INSTITUTE OF VIROLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

The Institute of Virology was established in 1964. Its precursor was the Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (1949-1955), which was subsequently expanded to become the Department of Virology (1956-1963). This Institute has a total of around 350 staff and 11 departments, namely, the Departments of Hepatitis Viruses, Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses, Arboviruses, Influenza Viruses, Viral Immunology, Viral Genetics, Viral Diagnosis, Viral Oncology, Viral Morphology, Viral Biological Product Development, and the National Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering. It acts as the

INSTITUTE OF PARASITIC DISEASES CHINESE ACADEMY OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

The Institute of Parasitic Diseases was set up in 1950 in Nanjing and moved to the current location of Shanghai in 1957. Its precursor was the Huadong Branch of the National Institute of Health. It has around 350 staff and 8 departments, namely, Department of Epidemiology; Department of Parasite Biology; Department of Vector Biology and Control; Department of Diagnosis and Immunology; Department of Biochemistry; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Department of

Give Full Play the Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine to Prevent and Treat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome with Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine Approach

Member of Political Bureau of Central Committee of CPC, Vice Premier of State Council concurrently Minister of Health, General Command of National Protecting and Treating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ( SARS) Headquarters Vice premier WU Yi cordially met the well-known TCM specialists, and held a symposium with them. Sixteen specialists including WANG Yong-yan, CHEN Ke-ji, LI Fu-ren, JIAO Shu-de, HE Pu-ren, LIU

Application of the preventive treatment theory of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of chronic venous insufficiency of lower extremity

Chronic venous insufficiency is characterized by high incidence,difficult treatment and high recurrence rate.Traditional Chinese Medicine Preventive Treatment Theory is one of the important core contents in the theory of TCM.By using the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preventive Treatment,using the theory of“prevention before illness,prevention the disease continues to change and prevention repeated when the disease has been cured”,can reduce the incidence rate effectively,improve the effect of clinical treatment,it is also to enrich and develop the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preventive Treatment.

Role of flaxseed(Linum usitatissimum L.)in disease prevention and treatment

Seeds of flax or linseed(Linum usitatissimum L.)are important nutraceutical foods with antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,estrogenic,laxative,and antibacterial properties.Flaxseed oil and seeds are the richest vegetarian source of omega-3 fatty acids.Consumption of flaxseeds helps in prevention and control of cardiovascular disease,neurodegenerative disorders,obesity,diabetes mellitus,polycystic ovary syndrome,gout,liver and kidney dysfunction,oxidative stress-related diseases,post-menopausal symptoms,osteoporosis,irritable bowel syndrome,dry eye disease,cystic fibrosis,diarrhea,and cancer,particularly of the mammary and prostate gland cancer.Of late,flaxseed is gaining more importance not only because of its industrial values but also due to its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties.The literature review was performed using PubMed,Scopus,PubMed Central,Google Scholar,and Web of Science from 1995 onwards.Data was also obtained from websites/books/book chapters.

How to Pool Medical Services in Preventive Medicine Unit at 01/01/18 of Orleans Metropole/Orleans City Hall Structure: A Multi Disciplinary Network

To reform the unit of preventive medicine in Orleans metropole, the Director of the Administration decided to co-sign an agreement to optimize the organization of a common preventive medicine service: we made a deliberation model to permit for others towns which wanted to join us. The cost evaluated to reach the service was the cost for medical examination, regardless of the professional which included staff costs and operating costs (social benefits, costs of supplies and materials, training costs). A statement of the tasks performed for the beneficiary community was kept daily by the SMP. A strong will of the Metropolis and municipalities is to develop a synergy around health and safety at work. A joint Metropolis of Orleans, an organization chart since 1/2/2016 integrates the preventive medicine service within a Quality of Life at Work service: a multi-disciplinary service composed of prevention specialists, social workers, responsible for social action and SMP, a Department of Preventive Medicine was developed and itself multidisciplinary in accordance with the law of July 20, 2011: including doctors, nurses, psychologists, sophrologist, and a dietician. A new and active network of health is now operant with specialist correspondents. An audit is programmed in April 2018 to assess the efficacy of this network.

