Bilevel linear programming model of charging for effluent based on price control

For the optimum price problem of charging for effluent, this paper analyzes the optimal Pigovian Tax and the serious information asymmetry problem existing in the application process of optimal Pigovian Tax, which is predominant in theory. Then the bilevel system optimizing decision-making theory is applied to give bilevel linear programming decision-making model of charging for effluent, in which the government (environmental protection agency) acts as the upper level decision-making unit and the polluting enterprises act as the lower level decision-making unit. To some extent, the model avoids the serious information asymmetry between the government and the polluting enterprises on charging for effluent.

Construction Project Bidding Prices and Price Control Mechanism

In the 21st century, especially after the accession to WTO, Construction project bidding price formation mechanism is the main characteristics of the market price of the Construction project is divided in a unified, uniform measurement unit, unified in terms of engineering and consumption of fixed rules on the basis of the implementation of market, competition fees.The first to be carried out not only the financial decision-making, corporate contractors in accordance with the different ways, according to market conditions, its technology, economic strength, through the financial decision-making self-quotation. Second, it is necessary to exercise effective control, both the Construction project bidding price by the form of the contract price is fixed.By design, material procurement, construction management on the implementation of bidding for the effective control of prices.

Regulating and Controlling the Rising Prices of Geographical Indication Products in Inflation——taking Geographical Indication Products from Chongqing as an Example

Since July 2010,the prices of geographical indication products have risen with the occurrence of inflation.In contrast with other products,geographical indication products are distinct.The increasing prices of geographical indication goods have their own necessities.From the perspective of the products,they are equipped with appreciation potential due to the cultural pe culiarities.From the historical standpoint,their prices have not been high as well as other agricultural products.Realistically,the increase in their prices results from the costs of labors and raw materials.Therefore,the prices of geographical indication products rise to catch up.Not only are their prices at a reasonable level,but also they are beneficial to increase peasants'income.In con clusion,it is necessary that the strategies which are different from those of other products be adopted to regulate and control the prices of geographical indication products.

The Price Model of Aquatic Products Based on Predictive Control Theory

This paper discusses a disequilibrium cobweb model of price of aquatic products, and applies predictive control theory, so that the system operates stably, and the deviation between supply and demand of aquatic products smoothly tracks the pre-given target. It defines the supply and demand change model, and researches the impact of parameter selection in this model on dynamic state and robustness of the system. I conduct simulation by Matlab software, to get the response curve of this model. The results show that in the early period of commodities coming into the market, affected by lack of market information and many other factors, the price fluctuates greatly in a short time. The market will gradually achieve balance between supply and demand over time, and the price fluctuations in the neighbouring two periods are broadly consistent. The increase in model parameter can decrease overshoot, to promote the stability of system, but the slower the dynamic response, the longer the deviation between supply and demand to accurately track a given target. Therefore, by selecting different parameters, the decision-makers can establish different models of supply and demand changes to meet the actual needs, and ensure stable development of market. Simulation results verify the excellent performance of this algorithm.

Grain Prices in China: a Review and Policy Proposals

Based on in-depth analysis of grain price fluctuations and their repercussions since 2003, this paper summarizes national grain price control measures undertaken in recent years, identifies their effects and remaining problems, and calls on relevant departments to pay close attention to current grain production and the grain market. Lastly, the paper puts forward policy proposals for making price regulation more predictive, directed and e ective.

