisted the outright acculturation that has been synonymous with most altered ways of lifestyles on the
文摘IN political terms, the South China Sea has been an expanse of turbulent waters since the Philippines took its maritime dispute with China, over the territorial sovereignty or maritime delimitation of the area, to the Permanent Court of Arbitration （PCA） in The Hague in 2013. Since that time, this issue has evolved into an example of how not to resolve international disputes. When Manila approached the PCA, allegedly based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea （UNCLOS）, it seemed unaware that territorial issues of this nature are beyond the purview of the convention. As for the maritime delimitation, in pursuant to Article 298 of the convention, China made an exclusion declaration in 2006. thereby lawfully excluding itself from any compulsory dispute settlement procedure by a third party. Apart from China, over 30 other countries, including the UK and France, have made the same exclusion declaration. Based on this, the arbitration result of the dispute is illegal.
文摘目的比较颈前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术(Anterior cervical discectomy and bone fusion,ACDF)术中采用Peek-Prevail融合器内固定与传统钉板融合器内固定治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2017-01—2020-01采用ACDF治疗的60例单节段脊髓型颈椎病,30例术中采用Peek-Prevail融合器内固定治疗(观察组),30例术中采用传统钉板融合器内固定治疗(对照组)。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、并发症情况,比较2组末次随访时颈椎曲度、椎间隙高度、JOA评分、NDI评分、疼痛VAS评分。结果 60例均顺利完成手术并获得完整随访,随访时间6~12个月,平均9.8个月。观察组术后并发症数、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量较对照组少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时观察组颈椎曲度、椎间隙高度较对照组大,JOA评分较对照组高,NDI评分、疼痛VAS评分较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ACDF术中采用Peek-Prevail融合器内固定治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病能够有效减轻患者的临床症状,改善脊髓神经功能,降低术后并发症发生率,在临床具有一定应用价值。
基金supported by State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40830957)Public Welfare Research Project of China (Grant No. GYHY200806021)
文摘The observation stations of Northern China are divided into three regions:the arid Northwest China,the Loess Plateau,and the cool Northeast China.The consistencies,differences,and associated mechanisms of land surface thermal-hydrologic processes among the three regions were studied based on the normalization of major variables of land surface thermal-hydrologic processes,using data collected during prevailing summer monsoon period(July and August,2008).It is shown that differences of surface thermal-hydrologic processes are remarkable among the three regions because of different impacts of summer monsoon.Especially their soil wet layers occur at different depths,and the average albedo and its diurnal variations are distinctly different.Surface net short-wave radiation in the Loess Plateau is close to that in the cool Northeast China,but its surface net long-wave radiation is close to that in the arid Northwest China.And the ratio of net radiation to global solar radiation in the cool Northeast China is higher than the other two regions,though its temperature is lower.There are obvious regional differences in the ratios of surface sensible and latent heat fluxes to net radiation for the three regions because of distinct contribution of sensible and latent heat fluxesto land surface energy balance.The three regions are markedly different in the ratio of water vapor flux to pan evaporation,but they are consistent in the ratio of water vapor flux to precipitation.These results not only indicate different influences of climate and environmental factors on land surface thermal-hydrologic processes in the three regions,but also show that summer monsoon is important in the formation and variation of the pattern of land surface thermal-hydrologic processes.
基金Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(No.TJYXZDXK059B)
文摘To the Editor:With the extensive uptake of pertussis vaccine,morbidity and mortality related to pertussis have decreased significantly.The application of acellular vaccines(ACVs)occurred later in China than in developed countries;correspondingly,the pertussis resurgence in China also began later.The latest global genotype dynamic prediction model cannot explain the B.pertussis genotype change trend in China.[1]Chinese B.pertussis strains gradually formed their own unique developmental branches.[2]Here,a phylogenetic tree of prevailing B.pertussis strains from three different regions of China was visualized by EvolView(http://www.evolgenius.info/evolview.html).A total of 199 isolated B.pertussis strains were used for the phylogenetic analysis.The B.para-pertussis strain isolated from Tianjin was used as the out-group,and Chinese strain(CS),which is widely used as a vaccine strain for ACV production in China,was used as the reference strain.In particular,we analyzed the multilocus sequence typing(MLST)and macrolide-resistance-conferring gene mutations.
