Electroacupuncture with different waveforms for primary dysmenorrhea:A randomized controlled trial

Objective:To observe and compare the clinical effects of different electroacupuncture waveforms on primary dysmenorrhea.Methods: This was a prospective,randomized,three-group,parallel-controlled trial.Participants with primary dysmenorrhea were randomly divided into dense-sparse wave,continuous wave,and discontinuous wave groups in a 1:1:1 ratio.Two lateral Ciliao(BL 32)points were used.All three groups started treatment 3–5 days before menstruation,once a day for six sessions per course of treatment,one course of treatment per menstrual cycle,and three menstrual cycles.The primary outcome measure was the proportion with an average visual analog scale(VAS)score reduction of≥50%from baseline for dysmenorrhea in the third menstrual cycle during treatment.The secondary outcome measures included changes in dysmenorrhea VAS scores,Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale scores and the proportion of patients taking analgesic drugs.Results: The proportion of cases where the average VAS score for dysmenorrhea decreased by≥50%from baseline in the third menstrual cycle was not statistically significant(P>.05).Precisely 30 min after acupuncture and regarding immediate analgesia on the most severe day of dysmenorrhea,there was a statistically significant difference in the dense-sparse wave group compared with the other two groups during the third menstrual cycle(P<.05).Additionally,there was a statistically significant difference between the dense-sparse wave and discontinuous wave groups 24 h after acupuncture(P<.05).Conclusions: Waveform electroacupuncture can alleviate primary dysmenorrhea and its related symptoms in patients.The three groups showed similar results in terms of short-and long-term analgesic efficacy and a reduction in the number of patients taking analgesic drugs.Regarding achieving immediate analgesia,the dense-sparse wave group was slightly better than the other two groups.

PD-1抗体联合胸腺肽α1、肝动脉灌注化疗治疗原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的疗效观察

目的探究程序性死亡蛋白-1(PD-1)抗体联合胸腺肽α1、肝动脉灌注化疗(HAIC)治疗原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓(PVTT)的疗效。方法选择2021年8月—2022年8月石家庄市第五医院介入医学科治疗的原发性肝癌合并PVTT患者50例,以随机数字表法分为PD-1组(n=25)和对照组(n=25)。对照组给予胸腺肽α1与HAIC治疗,PD-1组给予PD-1抗体联合胸腺肽α1、HAIC治疗。比较2组患者客观缓解率、肝功能指标、血清肿瘤标志物、免疫功能指标。结果PD-1组的客观缓解率高于对照组(48.00%vs.20.00%,χ^(2)/P=4.367/0.037)。治疗6周、12周后,2组Alb均升高,TBil、ALT均降低,且治疗12周后PD-1组升高/降低幅度显著大于对照组(t/P=2.897/0.006、3.424/<0.001、2.658/<0.001);2组患者甲胎蛋白(AFP)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-2(IGFBP-2)均降低,且治疗12周后PD-1组低于对照组(t/P=3.934/<0.001、5.992/<0.001);2组患者CD8^(+)均降低,CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均升高,且治疗12周后PD-1组降低/升高幅度大于对照组(t/P=3.110/<0.001、2.414/0.020)。结论PD-1抗体联合胸腺肽α1、HAIC治疗能够改善原发性肝癌合并PVTT患者的肝功能和免疫功能,降低血清肿瘤标志物水平,延缓肿瘤进展,疗效显著。

Wenjing Zhitong recipe exhibits potential anti-primary dysmenorrhea properties by inhibiting COX2 and PKC signaling pathway in rats induced by estradiol benzoate and oxytocin

Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of action of the Wenjing Zhitong recipe(WZR)in primary dysmenorrhea(PD)treatment.Methods:Uterine contractions were induced by estradiol benzoate and oxytocin in a PD model and WZR was administrated.The rate of change in uterine contractility and the writhing test were used to evaluate the effects of WZR.The serum levels of prostaglandin F_(2a)(PGF_(2a))and prostaglandin E_2(PGE_2),and the activity of cyclooxygenase-2(COX2)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The changes in phosphor-phospholipase C(pPLC/PLC),phosphor-protein kinase C(pPKC/PKC),and connexin 43(CX43)expression were detected using immunohistochemistry and western blot.Results:WZR significantly reduced the rate of change in uterine contractility and writhing times in the PD model.WZR treatment inhibited the enzymatic activity of COX2 and reduced the levels of PGF_(2a),PGF_(2a)/PGE2and COX2 in the PD model.WZR also significantly reduced the expression of pPLC/PLC,pPKC/PKC and CX43.Targeting the inhibition of COX2 activity,caffeic acid and 1-acetyl-β-carboline were validated as the active ingredients in WZR responsible for reducing uterine contractions.Conclusion:WZR attenuated PD by inhibiting COX2 activity,downregulating PGF_(2a)/PGE_2 expression,and inhibiting the PKC signaling pathway.