INTRODUCTION OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

The Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine (CAPM), previously known as the China National Center for Preventive Medicine before 1986, was established on December 23, 1983. It consists of eight institutes (Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Institute of Virology, Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Health and Engineering, Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Institute of Environmental Health Monitoring, Institute of Food Safety Control and Inspection) and a Vocational School of Public Health. CAPM together with its Subordinate institutes has more than 2000 staff members in total, 70% of which are scientists of different levels. Among them, 25%

INSTITUTE OF VIROLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

The Institute of Virology was established in 1964. Its precursor was the Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (1949-1955), which was subsequently expanded to become the Department of Virology (1956-1963). This Institute has a total of around 350 staffand 11 departments, namely,

INSTITUTE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

The Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology was established in 1953.It hasaround 400 staff and 18 departments,namely,the Departments of Hemorrhagic Fever,Genetic Engineering,Brucellosis,Leptospirosis,Immunology,Biochemistry,Plague,AIDS Surveillance,EPI Evaluation,Diarrhoea,Rickettsiosis,Microbiology,Meningitis,Vector Biology and Control,Disinfection,Epidemiology,Social

INSTITUTE OF PARASITIC DISEASES CHINESE ACADEMY OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

The Institute of Parasitic Diseases was set up in 1950 in Nanjing and moved to the current location of Shanghai in 1957. Its precursor was the Huadong Branch of the National Institute of Health. It has around 350 staff and 8 departments, namely, Department of Epidemiology; Department of Parasite Biology; Department of Vector Biology and Control; Department of Diagnosis and Immunology; Department of Biochemistry; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Department of Pharmacology; Department of Scientific Information; and a Central Laboratory of Instrumentation. This Institute has been designated as a WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis, and Filariasis.

INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND ENGINEERING CHINESE ACADEMY OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

The Institute of Environmental Health and Engineering,consisting of the previousDepartment of Environmental Health and the Department of Sanitary andEnvironmental Engineering of the Institute of Health founded in 1954,was establishedin1986.This Institute has around 220 staff in total and 11 departments,namely,theDepartment of Environmental Epidemiology;Department of EnvironmentalChemistry;Department of Environmental Toxicology;Department of EnvironmentalMicrobiology;Department of Soil Hygiene;Department of Water Treatment;

Foodborne parasitic diseases in China:A scoping review on current situation,epidemiological trends,prevention and control

Objective:Foodborne parasitic diseases,although with a declining overall incidence rate,are still endangering local public safety.This review aims to describe the current situation and epidemiological trends of foodborne parasitic diseases in China in order to explore possible reasons contributors to its high prevalence in some areas,and propose strategies for prevention and control accordingly.Methods:A scoping review was conducted by searching Pub Med,CNKI,Wanfang,CQVIP,Embase,and the Cochrane Library using search formula"foodborne parasitic diseases(or foodborne parasites)"AND"China".Studies on foodborne parasitic diseases in China were considered,but only articles in English or Chinese published between January 1980 and June 2020 were retrieved.Included studies were screened according to the eligibility criteria:1)diseases consistent with the WHO definition of foodborne parasitic diseases;2)the food carriers were included in the WHO food classification;3)data related to epidemiology,pathogenicity,and prevention and control;4)Foodborne parasitic diseases cases or outbreaks in China.Results:A total of 111 out of 665 records were included and summarized.The prevalence of clonorchiasis,angiostrongyliasis,echinococcosis,trichinellosis and cysticercosis was still increasing although the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes has substantially decreased in recent years.Diverse eating habits,close contact with animals,and urbanization were contributing factors to the increase.Conclusions:Foodborne parasitic diseases remain an important public health issue in China with the progress of economic globalization and food diversification.We should manage to raise public awareness about the prevention and control of foodborne parasitic diseases,improve health and safety inspections,as well as public health practice.

Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Blood Pressure:Evidence from a Large Chinese Multiple Follow-Up Study

Objective This study aimed to investigate the association of ambient PM_(2.5)exposure with blood pressure(BP)at the population level in China.Methods A total of 14,080 participants who had at least two valid blood pressure records were selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey during 2011–2015.Their long-term PM_(2.5)exposure was assessed at the geographical level,on the basis of a regular 0.1°×0.1°grid over China.A mixed-effects regression model was used to assess associations.Results Each decrease of 10μg/m^(3)in the 1 year-mean PM_(2.5)concentration(FPM1Y)was associated with a decrease of 1.24[95%confidence interval(CI):0.84–1.64]mmHg systolic BP(SBP)and 0.50(95%CI:0.25–0.75)mmHg diastolic BP(DBP),respectively.A robust association was observed between the long-term decrease in PM_(2.5)and decreased BP in the middle-aged and older population.Using a generalized additive mixed model,we further found that SBP increased nonlinearly overall with FPM1Y but in an approximately linear range when the FPM1Y concentration was<70μg/m^(3);In contrast,DBP increased approximately linearly without a clear threshold.Conclusion Efficient control of PM_(2.5)air pollution may promote vascular health in China.Our study provides robust scientific support for making the related air pollution control policies.

