Current status of yttrium-90 microspheres radioembolization in primary and metastatic liver cancer

Liver malignancy,including primary liver cancer and metastatic liver cancer has become one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide due to the high malignant degree and limited systematic treatment strategy.Radioembolization with yttrium-90(^(90)Y)-loaded microspheres is a relatively novel technology that has made significant progress in the local treatment of liver malignancy.The different steps in the extensive work-up of radioembolization for patients with an indication for treatment with^(90)Y microspheres,from patient selection to follow up,both technically and clinically,are discussed in this paper.It describes the application and development of^(90)Y microspheres in the treatment of liver cancer.

The history of interventional therapy for liver cancer in China

In China interventional therapy of liver cancer started in the 1980s. It is well-known that Professor Lin Gui is the founding father of Interventional radiology. Under the leadership of Lin Gui and other professors, interventional therapy of liver cancer has swiftly progressed in China. Indeed, TAI, TAE, TACE and ablation therapy have witnessed great innovations in hardware facil ities, technical means, and therapeutic philosophy, while incorporating Chinese characteristics. As with the development of combined interventional therapy in China, interventional treatment of liver cancer has gradually started the process of precision and individualization. Actually, multidisciplinary, multimodal, and polymorphic treatments will be the most suitable pattern for liver cancer in the future, among which combination of interventional therapy with targeted, immunological treatments and information technology(IT) tools may bring a revolutionary breakthrough in liver cancer treatment.

Effect of Nursing Intervention Based on Caprini Risk Assessment Scale for Venous Thromboembolism in Perioperative Patients with Liver Cancer

Objective:To explore the effect of nursing intervention based on Caprini risk assessment scale for venous thromboembolism(VTE)in perioperative patients with liver cancer.Methods:A total of 128 hepatocellular cancer(HCC)patients who were hospitalized in our department from January 2021 to March 2022 and met the research criteria were selected.According to odd and even numbers in the order of inclusion,64 cases were divided into two groups:a control group and an observation group.The control group received routine nursing intervention during perioperative period,while the observation group received nursing intervention based on Caprini risk assessment scale for VTE.The incidence of VTE and complications were compared between the two groups.Results:The incidence of VTE and postoperative complications in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Nursing intervention based on Caprini risk assessment scale for VTE can reduce the incidence of perioperative deep vein thrombosis and complications in patients with liver cancer;thus,it is worthy of clinical application.

Changed clinical aspects of primary liver cancer in China during the past 30 years

BACKGROUND: Primary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the most frequently seen tumors in China. Thirty years ago, patients with PLC were often detected at relatively late stage, with a palpable mass or marked clinical symptoms and poor prognosis. In the past 30 years, the diagnosis and treatment of PLC have been greatly improved with better prognosis. METHODS: In order to study the changes of PLC during the 30 years, the clinical data of 3250 patients with PLC from 10 medical institutions of China were collected, ana- lyzed , and compared with those of 3254 PLC patients be- fore the 30 years. RESULTS: In the 3250 patients aged 1-80 years, with an average age of 49.1 years, the male to female ratio (2.3:1) was lower than that before the 30 years. 73.5% of the 3250 patients sought medical advice within 3 months after the onset of the disease in contrast to 63.8% before the 30 years. Compared with those patients before the 30 years the symptoms and signs were alleviated generally. The HBsAg positive rate was 81.0%, but the HCV-Ab positive rate was 13.2%. The AFP level in 75% of patients was elevated, but in the remaining 25% was normal. 1912 patients (58.8%) were confirmed pathologically. Among them 1755 patients (91.8%) had hepatocellular carcinoma. The overall resec- tion rate was 46.3%. Those who had early, middle, late stage carcinoma accounted for 29.9%, 51.5%, and 18.6%respectively in contrast to 0.4%, 47.0%, and 52.6% repor- ted before the 30 years. The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates of the patients were 66.1%, 39.7%, and 32.5% respectively, whereas 93.5%, 70.1%, and 59.1% for the early stage pa- tients, and 65.3%, 30.5%, and 23.5% for the middle stage patients. The half and 1-year survival rates of the late stage patients were 52.5%, and 14.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Comparison with the clinical data before and after the 30 years show that PLC can be diagnosed ear- ly. More PLC patients tend to undergo resection while re- ceiving a better conservative treatment, which ensures a prognosis.