PD-1抑制剂治疗肝炎相关原发性肝癌的病毒再激活研究进展

原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,慢性乙型病毒性肝炎、慢性丙型病毒性肝炎是HCC发生的主要危险因素,因慢性感染促进程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(PD-1)/程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)等免疫共抑制分子的释放,导致免疫耐受及肿瘤的发生。近年来,以免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)为主的综合治疗已广泛运用于晚期肿瘤的治疗,然而,其导致的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)再激活相关研究报道较少,该文就PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗肝炎相关原发性肝癌的病毒再激活进行综述。

卡瑞利珠单抗联合化疗药物热灌注对原发性肝癌PD-1/PD-L1信号通路的影响

目的:探究基于PD-1/PD-L1信号通路探究卡瑞丽珠单抗联合化疗药物热灌注治疗原发性肝癌的作用机制。方法:选取我院于2019年2月至2021年3月收治的中晚期PHC患者80例,随机分为化疗药物热灌注组和卡瑞利珠单抗联合组,每组40例。化疗药物热灌注组给予化疗药物热灌注治疗,卡瑞利珠单抗联合组在化疗药物热灌注治疗后,给予卡瑞利珠单抗联合治疗。比较两组患者近期临床疗效;流式细胞仪检测血清中肿瘤标志物(CEA、AFP、AFP-L3)及T淋巴细胞亚群变化;比较肝功能指标(ALT、AST、TBIL、ALP);检测外周血中PD-1和PD-L1表达;比较不良反应发生率;对患者进行随访,采用Kaplan-Meier绘制生存曲线比较生存率。结果:卡瑞利珠单抗联合组患者近期临床疗效、外周血中CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值高于化疗药物热灌注组,血清中AFP、AFP-L3、CEA水平、ALT、AST、TBIL、ALP水平及外周血中PD-1和PD-L1表达均低于化疗药物热灌注组(P<0.05)。卡瑞利珠单抗联合组疼痛发生率较化疗药物热灌注组降低,生存率较化疗药物热灌注组升高(P<0.05)。结论:卡瑞利珠单抗联合化疗药物热灌注可通过抑制PD-1/PD-L1信号通路激活T淋巴细胞亚群,从而提高机体抗肿瘤免疫功能,延长患者生存期并减少疼痛,值得临床推广。

SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF CONNEXIN 43 GENE EXPRESSION AFTER ACUPOINTS AND ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT FOR PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture treatment on silencing the expression of Oonnexin 43 （Cx43）, and to study the analgesic mechanism of acupuncture treatment for primary dysmenorrhea （PD） in rats. Methods We used estrostilben to develop the model of primary dysmenorrhea in rat, and RNA interference technology to silence the expression of Cx43 in acupoints. Fifty female rats were randomly divided into five groups （n = 10 in each group） ： normal, model, acupuncture, acupuncture ＋ interference and acupuncture＋ interference control group, pSilencer-Cx43-shRNA and pSilencer-Oon-shRNA were injected locally into the acupoints in interference group and interference-control group, respectively. The incidence rate of writhe reaction over the period of 30 min was evaluated. The expression of the oxytocin receptor （OTR） and vasopressin receptor（VasR） in rat myometrium with Semiquantitative RT-POR and immunohistochemistry. Results （1）The mRNA and protein level of Cx43 in acupoints in interference group were significantly lower those of in the acupuncture group （P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference between acupuncture and interference-control group. （2） Acupuncture could significantly prolong the latency period of writhing body and decrease the number of writhing body as compared with that of model group and interference group. （3）The level of OTR and VasR mRNA and protein in the model group were significantly higher （P〈0.05） as compared to normal group. The results in acupuncture group and interference-control group were similar to the normal group. The results in interference group were similar to the model group. Conclusions Acupuncture may be useful in the treatment of the model of primary dysmenorrhea in the rats. Local injection of Cx43 shRNA expression vetor could silence the expression of Cx43 in acupoint and markedly influence acupuncture effect, demonstrating Cx43 is involved in acupuncture effect.