Characterization of oral and gut microbiome and plasma metabolomics in COVID-19 patients after 1-year follow-up

Background:Due to the outbreak and rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),more than 160 million patients have become convalescents worldwide to date.Significant alterations have occurred in the gut and oral microbiome and metabonomics of patients with COVID-19.However,it is unknown whether their characteristics return to normal after the 1-year recovery.Methods:We recruited 35 confirmed patients to provide specimens at discharge and 1 year later,as well as 160healthy controls.A total of 497 samples were prospectively collected,including 219 tongue-coating,129 stool and 149 plasma samples.Tongue-coating and stool samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing,and plasma samples were subjected to untargeted metabolomics testing.Results:The oral and gut microbiome and metabolomics characteristics of the 1-year convalescents were restored to a large extent but did not completely return to normal.In the recovery process,the microbial diversity gradually increased.Butyric acid-producing microbes and Bifidobacterium gradually increased,whereas lipopolysaccharideproducing microbes gradually decreased.In addition,sphingosine-1-phosphate,which is closely related to the inflammatory factor storm of COVID-19,increased significantly during the recovery process.Moreover,the predictive models established based on the microbiome and metabolites of patients at the time of discharge reached high efficacy in predicting their neutralizing antibody levels one year later.Conclusions:This study is the first to characterize the oral and gut microbiome and metabonomics in 1-year convalescents of COVID-19.The key microbiome and metabolites in the process of recovery were identified,and provided new treatment ideas for accelerating recovery.And the predictive models based on the microbiome and metabolomics afford new insights for predicting the recovery situation which benefited affected individuals and healthcare.

Chinese herbal medicines for prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer: From molecular mechanisms to potential clinical applications

Worldwide, colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, leading to immense social and economic burdens. Currently, the main treatments for CRC include surgery, chemotherapy,radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC, the prognosis for CRC patients remains poor. Furthermore, the occurrence of side effects and toxicities severely limits the clinical use of these therapies. Therefore, alternative medications with high efficacy but few side effects are needed. An increasing number of modern pharmacological studies and clinical trials have supported the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs) for the prevention and treatment of CRC.CHMs may be able to effectively reduce the risk of CRC, alleviate the adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy, and prolong the survival time of patients with advanced CRC. Studies of molecular mechanisms have provided deeper insight into the roles of molecules from CHMs in treating CRC. This paper summarizes the current understanding of the use of CHMs for the prevention and treatment of CRC, the main molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, the role of CHMs in modulating chemotherapyinduced adverse reactions, and CHM's potential role in epigenetic regulation of CRC. The current study provides beneficial information on the use of CHMs for the prevention and treatment of CRC in the clinic,and suggests novel directions for new drug discovery against CRC.

Reflections on Human Longevity and Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases

Life Expectancy Study International geriatric life science community, including medical and scientific communities, currently considers human life expectancy to be about 120 years. This is in congruence with recordings from ＂Hong Fan-Book of Documents （Shang Shu Hong Fan）＂, and is also in general agreement with teachings from ＂Longevity-Yellow Emperor＇s Canon of Internal Medicine （Huang Di Nei Jing ~ Tian Nian）＂ where it is said ＇a man is to die at age of a hundred years＇ meaning ＇passing away after living a hundred years＇. Recently there is a report of people dying at the age of 150 years in England, I am afraid this is misinformed.