The effect of Jinlong capsule on the immune function for intervened patients with primary liver cancer

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Jinlong capsule on the immune function for intervened patients with primary liver cancer. Methods: Matched the inclusion criteria, 60 patients were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group had 30 cases treated with Jinlong capsule combined with the transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE); the control group had 30 cases treated with TACE. Each group was treated 30 days as a cycle, which had completed at least two cycles. Indicators of cellular immune function about the activity of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 and natural killer(NK) cell were detected before and after treatment, then to compare and analysis with each other. Results: Before treatment, the activity of peripheral blood CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 and NK cell in the two groups was no significant difference(P > 0.05); after treatment, the activity of CD3, CD4 and NK cell in the treatment group was significantly increased, the ratio of CD4/CD8 increased, and the value of CD8 decreased(P < 0.05), the activity of CD3, CD4 and NK cell in the control group was significantly decreased, the ratio of CD4/CD8 decreased(P < 0.05), and the value of CD8 slightly higher than before treatment(P > 0.05), the difference between the two groups indicated the statistical significance(P < 0.05). Incidence of gastrointestinal reactions, leucopenia, hemoglobin, platelet decline in the treatment group was lower than those in the control group, but without presenting the statistical significance(P > 0.05). Conclusion: Jinlong capsule with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy can improve the patients' immune function, and reduce the adverse reactions of interventional chemotherapy. Hence,it deserves to be promoted in clinically.

Unraveling the efficacy network: A network meta-analysis of adjuvant external beam radiation therapy methods after hepatectomy

BACKGROUND Primary liver cancer is a malignant tumor with a high recurrence rate that significantly affects patient prognosis.Postoperative adjuvant external radiation therapy(RT)has been shown to effectively prevent recurrence after liver cancer resection.However,there are multiple RT techniques available,and the differ-ential effects of these techniques in preventing postoperative liver cancer re-currence require further investigation.AIM To assess the advantages and disadvantages of various adjuvant external RT methods after liver resection based on overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)and to determine the optimal strategy.METHODS This study involved network meta-analyses and followed the PRISMA guidelines.The data of qualified studies published before July 10,2023,were collected from PubMed,Embase,the Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library.We included relevant studies on postoperative external beam RT after liver resection that had OS and DFS as the primary endpoints.The magnitudes of the effects were determined using risk ratios with 95%confidential intervals.The results were analyzed using R software and STATA software.RESULTS A total of 12 studies,including 1265 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)after liver resection,were included in this study.There was no significant heterogeneity in the direct paired comparisons,and there were no significant differences in the inclusion or exclusion criteria,intervention measures,or outcome indicators,meeting the assumptions of heterogeneity and transitivity.OS analysis revealed that patients who underwent stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT)after resection had longer OS than those who underwent intensity modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)or 3-dimensional conformal RT(3D-CRT).DFS analysis revealed that patients who underwent 3D-CRT after resection had the longest DFS.Patients who underwent IMRT after resection had longer OS than those who underwent 3D-CRT and longer DFS than those who underwent SBRT.CONCLUSION HCC patients who undergo liver cancer resection must consider distinct advantages and disadvantages when choosing between SBRT and 3D-CRT.IMRT,a RT technique that is associated with longer OS than 3D-CRT and longer DFS than SBRT,may be a preferred option.

Retrospective analysis of TACE times after primary liver cancer operation

Objective The aim of the study was to probe into the impacts of the times of preventive transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) after operation treatment for patients with primary liver cancer on their survival.

The Efficacy of Different Interventiona|Che moembolization Regiments Combined with Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer and its Effects on Patients’Immune Function

Objective:To study and compare the clinical effects of the combination of different interventional embolization chemotherapy and radiofrequency ablation in patients with primary liver cancer.Methods:In this paper,based on the target data validation of those 60 patients with primary liver cancer treated in the hospital during the period from May 2017 to May 2018,the double-blind method was used for the comparison between groups.Patients in the reference group were treated with the combination of cisplatinum interventional chemoembolization regimen and radiofrequency ablation,while those in the experimental group were treated with the combination of lobaplatin interventional chemoembolization regimen and radiofrequency ablation.Then,the efficacy of both groups was compared.Results:After the treatment,the clinically effective total value,the calculation value of adverse reactions,and the value of IgA,IgM,IgG and AFP of the experimental group were compared with those of the reference group.In addition,the value of IgA,IgM,IgG and AFP of both groups after and before the treatment were compared.The experimental results showed that the data was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combination of lobaplatin and cisplatin interventional embolization chemotherapy and radiofrequency ablation has some effects in patients with primary liver cancer,but the former one showed more significant effects.

