Literature study on traditional Chinese medicine syndromes after renal transplantation

BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation is the most effective means to treat patients with renal failure,but its postoperative problems such as rejection reactions,immunosuppressant poisoning,chronic transplant kidney nephropathy,etc.still have not been effectively solved.This study searched for literature on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes after kidney transplantation in China,conducted statistical analysis of the results,and sought to identify the underlying patterns.AIM To understand the TCM syndromes after renal transplantation and associated rules and provide a theoretical basis for further clinical research.METHODS The literature pertaining to TCM syndromes in renal transplantation,published in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang database,and WIP database from 1970 to 2021,was meticulously searched and comprehensively and statistically analyzed.RESULTS Following the established inclusion and exclusion criteria,13 studies were selected for analysis.Post-renal transplantation,no significant discrepancy was noted among the groups based on the location of TCM viscera.However,when categorized according to TCM pathogenic factors,the groups with spleen and kidney yang deficiency,as well as liver and kidney yin deficiency,exhibited a statistically significant difference in the frequency.CONCLUSION Currently,the research on TCM syndromes pertaining to renal transplantation is in its nascent phase.It is imperative to conduct a multicentric,large-scale survey of TCM syndromes subsequent to renal transplantation in the ensuing years.

Knee osteoarthritis:A review of animal models and intervention of traditional Chinese medicine

Background:Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)characterized by degeneration of knee cartilage and subsequent bone hyperplasia is a prevalent joint condition primarily affecting aging adults.The pathophysiology of KOA remains poorly understood,as it involves complex mechanisms that result in the same outcome.Consequently,researchers are interested in studying KOA and require appropriate animal models for basic research.Chinese herbal compounds,which consist of multiple herbs with diverse pharmacological properties,possess characteristics such as multicomponent,multipathway,and multitarget effects.The potential benefits in the treatment of KOA continue to attract attention.Purpose:This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the advantages,limitations,and specific considerations in selecting different species and methods for KOA animal models.This will help researchers make informed decisions when choosing an animal model.Methods:Online academic databases(e.g.,PubMed,Google Scholar,Web of Science,and CNKI)were searched using the search terms“knee osteoarthritis,”“animal models,”“traditional Chinese medicine,”and their combinations,primarily including KOA studies published from 2010 to 2023.Results:Based on literature retrieval,this review provides a comprehensive overview of the methods of establishing KOA animal models;introduces the current status of advantages and disadvantages of various animal models,including mice,rats,rabbits,dogs,and sheep/goats;and presents the current status of methods used to establish KOA animal models.Conclusion:This study provides a review of the animal models used in recent KOA research,discusses the common modeling methods,and emphasizes the role of traditional Chinese medicine compounds in the treatment of KOA.

A Review of Knowledge Graph in Traditional Chinese Medicine:Analysis,Construction,Application and Prospects

As an advanced data science technology,the knowledge graph systematically integrates and displays the knowledge framework within the field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).This not only contributes to a deeper comprehension of traditional Chinese medical theories but also provides robust support for the intelligent decision systems and medical applications of TCM.Against this backdrop,this paper aims to systematically review the current status and development trends of TCM knowledge graphs,offering theoretical and technical foundations to facilitate the inheritance,innovation,and integrated development of TCM.Firstly,we introduce the relevant concepts and research status of TCM knowledge graphs.Secondly,we conduct an in-depth analysis of the challenges and trends faced by key technologies in TCM knowledge graph construction,such as knowledge representation,extraction,fusion,and reasoning,and classifies typical knowledge graphs in various subfields of TCM.Next,we comprehensively outline the current medical applications of TCM knowledge graphs in areas such as information retrieval,diagnosis,question answering,recommendation,and knowledge mining.Finally,the current research status and future directions of TCM knowledge graphs are concluded and discussed.We believe this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the research dynamics in TCM knowledge graphs and provides essential references for scholars in related fields.