OBSERVATION OF THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF Zhìyīn(至阴BL 67) ON 110 CASES OF PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA WITH ACU-MOXIBUSTION

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of primary dysmenorrhea treated with acu-moxibus- tion. Methods 220 cases of primary dysmenorrhea were randomized into control group and treatment group, 110 cases in each one. In control group, fenbid was administered. In treatment group, ZhiyTn （至阴 BL 67） was selected in combination of auricular-point pressing therapy. Results The total effective rate was 94.5% in treatment group and was 76. 4 % in control group, indicating very significant difference （P〈0. 01） in com- parison. Conclusion Acu-moxibustion on BL 67 in combination of auricular-point pressing therapy presents definite therapeutic effect on primary dysmenorrhea, thus, this therapy is worth to be promoted entirely in practice.

Effect of Alpinia officinarum Hance alcohol extracts on primary dysmenorrheal

Objective:To study the effect of Alpinia officinarum Hance(A.officinarum) 80% alcohol extract on the primary dysmenorrhea.Methods:A.officinarum 80% alcohol extract were enriched by macroporous adsorption resins.Female mice of primary dysmenorrhea model were established by oxytocin induction; the effects of A.officinarum 80% alcohol extract on primary dysmenorrhea were observed by body twist method; and the homogenate level of prostaglandin F_(2α)(PGF_(2α)),prostaglandin E_2(PGE_2) and Ca^(2+) in the uterus were observed in oxytocin-induced female mice.Results:The writhing frequency of primary dysmenorrhea mice was significantly decreased after treatment of A.officinarum 80% alcohol extract and the level of PGF_(2α),PGE_2 and Ca^(2+) in mice uterus was significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01) in groups of mice treated with middle and high dosage of A.officinarum 80% alcohol extract compared with that of model group.Conclusions:These findings suggest that A.Officinarum 80% alcohol extract can significantly relieve primary dysmenorrhea.

PD-1抑制剂联合靶向药物治疗晚期原发性肝癌的安全性及临床疗效观察

目的:探讨PD-1抑制剂联合靶向药物治疗晚期原发性肝癌的安全性及有效性。方法:选取2020至2021年本院收治的70例晚期原发性肝癌患者作为研究对象,分为两组,分别予以单药PD-1抑制剂治疗(单药治疗组)、PD-1抑制剂联合靶向药物治疗(联合用药组),并对两组患者的相关病历资料及获取的有效性及安全性数据行回顾性分析。结果:安全性比较可知,单药治疗组发生不良事件的比率分别为皮肤及皮下组织类疾病占17.14%,肝功能异常占25.71%,血液学毒性占31.42%,全身性症状占8.57%,胃肠道占17.14%,呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病占11.43%,代谢及营养类疾病占20.00%,肾脏及泌尿系统疾病占5.71%,内分泌系统疾病占5.71%;联合用药组发生不良事件的比率分别为皮肤及皮下组织类疾病占22.85%,肝功能异常占28.57%,血液学毒性占25.71%,全身性症状占11.43%,胃肠道占20.00%,呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病占14.29%,代谢及营养类疾病占17.14%,肾脏及泌尿系统疾病占8.57%,内分泌系统疾病占2.86%,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05),联合用药并不会增加不良事件发生。有效性比较可知,单药治疗组患者的完全缓解率为8.57%、部分缓解率为31.43%、疾病稳定率为48.57%、疾病进展率为11.43%;联合治疗组患者的完全缓解率为14.29%、部分缓解率为54.29%、疾病稳定率为25.71%、疾病进展率为5.71%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合用药组对疾病更为有效。T淋巴细胞水平高于单药组(P<0.05)。结论:对晚期原发性肝癌患者行PD-1抑制剂联合靶向药物治疗比单药PD-1抑制剂提升T淋巴细胞水平,治疗能取得更好的临床效果,保证患者足够的安全性。

Effects of Acupressure and Ibuprofen on the Severity of Primary Dysmenorrhea

The present study aims at comparing the effects of acupressure using new combination of acupoints, and Ibuprofen on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea (PD). 216 female high school students, aged between 14 to 18 years, were randomly selected and divided into three groups. Each group underwent different treatment techniques: acupressure, Ibuprofen and sham acupressure as a placebo. The results indicated that the three therapeutic techniques were significantly effective in reducing the pain. However the therapeutic efficacies of acupressure and Ibuprofenwere similar with no significant difference, and were significantly better thanthe placebo. Thus acupressure, with no complications, is recommended as an alternative and also a better choice in the decrease of the severity of PD. ……