Effects of intensity modulated radiation therapy + local hyperthermia on the cancer cell apoptosis and invasion in liver cancer lesion

Objective: To investigate the effects of intensity modulated radiation therapy + local hyperthermia on the cancer cell apoptosis and invasion in liver cancer lesion. Methods:A total of 94 patients with middle-advanced primary liver cancer who were diagnosed and treated in this hospital between November 2015 and February 2017 were divided into control group (n=47) and experimental group (n=47) by random number table method. Control group received intensity modulated radiation therapy and experimental group received intensity modulated radiation therapy + local hyperthermia. Both groups accepted peritoneal lesion biopsy before and after treatment, and the expression of apoptosis and invasion genes in specimen tissue were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in apoptosis and invasion gene expression between the two groups of patients before treatment. After treatment, apoptosis genes Fas, caspase-3, Bax and p53 mRNA expression in lesion tissue of experimental group were higher than those of control group whereas FasL and Bcl-2 mRNA expression were lower than those of control group;invasion genes Cofilin-1, Bmi-1, STAT3 and SOX18 mRNA expression in lesion tissue of experimental group were lower than those of control group whereas Tip30 and TP53IP1 mRNA expression were higher than those of control group. Conclusion: intensity modulated radiation therapy + local hyperthermia can effectively promote cancer cell apoptosis and inhibit its invasion activity in patients with middle and advanced primary liver cancer.

Management of Malnutrition in Liver Cancer Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases

Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death globally. Malnutrition is found in 65-90% of patients with liver cancer and often enhances cancer occurrence and complications, deteriorates liver functions, and promotes early development of refractory ascites and hepatic encephalopathy (HE), increasing both morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition may develop as a result of poor dietary intake, anorexia, medications, side effects to chemotherapy, encephalopathy, as well as socioeconomic limitations. A dedicated clinical team should provide proper assessment of patient’s nutritional status and nutrition supplemental plan to restore liver health and prevent or treat malnutrition. Nutrition assessment is based on medical, nutritional, and medication histories, physical examination for body composition and signs of malnutrition, anthropometric measurements, radio-imaging, laboratory tests, and flow charts or algorithms on patient’s dietary intake and changes in bodyweight. Clinical management depends on patient’s disease and nutritional status. Patients with minor liver affection or compensated liver cirrhosis may have normal diet without any restrictions in carbohydrates, proteins, and fat, but preferably take other supplements supporting the liver. Patients with decompensated liver should consume 25-40 kcal/kg/day and 1.0-1.5 g protein/kg/day. For patients with acute episodes of HE, a temporary protein restriction of 0.6-0.8 g/kg/day should be implemented until HE is eliminated. Patients should consume small, frequent meals throughout the day and add a carbohydrate- and protein-rich evening snack. Other approaches to supporting optimal digestion and nutrition and managing side effects of cancer therapies may be added as well.

手术室整体干预模式对肝癌介入手术患者负性情绪、并发症、生活质量及护理满意度的影响

目的探讨手术室整体干预模式对肝癌介入手术患者的负性情绪、并发症发生情况、生活质量及护理满意度的影响。方法依据干预模式的不同将120例接受介入手术的肝癌患者分为对照组(n=56)和观察组(n=64)。对照组患者围手术期给予手术室常规干预模式,观察组患者围手术期给予手术室整体干预模式。比较两组患者的负性情绪[焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)]、生活质量[欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生命质量测定量表(EORTC QLQ-C30)]、并发症发生情况及护理满意度[纽卡斯尔护理满意度量表(NSNS)]。结果术后,两组患者的SAS、SDS评分均明显低于本组术前,观察组患者的SAS、SDS评分均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01);观察组患者术后并发症总发生率为17.19%,低于对照组患者的35.71%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);术后,两组患者的EORTC QLQ-C30评分均明显高于本组术前,观察组患者的EORTC QOL-C30评分明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。出院时,观察组患者的护理满意度为98.44%,高于对照组患者的85.71%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论手术室整体干预模式能明显减轻肝癌介入手术患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪,降低术后并发症发生率,提高患者的生活质量及护理满意度。