A systematic review of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine retention enema in the treatment of ulcerative colitis

The objective of this study is to summarize the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)enema in the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).The randomized controlled trials on TCM enema intervention in the treatment of UC were searched in seven databases:PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,CBM,CNKI,Wanfang Database,and VIP Database from January 1,2013 to June 6,2022,and the data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software.A total of 18 studies involving 1514 UC patients were included.Meta analysis results showed that compared with conventional Western medicine,Chinese medicine enema had a significant effect on UC,and the clinical effective rate of the experimental group using Chinese medicine enema was 4.45 times that of the control group using conventional Western medicine(odds ratio=4.45,95%confidence interval[3.27,6.06]).Therefore,Chinese medicine enema is effective in the treatment of UC,and can significantly reduce related symptoms.

Research based on data mining compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine with Professor WANG Dong-mei in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea

Objective:To study the law of compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea by Professor WANG Dong-mei.Methods:This study collected the Professor WANG Dong-mei’s prescriptions for primary dysmenorrhea cases in the outpatient department,to establish a database by Excel 2015,and to use IBM SPSS statistics 24.0 and SPSS Clementine 12.0 software for clustering analysis and association rules data mining analysis.Results:A total of 106 cases were included,106 prescriptions were collected,114 kinds of drugs were used,nd the cumulative frequency of drug use was 1876 times;the top three drugs were white peony(89 times),Xiangfu(77 times),red peony(75 times);the drugs with the most drug properties and taste frequency were warm and sweet drugs,which were mainly liver meridian;four common pair-used drug groups were Xiangfu yanhusuo,angelica white peony etc.and six groups were common clustering groups.Conclusion:Professor WANG Dong-mei usually chooses the drugs of sweet,warm or spicy in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.In addition to the natural efficacy,Prof.Wang also considers modern pharmacological effect in the specific drug selection.The commonly used prescription combination is Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction,which embodies Professor WANG Dong-mei's academic thought of treating primary dysmenorrhea"mainly by warming and regulating qi and blood",and for patients with reproductive needs,in addition to promoting blood circulation and relieving pain,she also adds menstruation regulating and pregnancy aiding drugs,which can not only improve the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea,but also meet their fertility desire.

CLINICAL STUDY ON IRRADIATION COMBINED WITH TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE IN THE TREATMENT OF LARGE PRIMARY LIVER CANCER

This paper resports the response of inoperable primary liver cancer to whole liver irradiation(WLI)by movingstrip technique(MST)during the period from 1980- 1988.The results showed that WLI by MST gave good response in this malignancy.The 5-year survival after treatment was 30.83% and median survival 25.8 months.The analysis of prognostic factors indicated that the higher the midplane tissue dose(mTD),the longer the survival(P<0.001),and that the survival of those patients tumor diameter was>8 to<13 cm and/or tumor volume>50% to <75% of liver volume was longer than that of there with tumor diameter of≥13 cm and/or tumor volume≥75% of the liver volume(P<0. 001 ).Traditional Chinese medicine is an indispensable therapy during the period of WLI by MST.Both clinical and experimental studies suggest that WLI by MST can enhance the therapeutic effect.

Effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine for diabetic retinopathy:A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is currently recognized as one of the most serious diabetic microangiopathies and a major cause of adult blindness.Commonly used clinical approaches include etiological control,microvascular improvement,and surgical intervention,but they are ineffective and have many side effects.Oral Chinese medicine(OCM)has been used for thousands of years to treat DR and is still widely used today,but it is unclear which OCM is more effective for DR.AIM To estimate relative effectiveness and safety profiles for different classes of OCMs for DR,and provide rankings of the available OCMs.METHODS The search time frame was from the creation of the database to January 2023.RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software were used to perform the systematic review and Network meta-analyses(NMA).RESULTS A total of 107 studies and 9710 patients were included,including 4767 cases in the test group and 4973 cases in the control group.Based on previous studies and clinical reports,and combined with the recommendations of Chinese guidelines for the prevention and treatment of DR,9 OCMs were finally included in this study,namely Compound Xueshuantong Capsules,Qiming Granules,Compound Danshen Dripping Pills,Hexue Mingmu Tablets(HXMM),Qiju Dihuang Pills(QJDH),Shuangdan Mingmu Capsules(SDMM),Danggui Buxue Decoction(DGBX),Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction and Buyang Huanwu Decoction.When these nine OCMs were analyzed in combination with conventional western medicine treatment(CT)compared with CT alone,the NMA results showed that HXMM+CT has better intervention effect on the overall efficacy of DR patients,HXMM+CT has better effect on improving patients'visual acuity,SDMM+CT has better effect on inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor,DGBX+CT has better effect on reducing fundus hemorrhage area,HXMM+CT has better effect on reducing fasting blood glucose,and QJDH+CT has better effect on reducing glycated hemoglobin.When there are not enough clinical indicators for reference,SDMM+CT or HXMM+CT treatments can be chosen because they are effective for more indicators and demonstrate multidimensional efficacy.CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that combining OCMs with CT leads to better outcomes in all aspects of DR compared to using CT alone.Based on the findings,we highly recommend the use of SDMM or HXMM for the treatment of DR.These two OCMs have demonstrated outstanding efficacy across multiple indicators.

Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine kidney-nourishing formula for Alzheimer's disease in comparison with donepezil:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:Finding an effective therapy against Alzheimer’s disease(AD)has been associate increasingly pressing issue and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is widespread in the prevention and treatment of AD in China.The aim of this study was to judge the efficaciousness and safety of TCM kidney-nourishing(the changes of pathological state of kidney deficiency by means of TCM treatment and so on)formula(TKNF)for AD in comparison with donepezil.Methods:The retrieval period of seven databases was from the establishment of each database to April 2019.Two authors independently identified randomized controlled trials(RCTs),fetched data and assessed bias risk.Comprehensive analysis process was conducted with review manager for eligible and appropriate RCTs.Results:A complete of 981 AD patients from 13 studies were enclosed.Meta-analysis of RCTs showed that there was no significant difference in the improvement of Alzheimer's disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale score between 2 groups in short term,but the effect of long-term treatment may exceed donepezil;there was a significant difference in the improvement of activities of daily living score between 2 groups;there was a significant difference in TCM curative efficacy between 2 groups with long-term treatment.There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between 2 groups.The quality of the evidence was high or moderate.Conclusion:Compared with donepezil,TKNF was an effective drug for AD patients and the clinical application of TKNF was safe.TKNF's long-term benefits need more evidence to verify.

Traditional Chinese medicine for acute mountain sickness prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for preventing acute mountain sickness(AMS).Methods: We included randomized controlled trials(RCTs) which evalueded the effect of TCM for preventing AMS, compared with a placebo, no treatment or acetazolamide. The literature was searched in 6major databases. RevMan 5.4 software was used for the meta-analysis. The relative risk for discrete variables and the mean difference for continuous variables with 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were applied to express the effect size. The risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk assessment tool 2.0(RoB 2.0), and the evidence certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment and the Development and Evaluation(GRADE) approach.Results: Twenty RCTs involving 3015 participants and 16 TCM patent drugs were included. The overall risk of bias in the majority of studies(15/20) was of some concerns. In terms of the AMS incidence,Rhodiola rosea(R. rosea, Hong Jing Tian) and Ginkgo biloba(G. biloba, Yin Xing Ye) were equivalent to the placebo/no treatment [RR(95% CI): 0.66(0.43-1.01), 0.82(0.63-1.06), respectively]. The AMS incidence in the G. biloba group was higher than that in the acetazolamide group [RR(95% CI): 2.92(1.69-5.06)]. In terms of improving the AMS symptom score on days 1 and 3 in the plateau, R. rosea and G. biloba were superior to the placebo or no treatment [MD(95% CI):-0.98(-1.71,-0.25),-2.05(-3.14,-0.95), respectively]. The other 14 Chinese patent medicines were evaluated in a single trial, and the majority of the results were negative. The subgroup analysis showed that the effect of R. rosea was related to the intervention time, way of ascending, and altitude.Conclusion: R. rosea and G. biloba were effective in improving AMS symptoms but had no effect in reducing the AMS incidence. There was insufficient evidence to support the use of other TCM patent drugs to prevent AMS. More randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials are warranted to evaluate and screen effective Chinese patent medicines for AMS prevention.

