利用甘南地区2006-2007年的外业实测样方草地干物质产量和MODIS植被指数数据,建立了草地地上部分干物质产量遥感反演模型,根据根冠比和干物质转碳率对2006-2008年甘南地区草地净初级生产力(NPP,netprimary productivity)进行了估算,绘...利用甘南地区2006-2007年的外业实测样方草地干物质产量和MODIS植被指数数据,建立了草地地上部分干物质产量遥感反演模型,根据根冠比和干物质转碳率对2006-2008年甘南地区草地净初级生产力(NPP,netprimary productivity)进行了估算,绘制了甘南草地NPP年累积量空间分布格局图和NPP月度变化动态图,对不同草地植被类型的NPP差异进行了评价。研究结果表明,2006-2008年甘南草地年NPP分别达637.04,599.98和566.59 g C/m2,其空间分布具有自西南向东北逐渐减少的趋势;年内不同草地类型的NPP均在7-8月达到最大累积量;NPP累积量最高的3种草地类型是沼泽、高寒灌丛草甸和高寒草甸,3年中最大月NPP的平均值分别达到1 137.28,553.76和527.66 g C/m2;2006-2008年甘南草地NPP持续下降,年草地NPP总量的减少速率为1.2Tg/a,尤其是沼泽湿地的NPP下降明显,年平均减少速率达到了125.92 g C/m2。展开更多
云平台存储和管理应用复杂的海量数据已成为必然。建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling,BIM)是从全工程建设生命周期的视角组织相关数据并协同工作,所以BIM迫切需要云计算的支持。但是面对复杂的BIM应用,如何构建云平台的超级...云平台存储和管理应用复杂的海量数据已成为必然。建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling,BIM)是从全工程建设生命周期的视角组织相关数据并协同工作,所以BIM迫切需要云计算的支持。但是面对复杂的BIM应用,如何构建云平台的超级计算模式将是一个巨大的挑战。提出一个面向BIM应用的云服务框架,在Hadoop分布式软件框架上设计了云存储、云平台服务、应用服务和客户端应用四层结构。提出了该框架下的城市空间位置检索算法,该算法采用改进的KD树作为索引表。针对大用户群的并发访问,提出了面向空间位置检索的负载均衡算法,通过统计节点访问频度设计了数据块均衡分布策略。实验表明,该框架组织的建筑信息具有并发处理能力强、响应速度快等特点。展开更多
<b> Background: </b>The World Health Organization recommends to have all pregnant women to undergo an obstetric ultrasound scan before 24 weeks gestation. However, this has been a challenge as a result of ...<b> Background: </b>The World Health Organization recommends to have all pregnant women to undergo an obstetric ultrasound scan before 24 weeks gestation. However, this has been a challenge as a result of limited access to appropriate Point of Care Ultrasound Screening (POCUS) services in lower levels of developing countries’ Health Systems, cost of care, skills gap among care providers and unclear regulatory policy frameworks. Obstetric Ultrasound scan helps to confirm viability of a pregnancy, gestational age, multiple pregnancies and it also helps rule out fetal abnormalities early enough. <b>Methods: </b>One year after intervention, a cross-sectional study was carried in the two pilot counties of <i>Kisii </i>(rural) and <i>Kajiado </i>(peri-urban). This followed after selected midwives in the two counties were trained on basic obstetric ultrasound screening for ANC women. A total of 366 women who were either in their last phases of pregnancy or had delivered within three months before the survey were interviewed. Cumulatively, the 36 midwives had screened 1,250 mothers out of whom 18 high risk pregnancies were identified. Open Data Kit (ODK) was used to collect quantitative data and analysed using STATA version 15. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data test associations between variables. Bivariate and logistic regression was used to identify predictive variables, and ORs with 95% confidence intervals used to measure the strength of the associations. <b>Findings: </b>Slightly more than a third (36%) of the women had recently delivered. In total, Kisii (rural county) had a representation of 59% of the respondents. Half of the respondents were aged between 25 - 34 years, 55% of the women interviewed were housewives while 48% had secondary level of education. Only 21% of the women had undergone routine ultrasound screening before 24 weeks of gestation with the average distance travelled by majority (45%) of the respondents to access the POCUS service being 3 - 5 km. The need to confirm a pregnancy’s gestation was the major (68.1%) motivator for seeking the service in the two pilot counties. Employment status, household income, education level, pregnancy gestation and distance to the facility had a statistical significance (<i>P</i> < 0.05) with ultrasound utilization. Highest education level, pregnancy gestation and distance to the nearest ultrasound screening facility were found to significantly predict the likelihood of utilizing the ultrasound services (<i>P </i>< 0.05). The initial training and continuous hands-on coaching of midwives by TOTs contributed a lot to acquisition of the desired basic obstetric ultrasound screening skills. <b>Conclusion: </b>Women in developing countries are eager to access obstetric ultrasound screening services but for limited opportunities and sustainable implementation frameworks on Point of Care Ultrasound Screening (POCUS) services. Training and continuous coaching of frontline health professionals are critical in deployment of POCUS but there is limited access to standardised training content.展开更多