On the Transmission Mechanism of the Chinese Land Policy in Macroeconomic-control: A Theoretical Study Based on Modified IS-LM Model

The purposes of this paper are to bring land factor into the general fame of national product and develop a new modified‘IS-LM equilibrium model',aiming to find out the impacts of land factor on the effective allocation of capital between total supply and total demand constituting gross national product,to analyze the relation mechanism among land factor and macroeconomic variables,and to discuss the theoretical mechanism under which land,fiscal and monetary policy are integrated. Methods employed include econometrics and model analysis. The results indicate that:( i) on the conditions that the equilibrium of supply and demand in land market,the modified IS-LM model taking into account land factor successfully performs transmission mechanism of land policy participation in macroeconomic-control by means of money capital regulation;( ii) the direction and intensity of land policy control are effected by elasticity of land supply and land price,meanwhile different characteristics of land supply elasticity exit in different stages of economic development;( iii) the realization of IS-LM equilibrium requires the aggregate effects of fiscal,monetary and land policy. It is concluded that land policies for macroeconomic-control drives land price higher,and land supply regulation would diminish financial effect. During the economic expansion or recovery period,the effect of expansionary land policy would be counteracted by high land price. During the economic transition or recession period,the government could control economical operation better through tightening land policy.

捆绑销售供应链定价和质量控制策略研究

文章以单供应商、单零售商生产销售畅销品和滞销品供应链为研究对象,在考虑市场需求依赖零售商定价和供应商质量控制努力前提下,分别建立单独销售和捆绑销售下的供应商占主导、零售商占主导的Stackelberg博弈模型,推导出各模型下零售商的最优定价、供应商的最优质量控制策略。通过比较分析2种博弈模型下的供应链成员的策略和利润,得出如下结论:与供应商占主导相比,当零售商占主导时,无论是单独销售还是捆绑销售,零售商都会对滞销品制定较高的零售价格,供应商都会对滞销品投入较多的质量控制努力费用;在单独销售情形下,零售商对畅销品制定较高的零售价格,供应商对畅销品投入较多的质量控制努力费用;在捆绑销售情形下,结果恰好相反,零售商对畅销品制定较低的零售价格,供应商对畅销品投入较少的质量控制努力费用。无论是单独销售还是捆绑销售,供应商和零售商都在各自占主导时获得最大利润,也即序贯博弈中先动优势可以带来更多收益;但对供应链整体来说,零售商占主导的Stackelberg博弈是供应链双方的最佳选择。

股市下行背景下股权质押对民营企业控制权与绩效的影响

随着股权质押规模的不断扩大及市场风险的不断增加,2018年我国股市出现股权质押危机。本文以2018年股价崩盘事件作为外生准自然实验,运用Logit-DID模型研究股市下行时股权质押对上市民营企业控制权与绩效的影响。研究发现:股价下跌时,若企业无股权质押,大股东会增加自身持股,降低控制权丧失风险;当企业股权质押达到一定比例,股价下跌会增加企业控制权丧失风险;企业控制权转移有损未来经营绩效,而缓解股权质押危机的纾困政策可能导致民营企业转变为国有资本控股,通过影响经理人代理问题加剧企业绩效损失。研究结论对优化资本市场监管执行、维持资产价格稳定、保护投资人与上市企业等方面具有重要启示意义。

Game-theoretic approach to power and admission control in hierarchical wireless sensor networks

Power efficiency and link reliability are of great impor- tance in hierarchical wireless sensor networks （HWSNs）, espe- cially at the key level, which consists of sensor nodes located only one hop away from the sink node called OHS. The power and admission control problem in HWSNs is comsidered to improve its power efficiency and link reliability. This problem is modeled as a non-cooperative game in which the active OHSs are con- sidered as players. By applying a double-pricing scheme in the definition of OHSs＇ utility function, a Nash Equilibrium solution with network properties is derived. Besides, a distributed algorithm is also proposed to show the dynamic processes to achieve Nash Equilibrium. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effec- tiveness of the proposed algorithm.