Traditional Chinese Medicine for Bladder Cancer:a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of bladder cancer.Methods:The databases of CNKI(1989-2018.10),Wan fang Data(1989-2018.10),VIP(1989-2018.10),PubMed(1966-2018.10),EMbase(1986-2018.10)and Cochrane Library(3rd issue,2018)were searched..Evidence quality and rating recommendations were scored using the GRADE system.Results:Thirty-six eligible studies were included with 3,109 patients.The meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate OR combination=2.85[OR=2.85,95%CI(1.98,4.09),P<0.00001].Recurrence OR merge=0.33[OR=0.33,95%CI(0.26,0.42),P<0.00001];Adverse reaction rate OR combination=0.37[OR=0.37,95%CI(0.32,0.43),P<0.00001];Incidence of adverse reactions OR combination=0.41[OR=0.41,95%CI(0.30,0.55),P<0.00001];Survival rate OR combination=1.78[OR=1.78,95%CI(0.55,5.77),P=0.34];Quality of life improvement rate OR consolidation=12.42[OR=12.42 95%CI(3.21,48.11),P=0.0003].The GRADE system evaluation results show that the evidence level is B and the recommendation level is weak.The traditional Chinese medicine group was superior to the control group in the efficiency rate,postoperative recurrence rate,incidence rate of adverse reactions,survival rate,quality of life improvement rate and incidence rate of toxic and side effects in the treatment of bladder cancer.Conclusion:Traditional Chinese Medicine has a good effect on treating bladder cancer and controlling recurrence of bladder cancer.Due to the impact of the original study on the results of meta-analysis,larger sample and high-quality clinical trials are still needed to verify.

Application of traditional Chinese medicine nursing technique in hyperten hypertension with insomnia: A literature review

At present, unified and effective treatment for hypertension with insomnia is still lacking, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing technology can improve insomnia symptoms, reduce blood pressure, alleviate fatigue, improve anxiety, depression, improve the quality of life for patients with hypertension and insomnia. There is not only the application of the single TCM nursing technology, such as acupoint massage, acupoint application, ear acupoint pressure beans and so on, but also the application of two or a variety of TCM nursing techniques in hypertension with insomnia. In this article, the results of TCM nursing technology on hypertension with insomnia in recent years are reviewed in order to provide reference for the treatment of hypertensive with insomnia.

Traditional Chinese medicine for promoting mental health of patients with COVID-19:a scoping review

Objective:This study aimed to systematically review and depict the current studies of traditional Chinese medicine for the mental health of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods:A scoping review was conducted by searching PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang database,VIP database,and SinoMed,with the retrieval time being from the establishment of the database to April 18,2022.The basic information of the included studies,objective,design,types of patients,interventions,outcomes,etc.,was reviewed and summarized narratively.Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool,the methodological index for nonrandomized studies or the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.Results:We identified 30 traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)studies from six databases.Among them,finished randomized controlled trials(n=16)accounted for most of the studies,followed by single-arm studies(n=9).In terms of study theme,20 studies defined the mental health of patients with COVID-19 as the research theme.Psychological assessment was included in the inclusion criteria(performed before participation)of nine studies,whereas the other studies only mentioned the mental outcomes.TCM interventions included TCM exercises(Yijinjing,Baduanjin,Liuzijue,Taichi),acupoint stimulation(auricular and body points),moxibustion,decoction,or granules based on TCM syndrome differentiation,decoction,or granules with fixed formulae(Baidu Jieduan granules,Xuanfei Baidu decoction,and Qingfei Paidu decoction),Chinese patent medicine(Jinhua Qinggan granules),TCM psychological therapy(TCM ideological therapy,TCM five-tone therapy,and TCM psychological sand table),and TCM nursing(dialectical care,dialectical diet,and psychological counseling).Anxiety and depression were the main outcomes evaluated in regard to mental health in patients with COVID-19.The limitations of methodological quality were predominantly from follow-up,blinding,and registration.Positive results were reported by 27 studies(90%,n=30).Conclusion:We summarized the existing literature about the impact of TCM on mental health in patients with COVID-19.The number of studies evaluating the impact of TCM on mental health is encouraging,but overall methodological quality was low.Several TCM interventions warrant further evaluation,particularly among populations outside of China,for the purpose of establishing supporting evidence.More importantly,research with stronger methodological quality needs to be developed.