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON 96 CASES OF PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA TREATED BY MEDICINE-SEPARATED MOXIBUSTION AND INVESTIGATION ON ITS MECHANISMS

Objective： To observe the therapeutic effect of medicine-separated moxibustion for primary dysmenorrhea and its influence on plasma hormone level. Methods. Ninety-six patients suffering from primary dysmenorrhea were randomly and evenly divided into trealment group treated with medicine-separated moxibustion of Shenque （神阙 CV 8, 3-5 cones every time, beginning 1 week before onset of menstruation and stopping on the 3^rd day after onset, with 10 sessions being a therapeutic oourse, 3 courses all together）, and control group treated with oral administration of Yueyueshu （月月舒 menstruation-smoothing granule, 10 g/time, b.i.d, 3 courses altogether）. Menses prostaglandin E2（PGF2α） and plasma oxytocin （OT） during menstruation were determined by radioimmunoassay. Results; After the treatment, of the two 48 cases in treatment and control groups, 18 and 5 were cured, 24 and 9 had marked improvement in their symptoms, 6 and 26 had improvement, 0 and 8 failed in the treatment, with the total effective rates being 100. 096 and 83.3% respectively, the therapeutic effect of treatment group was markedly superior to that of control group （P〈0.05）. After the treatment, the contents of menses PGF2α in treatment group and plasma OT in both groups were significantly lower than those of pre-treatment （ P〈 0.01 ）. The therapeutic effect of moxibustion was significant- ly better than that of medication in lowering plasma OT. Conclusion： Medicine-separated moxibustion works well in treating primary dysmenorrhea, and moxibustion induced decrease of menses PGF2α and plasma OT may contribute to its effect in relieving dysmenorrhea.

ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF 26 CASES OF PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA

In the present paper, 26 cases of primary dysmenorrhea were treated with acupuncture at Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6). Results showed that after only two sessions of treatment, 16 cases were cured, 8 improved and 2 ineffective, with an effective rate of 92%.

AN ANALYSIS ON THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF ACUPUNCTURE AT SANYINJIAO POINT FOR TREATMENT OF 120 CASES OF PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA

In the present paper, the authors make an analysis on the therapeutic effect of acupunc-ture at Sanyinjiao(SP 6) alone for treatment of 120 cases of primary dysmenorrhea. Results show atotal effective rate of 96.7%.

Intervention Study on Hypnotherapy of Primary Dysmenorrhea in Female College Students

Objective:To understand the relevant situation of primary dysmenorrhea among the subjects and target the relief of pain and associated symptoms through hypnotherapy only.Methods:The study recruited a total of 23 female college students who underwent primary dysmenorrhea as objects and conducted a self-report study.The clinical effect of hypnotic suggestion on primary dysmenorrhea was analyzed using the Visual Analogue Scale and the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire as observation indexes.Results:This finding demonstrated a significant reduction in the primary pain score after treatment(t=6.59,P<0.01).Moreover,no significant difference was noted between the first time and the second and third times after treatment.A significant difference was observed in the total scores of MDQ before and after treatment,which indicated the positive effect of hypnotherapy(F=28.52,P<0.001).After treatment,the scores of pain(F=7.85,P<0.001),concentration(F=5.12,P<0.001),behavioural change(F=8.12,P<0.001),autonomic reactions(F=14.54,P<0.001),water retention(F=5.7,P<0.001)and negative effect(F=16.08,P<0.001)were significantly lower than that of before treatment.Through a comparison of the correlation between the reduction rate of pain score and suggestibility at different stages of treatment,the study noted no significant correlation(P>0.05).Conclusion:The experimental results demonstrate that hypnotherapy is effective in treating primary dysmenorrhea.hypnotherapy intervention can improve negative emotions and level of attention and promote behavior change.