文摘利用甘南地区2006-2007年的外业实测样方草地干物质产量和MODIS植被指数数据,建立了草地地上部分干物质产量遥感反演模型,根据根冠比和干物质转碳率对2006-2008年甘南地区草地净初级生产力(NPP,netprimary productivity)进行了估算,绘制了甘南草地NPP年累积量空间分布格局图和NPP月度变化动态图,对不同草地植被类型的NPP差异进行了评价。研究结果表明,2006-2008年甘南草地年NPP分别达637.04,599.98和566.59 g C/m2,其空间分布具有自西南向东北逐渐减少的趋势;年内不同草地类型的NPP均在7-8月达到最大累积量;NPP累积量最高的3种草地类型是沼泽、高寒灌丛草甸和高寒草甸,3年中最大月NPP的平均值分别达到1 137.28,553.76和527.66 g C/m2;2006-2008年甘南草地NPP持续下降,年草地NPP总量的减少速率为1.2Tg/a,尤其是沼泽湿地的NPP下降明显,年平均减少速率达到了125.92 g C/m2。
文摘云平台存储和管理应用复杂的海量数据已成为必然。建筑信息模型(Building Information Modeling,BIM)是从全工程建设生命周期的视角组织相关数据并协同工作,所以BIM迫切需要云计算的支持。但是面对复杂的BIM应用,如何构建云平台的超级计算模式将是一个巨大的挑战。提出一个面向BIM应用的云服务框架,在Hadoop分布式软件框架上设计了云存储、云平台服务、应用服务和客户端应用四层结构。提出了该框架下的城市空间位置检索算法,该算法采用改进的KD树作为索引表。针对大用户群的并发访问,提出了面向空间位置检索的负载均衡算法,通过统计节点访问频度设计了数据块均衡分布策略。实验表明,该框架组织的建筑信息具有并发处理能力强、响应速度快等特点。
文摘<b> Background: </b>The World Health Organization recommends to have all pregnant women to undergo an obstetric ultrasound scan before 24 weeks gestation. However, this has been a challenge as a result of limited access to appropriate Point of Care Ultrasound Screening (POCUS) services in lower levels of developing countries’ Health Systems, cost of care, skills gap among care providers and unclear regulatory policy frameworks. Obstetric Ultrasound scan helps to confirm viability of a pregnancy, gestational age, multiple pregnancies and it also helps rule out fetal abnormalities early enough. <b>Methods: </b>One year after intervention, a cross-sectional study was carried in the two pilot counties of <i>Kisii </i>(rural) and <i>Kajiado </i>(peri-urban). This followed after selected midwives in the two counties were trained on basic obstetric ultrasound screening for ANC women. A total of 366 women who were either in their last phases of pregnancy or had delivered within three months before the survey were interviewed. Cumulatively, the 36 midwives had screened 1,250 mothers out of whom 18 high risk pregnancies were identified. Open Data Kit (ODK) was used to collect quantitative data and analysed using STATA version 15. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data test associations between variables. Bivariate and logistic regression was used to identify predictive variables, and ORs with 95% confidence intervals used to measure the strength of the associations. <b>Findings: </b>Slightly more than a third (36%) of the women had recently delivered. In total, Kisii (rural county) had a representation of 59% of the respondents. Half of the respondents were aged between 25 - 34 years, 55% of the women interviewed were housewives while 48% had secondary level of education. Only 21% of the women had undergone routine ultrasound screening before 24 weeks of gestation with the average distance travelled by majority (45%) of the respondents to access the POCUS service being 3 - 5 km. The need to confirm a pregnancy’s gestation was the major (68.1%) motivator for seeking the service in the two pilot counties. Employment status, household income, education level, pregnancy gestation and distance to the facility had a statistical significance (<i>P</i> < 0.05) with ultrasound utilization. Highest education level, pregnancy gestation and distance to the nearest ultrasound screening facility were found to significantly predict the likelihood of utilizing the ultrasound services (<i>P </i>< 0.05). The initial training and continuous hands-on coaching of midwives by TOTs contributed a lot to acquisition of the desired basic obstetric ultrasound screening skills. <b>Conclusion: </b>Women in developing countries are eager to access obstetric ultrasound screening services but for limited opportunities and sustainable implementation frameworks on Point of Care Ultrasound Screening (POCUS) services. Training and continuous coaching of frontline health professionals are critical in deployment of POCUS but there is limited access to standardised training content.