Effect of traditional Chinese medicine on anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in animal models:A systematic review and metaanalysis

Objective:To evaluate the effect of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)on anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity(AIC)in animal models.Methods:Separate systematic searches for preclinical studies were performed in the PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Biomedical Database,Chinese Scientific Journal Database,and Wanfang Data from inception to August 2019.The primary outcomes were echocardiography,serum assays for myocardial enzymograms,histological assessments,and electrocardiograms.The secondary outcomes mainly included body weight and safety evaluations.The protocol is registered on PROSPERO(CRD42019145819).RevMan(V.5.3)was used for meta-analysis.Results:We identified 10 studies from 9 international scientific publications describing the efficacy of TCM on AIC animal models.All the included studies reported that,compared with animal model without any intervention,TCM significantly improved ventricular function,cardiac biomarkers,electrocardiograph results,and cardiac fibrosis.Improved survival rates and body mass indices were also observed with TCM.We further pooled the available data from four studies(63 animals)for the meta-analysis and the results showed that,compared with models without any intervention,TCM significantly increased the ejection fraction by 14.13%(95%CI,9.96e18.29)and fraction shortening by 8.66%(95%CI,6.05 e11.26).Creatine kinase-MB(SMD=2.49,95%CI:-3.12 to-1.85)and lactate dehydrogenase(SMD=-2.78,95%CI:-3.45 to-2.12)were also significantly decreased by TCM.Conclusions:TCM is effective in improving AIC in animal models and has tremendous potential to be translated to treat AIC in clinical practice.Additionally,the systematic review and meta-analysis of animal experiments may be valuable in enhancing and guiding animal experiments and promoting the transformation of the results.

Professor Liu Guobin used traditional Chinese medicine to cure a case of primary erythema limb pain

Primary erythema limb pain is a very rare disease,and its pathogenesis is not clear.Usually,the pain symptoms of patients exist for a long time,which seriously affect the daily life of patients and increase the economic burden of patients.Professor Liu Guobin,who has been engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral vascular diseases for nearly 30 years,believes that heat-toxin and blood stasis collaterals are closely related to the disease,and emphasizes the principle of heat-toxin and evil qi causing the disease.It is emphasized that clearing heat and detoxification,promoting blood circulation and dispersing blood stasis are the main treatment principles.This paper selects a typical case to describe Professor Liu's clinical experience in the treatment of primary erythema limb pain by oral and external use of traditional Chinese medicine,so as to provide an effective method of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of primary erythema limb pain.

Visualization analysis of traditional Chinese medicine treatment for primary immune thrombocytopenia based on CiteSpace

Objective:To analyze the hot spot and frontier of traditional Chinese medicine treatment for primary immune thrombocytopenia with CiteSpace softwar for visualized analysis.Methods:The relevant literature about treatment for ITP through traditional Chinese medicine was retrieved from CNKI.The CiteSpace software was used to create visualization map for authors,institutions and keywords.Results:Through visualization analysis,121 authors and 36 institutions were included in the map.The main research hot spot is the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment for ITP.Conclusion:Ratio of research about traditional Chinese medicine treatment on ITP was relatively few.In addition,the cooperation and communication were also insufficient between teams and institutions.The research hot spot mostly focuses on clinical treatment,while theoretical research was very few.There is no deep investigation on treatment mechanism.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy： A literature review

At present, unified and effective treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy （DPN） is still lacking, however Chinese medicine techniques characterized by syndrome differentiation and treatment, for example traditional Chinese medicine preparations, acupuncture, and fumigation, have been considered the promising alternative for DPN. Traditional Chinese medicine nursing, which is development on the basis of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory, uses not only acupuncture, acupoint application and other treatments but also cares for the patient＇s diet and emotions in order to promote the recovery of skin and nerve endings in patients with DPN. Vast amounts of studies have explored the efficacies of various TCM nursing techniques in managing DPN, however, the article, which comprehensively documented these TCM nursing techniques in DNP patients, cannot be cap- tured. In the present article, we summarized the latest findings of TCM research on DPN in recent years in order to provide a reference for DPN.

The clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine in the auxiliary treatment of grade 1 hypertension: A systematic review and metaanalysis

Objective:To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in auxiliary treatment of grade 1 hypertension.Methods:The China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wan Fang Data,VIP,PubMed were searched to screen the literature of randomized controlled trials of TCM or non-drug therapies assisting conventional medicine to treat grade 1 hypertension.The search time was from the establishment of the database to October 1,2020.Revman5.3 was used for meta-analysis.Results:8 Chinese literatures were included.The results of the study showed that 24h diastolic blood pressure(DBP),24h systolic blood pressure(SBP),DBP lowering effect and TCM syndrome curative efficacy of the experimental group using TCM was better than that of the control group.However,TCM combined conventional medicine did not show an advantage on SBP lowering effect,antihypertensive efficacy rate and total clinical efficacy rate.Conclusion:TCM has a significant effect on lowering blood pressure for adjuvant treatment of grade 1 hypertension and can significantly improve clinical symptoms.

A Review on Clinical Study on Treating Postoperative Constipation in Mixed Hemorrhoids with Traditional Chinese Medicine

Mixed hemorrhoids belong to a common disease in proctology.Surgery is the main clinical treatment,but postoperative constipation is prone to occur in patients,causing unnecessary physical pain to the patients.At the same time,it also affected uneventful recovery after the surgery.In diagnosis and treatment for the postoperative constipation in mixed hemorrhoids,TCM has its own features,such as oral administration of Chinese materia medica,acupuncture therapy,Chinese materia medica retention enema,acupoint catgut embedding,etc.,which have significant efficacy.However,there are also some problems,such as inconsistency of clinical syndrome differentiation,lack of large sample studies,and insufficient follow-up visits.In order to provide reference for clinical treatment in mixed hemorrhoids,this paper reviews academic studies on its postoperative constipation by traditional Chinese medicine in recent years.

Research advances on the usage of traditional Chinese medicine for neuroprotection in glaucoma

Progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells （RGCs） and their axons is the main pathogenesis of glaucoma. The cause of glaucoma is not fully understood, but the neurodegeneration of glaucoma involves many mechanisms such as oxidative stress, glutamate toxicity and ischemia/ reperfusion insult. In order to target these mechanisms, multiple neuroprotective interventions have been investigated to prevent the death of RGCs. Of note are some tonic herbs from the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） pharmacopeia that have shown neuroprotective effects in glaucoma. TCM differs from Western medicine in that TCM exhibits complicated bioactive com- ponents, triggering many signaling pathways and extensive actions on vital organs. Modern scientific approaches have demonstrated some of their underlying mechanisms. In this review, we used Lycium barbarum and Ginkgo biloba as examples to elaborate the characteristics of TCM and their potential applications in neuroprotection in glaucoma.

A comprehensive review of research progress in Chinese medicines for primary liver cancer treatment

Primary liver cancer seriously threatens human health,affects the quality of life,and has a high mortality rate.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has long been used in the prevention,treatment,and adjuvant treatment of primary liver cancer.Clinical trials were conducted in recent years to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM.The mechanism of action of TCM in primary liver cancer treatment also received extensive attention.This study summarizes the common monomial Chinese herbal medicines and their components,formulae,and the proprietary Chinese medicines used to treat primary liver cancer.Common medicines include Chansu(Bufonis venenum),Kushen(Sophorae flavescentis radix),Renshen(Ginseng radix et rhizoma),and Jianghuang(Curcumae longae rhizoma).This study also reviewed the literature on liver cancer treatment using TCM.The results confirmed the safety and efficacy of TCM in liver cancer treatment.The possible mechanisms involved are also listed,including influencing the cell cycle,inducing cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy,inhibiting cancer cell angiogenesis and metastasis,regenerating the microenvironment and DNA methylation,and regulating the innate immune response.For primary liver cancer patients who often have a long disease course,Chinese herbal medicine often plays a role in protecting and conditioning the body.Research aimed at finding more traditional Chinese herbal medicines and their mechanisms of action should be promoted.This study aimed to provide a scientific reference for further research and the rational clinical application of TCM for primary liver cancer treatment.