Acupuncture Point Injection of Vitamin K1 to Treat Severe Primary Dysmenorrhea: Case Series at a Women’s Health Service in Bologna

Introduction and Aim: Vitamin K acupuncture point injection is an effective and safe menstrual pain treatment derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine, commonly used in some Chinese hospitals. This case series investigated the effectiveness and safety of vitamin K acupuncture point injection on menstrual pain in patients with severe primary dysmenorrhea at a regional public health clinic at Bologna, Italy. Methods: From September 2006 to July 2010, 24 women were enrolled and treated during their first day of menstrual pain with an injection of 1 ml of solution containing 5 mg of vitamin K1 in an acupuncture point San Yin Jiao/Spleen 6 (SP6) bilaterally on the inside of each lower leg above the ankle. Results: Treatment was well tolerated and no major adverse events were reported. Pain relief was observed starting from 2 minutes after treatment and within 30 minutes. All treated women but one (96%) reported a substantial pain reduction (p 0.001). During the six post-treatment follow-up cycles, a trend toward a reduction of menstrual distress evaluated by the Cox Pain Intensity and Duration Scales was documented. Women reported fewer daily life restrictions and consumption of fewer analgesic tablets when compared to what they reported at the pre-treatment cycle. Conclusions: The results of this case series indicate that in primary dysmenorrhea a single vitamin K1 injection in the SP6 acupuncture point has an immediate pain-relieving effect and may ameliorate menstrual pain intensity and duration in post-treatment follow-up cycles.

Serum Metabolomic Characteristics of Primary Dysmenorrhea Rat Model Induced by Estradiol Benzoate Combined with Oxytocin

[Objectives]To investigate the serum metabolomic characteristics of primary dysmenorrhea rat model induced by estradiol benzoate combined with oxytocin,and to reveal its material basis.[Methods]20 female SD rats were randomly divided into control group and model group.The primary dysmenorrhea rat model was established by subcutaneous injection of estradiol benzoate for 10 consecutive days and intraperitoneal injection of oxytocin on the last day.The serum samples of rats in control group and model group were collected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(Q-TOF-MS).The differential metabolites were identified by multivariable pattern recognition method and endogenous metabolite database,and the metabolic pathways were enriched by Metaboanalyst 5.0 platform.[Results]There were significant differences in serum metabolic profiles between the two groups.A total of 36 potential biomarkers of primary dysmenorrhea including L-tyrosine,glycocholic acid,citric acid,palmitoyl carnitine and cholesterol were screened and identified,mainly involving metabolic pathways such as phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis,glycerophospholipid metabolism,and primary bile acid biosynthesis.[Conclusions]The serum metabolic profile of primary dysmenorrhea rats deviates significantly from that of healthy rats,and there are multiple metabolic pathway disorders,which are mainly related to phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis,glycerophospholipid metabolism,and primary bile acid biosynthesis.

PD-1抑制剂联合乐伐替尼治疗原发性肝癌的疗效及对血清血管内皮生长因子、可溶性血管细胞黏附因子的影响

目的:探究程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1(PD-1)抑制剂联合乐伐替尼治疗晚期原发性肝癌的临床疗效及对患者血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、可溶性血管细胞黏附因子(sVCAM1)表达的影响。方法:选取本院2019年4月—2021年4月收治的晚期不能进行手术治疗的原发性肝癌患者120例,随机分为两组,各60例,观察组采用PD-1抑制剂联合乐伐替尼治疗,对照组采用乐伐替尼单药治疗。比较两组患者的近期疗效、血清VEGF、sVCAM1表达水平、肝功能指标及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组治疗总有效率为70.00%,显著高于对照组的48.33%(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的VEGF、sVCAM1、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、血清总胆红素(TBIL)及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组与对照组的VEGF[(225.47±45.09)、(247.64±49.53)]ng/mL、sVCAM1[(637.42±127.45)、(712.55±142.51)]ng/mL,AST[(38.72±7.74)、(45.33±9.07)]U/L、ALT[(40.57±8.11)、(47.36±9.47)]U/L、TBIL[(10.38±2.08)、(12.51±2.50)]μmol/L、ALP[(64.57±12.91)、(72.35±14.47)]U/L水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组与对照组患者不良反应发生率(21.67%vs 23.33%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:PD-1抑制剂联合乐伐替尼可以显著提高晚期原发性肝癌患者的治疗效果,改善患者肝功能及免疫功能等,且安全性较好。

Effect of Th1/Th2 balance on serum prostaglandin,COX-2,AVP and OT in primary dysmenorrhea rats with cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome

Objective:Explore the role of Th1/Th2 balance in the pathogenesis of primary dysmenorrhea through study the effect of Th1/Th2 balance drift on serum prostaglandin F_(2α),prostaglandin,6-keto-prostaglandin F_(1α),TXB2,COX-2,AVP and OT in Primary Dysmenorrhea Rats with cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome.Method:The rat model of primary dysmenorrhea with cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome was established.On the basis of this model,Th1 shift model and Th2 shift model were established.The rats were divided into blank group,model group,Th1 shifting group and Th2 shifting group.The writhing reaction of rats in each group was compared,and the contents of PGF_(2α),PGE_(2),6-keto-PGF_(1α),TXB2,COX-2,AVP and OT in serum were detected.Results:Writhing latency:There was no significant difference between Th1 and Th2 shifting groups(P>0.05),Th2 shifting group was shorter than Th1 shifting group(P<0.05).Writhing times in 30 minutes:Compared with the model group,the writhing times of Th1 shifting group decreased significantly(P<0.01),while Th2 shifting group increased significantly(P<0.01).Compared with the blank group,the contents of PGF_(2α),TXB2,COX-2,AVP and OT were increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the contents of 6-keto-PGF_(1α)and PGE_(2)were decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the contents of PGF_(2α),TXB2,COX-2 and AVP in Th1 shifting group were decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the contents of 6-keto-PGF_(1α)and PGE_(2)were increased(P<0.01),while the contents of PGF_(2α),TXB2,COX-2,AVP and OT in Th2 shifting group were increased(P<0.01),and the contents of 6-keto-PGF_(1α)and PGE_(2)were decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:The intervention of Th1/Th2 cell balance on the expression of PGF_(2α),PGE_(2),6-keto-PGF_(1α),TXB2,COX-2,AVP and OT may be one of the pathogenesis of PD with cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome.

Research based on data mining compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine with Professor WANG Dong-mei in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea

Objective:To study the law of compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea by Professor WANG Dong-mei.Methods:This study collected the Professor WANG Dong-mei’s prescriptions for primary dysmenorrhea cases in the outpatient department,to establish a database by Excel 2015,and to use IBM SPSS statistics 24.0 and SPSS Clementine 12.0 software for clustering analysis and association rules data mining analysis.Results:A total of 106 cases were included,106 prescriptions were collected,114 kinds of drugs were used,nd the cumulative frequency of drug use was 1876 times;the top three drugs were white peony(89 times),Xiangfu(77 times),red peony(75 times);the drugs with the most drug properties and taste frequency were warm and sweet drugs,which were mainly liver meridian;four common pair-used drug groups were Xiangfu yanhusuo,angelica white peony etc.and six groups were common clustering groups.Conclusion:Professor WANG Dong-mei usually chooses the drugs of sweet,warm or spicy in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.In addition to the natural efficacy,Prof.Wang also considers modern pharmacological effect in the specific drug selection.The commonly used prescription combination is Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction,which embodies Professor WANG Dong-mei's academic thought of treating primary dysmenorrhea"mainly by warming and regulating qi and blood",and for patients with reproductive needs,in addition to promoting blood circulation and relieving pain,she also adds menstruation regulating and pregnancy aiding drugs,which can not only improve the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea,but also meet their fertility desire.

Analgesic effects and hemodynamic mechanisms of perpendicular and transverse needling at Sanyinjiao(SP 6) in patients with primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized controlled trial

Objective: To explore the analgesic effects and uterine hemodynamics of perpendicular needling(PN)and transverse needling(TN) at SP 6 in patients with primary dysmenorrhea(PD).Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, patients with PD diagnosed with cold-dampness congealing pattern were randomly assigned in a ratio of 1:1 to receive PN or TN at bilateral SP 6 for 10 min.Acupuncture was performed when the menstrual pain score was over 40 mm on the first day of menstruation, as measured using the visual analog scale for pain(VAS-P). The primary outcome was average menstrual pain(VAS-P). Secondary outcomes included the pulsatility index(PI), resistance index(RI), and systolic-diastolic peaks ratio(S/D) in uterine arteries as measured using color Doppler ultrasonography;anxiety as assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA), blood pressure(BP),and heart rate(HR).Results: Forty-eight patients completed the study. The TN group exhibited a significant reduction in VAS-P scores(-5.71 mm, 95% confidence interval(CI): -8.78, -2.63, P =.001), RI values(-0.05, 95% CI:-0.09, -0.01, P=.015), and HAMA values(-2.50, 95% CI: -4.78, -0.22, P=.032) when compared with the PN group. No significant differences in PI, S/D, BP, or HR values were observed between the two groups(P >.05).Conclusion: TN at SP 6 was superior to PN in alleviating menstrual pain and anxiety in patients with PD.This analgesic effect of TN may be due to its better ability to improve uterine arterial blood flow via decreases in RI values.