供应链核心企业财务公司的双边利率定价模型研究

供应链核心企业财务公司的目标是提升链内企业总体资金能力。本文以最优控制理论为指导,基于已有的定价策略模型,以资金成本、预期损失、信誉水平为影响因素构建供应链核心企业财务公司的双边利率定价模型,求解财务公司双边利率的最优值,通过算例分析和图像模拟验证了结果的可行性。结果表明:财务公司的最优贷款利率和最优存款利率之间存在相互影响的函数关系;最优贷款利率随单位成本和信誉水平增加而增加,随预期损失的增加而减小;最优存款利率随单位成本和预期损失的增加而减小,随信誉水平增加而增加,旨在有效指导供应链财务公司进行合理的利率定价。

企业ESG表现缓解了股价延迟吗?--基于我国A股上市公司的经验证据

以2008—2021年华证ESG评级上市公司为研究样本,探究企业ESG表现对股价延迟的影响及作用机制。结果表明:企业ESG表现能够有效缓解股价延迟,股票流动性水平、分析师关注和内部控制质量是企业ESG表现缓解股价延迟的重要作用路径。截面异质性分析发现:企业ESG表现对股价延迟的缓解作用在非国有企业、非政企关联企业以及审计质量较高组中更强。研究结论为提升我国资本市场信息效率提供了新的线索,为推动企业ESG实践提供了必要启示。

房产税是否促进了劳动力流动?

劳动力流动是高效的资源再配置过程,合理有序的劳动力流动有利于推动城市发展。房产税的实施在稳定房地产市场的同时,也会改变城市发展状况,进而影响劳动力流动抉择。基于2005—2019年35个大中城市数据,利用合成控制法对房产税实施如何影响劳动力流动进行检验。研究发现:房产税实施能够吸引劳动力流入。机制检验证实:房产税主要通过影响房价和地方财政收入发挥作用。进一步分析显示:房产税对不同技能、不同行业劳动力流动存在差异影响。上海房产税政策吸引中、高技能劳动力流入,挤出低技能劳动力;重庆房产税政策有利于中技能劳动力流入,挤出高、低技能劳动力。从不同行业间劳动力流动视角来看,房产税政策在一定程度上可以抑制非实体经济行业劳动力规模过度扩张,减少实体经济行业劳动力过度流出。

QoS awared power and admission controls based on non-cooperative game theory in wireless networks

In order to better accommodate heterogeneous quality of service (QoS) in wireless networks, an algorithm called QoS-aware power and admission controls (QAPAC) is proposed. The system is modeled as a non-cooperative game where the users adjust their transmit powers to maximize the utility, thus restraining the interferences. By using adaptive utility functions and tunable pricing parameters according to QoS levels, this algorithm can well meet different QoS requirements and improve system capacity compared with those that ignore the QoS differences.

银行行政处罚监管与审计定价:溢出还是替代?——来自中国上市商业银行的经验证据

以2007—2021年沪深A股上市银行为研究样本,探究银行监管机构行政处罚监管对审计定价决策的影响,研究发现银行监管机构的行政处罚监管显著提高了银行审计定价,经过一系列稳健性检验后结论依然成立,佐证了溢出效应假说。同时,作用机制检验结果表明,行政处罚监管主要是通过风险溢价的路径提高了审计定价。进一步分析发现:行政处罚监管强度越大以及查出内部控制相关问题越多,审计定价越高;在非国有银行、非“四大”会计师事务所审计、内部控制质量低和信息不对称高这四种情形下,行政处罚监管对审计定价提高的影响更为显著;行政处罚监管对外部审计的溢出效应能够促进双方发挥协同治理功能,从而更好地抑制了银行违法违规倾向。研究结论对银行监管机构和外部审计师加强协作,扎实推进党的二十大报告和中央金融工作会议强调的加强和完善现代金融监管、守住不发生系统性风险底线的方针具有重要启示意义。

随机需求下考虑竞争因素的众包快递平台定价策略研究

伴随着“共享经济”模式的高速发展,众包快递模式应运而生。在此背景下,文章针对众包快递平台需求呈现随机且波动变化的特点,考虑众包快递平台之间的竞争,基于古诺竞争博弈理论,建立了考虑市场需求和市场竞争的动态定价模型,并运用变分法求解最优的价格问题。由于市场需求的变动,众包快递平台的最优服务价格会发生动态的改变,同时也受到平台间竞争的影响,最优服务价格将随着平台之间竞争强度的变化而变化。