Effectiveness of preventive medicine education and its determinants among medical students in Malaysia

Preventive medicine has been incorporated in the medical school curriculum, but its effectiveness and the factors that affect it are yet to be widely looked into in the context of Malaysia. We aimed to measure the familiarity with, perception about the importance to learn, and the ability to practice preventive medicine as well as its determinants among the medical students in Malaysia. Thus, a cross sectional study was conducted through an anonymous online survey among 387 randomly selected final year medical students of four large public medical schools in Malaysia from March to September 2014. Of the total sample, 340 （response rate 87.8%） gave a written informed consent and took part in the survey. The familiarity of the sample with preventive medicine was measured in 19 preventive medicine areas, and their perception about the importance of preventive medicine and their ability to practice it were gauged on a Likert scale （low score indicates disagreement and high indicates agreement）. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, followed by logistic regression. The mean age of the respondents was 23.7 （SD 0.77） years, and 61.2% （n = 208） of them were females. Results showed that 22.9% of the sample （n = 78） had a low familiarity with preventive medicine, whereas 76.8% （n = 261） had a high familiarity. The study sample specified that among all the preventive medicine subjects, screening and control as well as smoking cessation and immunization are ＂extremely important to learn.＂ In univariable analysis, being a female, medical school, family size, and perception about the importance to learn preventive medicine were associated with the ability to practice it. In multivariable analysis, the perception towards the importance to learn preventive medicine was the only significant determinant： aOR （adjusted odds ratio） for those who ＂agreed＂ 17.28 （95% CI aOR 4.44 - 67.26, P 〈 0.001） and for ＂strongly agreed＂ 35.87 （95% CI aOR 8.04 - 159.87, P 〈 0.001）. Considering these findings, the familiarity of medical students with preventive medicine should be increased. The perception about the importance to learn preventive medicine is a strong determinant for the ability to practice it.

Blood Pressure Balance as a Marker for Early Detection of Cerebral Infarction and a Criterion for Inclusion/Exclusion from Acupuncture Treatment

Background: Early detection of cerebral infarction (CI) by home acupuncturists might be helpful in reducing stroke mortality. We compared vital signs of patients who developed CI and those who did not to ascertain if blood pressure balance is a useful marker for the early detection of CI and for distinguishing cases with potentially effective/ineffective acupuncture treatment. Methods: In this retrospective study, vital signs such as body temperature, pulse, and blood pressure, were simultaneously obtained from the right and left arms of patients who received weekly acupuncture treatment. We focused on the differences between values obtained from the right and left arms (the balance) and compared the values of patients who developed CI [CI (+)] (n = 18) and those of age-/gender-matched patients who did not [CI (−)] (n = 18). Results: Left/right blood pressure was significantly more unbalanced in the CI (+) group than in the CI (−) group, especially immediately before the onset of CI. Moreover, all CIs occurred on the side with a lower blood pressure. Discussion and Conclusions: Blood pressure balance might aid in the early detection of CI and to determine whether treatment with traditional or modern medicine is more appropriate. Acupuncture may thus help maintain patients’ quality of life.

Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey of Knowledge and Attitudes to Colorectal Cancer Screening in Lebanon

The continuous awareness campaigns about Colorectal Cancer (CRC) directed towards the Lebanese population in order to foster preventive medicine are on the rise. The impact has been positive and reported in previous research, although the number of victims is still high. This paper aims to perform a recent cross-sectional study of Lebanese residents’ CRC awareness by comparing the findings of two studies carried out in the years 2016 and 2018. The samples of the current study include 1140 (2016) and 993 (2018) participants who completed a simple structured questionnaire directed to assess their knowledge of colon cancer and the behavioral intentions of obtaining CRC screening. Upon comparing results, the percentage of those who know about CRC has increased significantly from 40.4% in 2016 to 78.7% in 2018, the proportion of respondents who believed that family history is the major risk factor for CRC did increase significantly from 47.7% in 2016 to 90.8% in 2018. Likewise, the proportions of respondents who believed that overweight, age, and stress are among the major risk factors for CRC increased from 26.9%, 26.7% and 11.3% in 2016 to 86.2%, 52.1% and 21.51% in 2018, respectively. On the other hand, the proportions for the risk factors related to alcohol and smoking have dropped from 37.7% and 37.3% to 27.4% and 24.2%, respectively. Moreover, the most important source of information for CRC was friends (18.4% in 2016 versus 73.8% in 2018), followed by family (18.7% in 2016 versus 56.7% in 2018), and then physicians (18.9% in 2016 and 40.2% in 2018). In fact, the efforts of the non-governmental organization (NGO) SAID (118 different major activities in the span of 3 years) did make a significant difference in what relates to CRC awareness among the Lebanese population. These findings are used to encourage and support other NGOs to adopt targeted new awareness campaigns which have proven successful, and to present evidence based on facts to government officials in the Ministry of Health to support and possibly sponsor national awareness campaigns and preventive efforts to mitigate CRC levels.