江苏省疾病预防控制中心采购全流程智能化管理初探

江苏省疾病预防控制中心(以下简称“疾控中心”)为了提高采购效率、降低采购成本以及增强采购流程的透明度和可追溯性,研发了采购全流程管理及比价系统。该系统基于互联网技术,集成了数字化和自动化的特点,提供了涵盖不同采购金额和不同采购模式的完整采购流程解决方案。本文将从技术支撑、系统功能及运行效果等方面详细阐述该系统解决的主要问题,并介绍人工智能在供应商寻源中的应用以提升系统的效能。采购全流程智能化实现了提质增效、控制成本,同时全程可溯源,确保了采购安全。

针对温控负载变化的虚拟电厂控制策略研究

温控负载是一种变化剧烈、波动频繁、高峰负荷比例较高的负载,对电网的安全产生了极大的影响。为了应对这一问题,系统的输出功率往往会超过90%负荷最大值的调峰限制。针对虚拟电厂(VPP)系统内的超限过程进行了研究,并提出了2种控制策略,以降低超限总电量或者利用超限电量的同时获取收益。在验证策略的控制效果时,选取了2种由温控负载引起的功率需求的典型变化。研究结果表明,温控负载引起的功率需求峰值的变化对策略具有重要影响。在安全模式下,超限比例与峰值的增加呈反比,而与平均功率的增加呈正比;在收益模式下,峰值变化会影响储能放电过程,平均功率变化则会影响储能充电过程。随着功率需求的增加,收益逐渐减小,收益范围为3.62万~3.25万元。

住房限购、公众预期与房价调控——来自中国热点城市房地产市场的证据

本文以第二轮限购政策为研究对象,使用中国热点城市2015年1月至2021年4月二手房市场数据作为研究样本,采用多期DID联立方程研究政策实施、公众预期与房价调控之间关系。研究发现:第一,限购政策无显著效果,且限价政策会导致新建住宅和二手房房价倒挂。第二,政府出台限购政策主要考虑市场交易量、房价以及公众预期三个方面,是基于房地产市场活跃程度、居民承受的房价压力和政府面对的社会压力做出的决策。第三,公众预期会存在两种效应,即非理性预期的直接效应和舆论压力引致政府非理性决策的间接效应。第四,二线城市、京津冀城市群以及土地财政依赖度较强的城市实施的限购政策效果较差。

高速公路养护成本“定价”管控问题研究——以X公司为例

高速公路由于投资大、回收期长、见效慢,投入运营后所需管理、养护工作量大。如何建好路、养好路、管好路、护好路,充分发挥高速公路在国民经济和社会发展中的重要作用,成为人们关注的焦点。随着江西省高速公路网的日趋完善,高速公路的工作重心也从快速新建转向新建与养护并重上来,并逐渐向养护转变。鉴于此,选取X公司为研究对象,探讨其养护成本“定价”管控现状与存在的问题,并在此基础上提出规范体系制度建设、调整预算编制方法、强化预算执行控制、更新预算执行机制、改进预算考核指标、实施预算奖惩制度等相关对策,进一步推动X公司养护成本“定价”管控。

抗战时期行政院经济会议、国家总动员会议的物价管制及其成效

全面抗战爆发后,国民政府先后建立了行政院经济会议、国家总动员会议,对审查协调、督导推动物价管制政策及其实施发挥了总揽全局的作用,并取得一定成效,但未能达到稳定物价的目的。经济会议、国家总动员会议的经济检察工作深陷权责不清、效率低下和苛扰民间的困境,未能有效抑制违反管制政策的行为。国民党战时集权政治结构和党内日益恶化的政治生态是制约物价管制成效的深层因素。