多学科个性化动态营养干预对促进老年原发性肝癌患者术后恢复效果的影响

目的 分析多学科个性化动态营养干预对促进老年原发性肝癌患者术后恢复效果的影响。方法 选取开滦总医院2022年1―12月收治的接受营养风险筛查2002(nutritional risk screening 2002,NRS 2002)风险评估且存在营养不良风险的老年原发性肝癌患者80例作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组(n=40)和干预组(n=40)。对照组给予常规术后护理,干预组给予多学科个体化动态营养干预。比较两组患者术后恢复评分、术后恢复速度指标及护理前后患者的衰弱程度、绝望量表评分和营养指标。结果 干预组患者术后早期进食时间、肛门排气时间、达到目标70%进食量时间均显著早于对照组(均P <0.05),干预组患者住院天数显著短于对照组(P <0.05),干预组患者住院费用显著少于对照组(P <0.05)。干预组患者术后7 d恢复评分显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。两组患者护理后健康状况、社会支持、自制力、情绪指标评分均有所下降(均P <0.05),且干预组下降幅度均显著大于对照组(均P <0.05)。两组患者护理后对未来感觉评分和对未来期望评分均有所下降(均P <0.05),且干预组患者评分下降幅度均显著大于对照组(均P <0.05)。干预组患者术后并发症发生率明显显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。结论 多学科个性化动态营养干预促进老年原发性肝癌患者术后恢复的临床效果较好。

改良正念减压疗法在原发性肝癌切除术患者中的应用

目的探究改良正念减压疗法在原发性肝癌(primary liver cancer,PLC)切除术患者中的应用。方法选取2020年5月至2022年5月北京市和平里医院收治的160例PLC患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(n=80)和研究组(n=80)。对照组采用风险管理护理模式,研究组在对照组基础上联合改良正念减压疗法干预,比较两组患者干预前后癌症疲乏量表(cancer fatigue scale,CFS)评分、中文版压力知觉量表(Chinese perceived stress scale,CPSS)评分、心理弹性水平、疼痛程度、心理应激程度和满意度。结果研究组患者干预后躯体疲乏、情感疲乏、认知疲乏CPSS评分均显著低于对照组(均P<0.05),坚韧性、自强、乐观评分和疼痛改善程度均显著优于对照组(均P<0.05)。两组患者干预后焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)和抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)评分较干预前均显著降低(均P<0.05),且研究组患者干预后SAS和SDS评分均显著低于对照组(均P<0.05)。两组患者干预后CFS各项评分均较干预前显著降低(均P<0.05),且研究组降低幅度显著大于对照组(均P<0.05)。研究组患者的干预满意度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采取风险管理护理模式联合改良正念减压疗法干预PLC患者,能显著降低术后并发症发生率,缓解患者疼痛、疲乏感和心理应激反应,减轻患者的知觉压力并有效改善患者的心理弹性,提升生活质量。

原发性肝癌病人健康素养管理移动护理辅助应用程序的构建及应用分析

目的:构建原发性肝癌(primary liver cancer, PLC)病人健康素养管理移动护理辅助应用程序,并对其使用效果进行验证分析。方法:构建由病人使用端、医护使用端及处理器组成的PLC病人健康素养管理移动护理辅助应用程序,将2021年2月-2022年10月于菏泽市立医院住院的100例PLC病人按随机数字表法分为干预组和对照组各50例。对照组采用常规护理管理,干预组在对照组基础上实施基于移动护理辅助应用程序的健康素养管理。采用慢性病病人健康素养调查量表及肝癌病人生活质量量表对两组病人干预前及干预1个月和3个月的健康素养和生活质量进行评估,验证程序的应用效果。结果:两组病人健康素养和生活质量的时间效应、组间效应及交互效应均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组除干预前各项评分比较差异无统计学意义外,其余时间点各维度评分比较,干预组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:构建PLC病人健康素养管理移动护理辅助应用程序是一种科学有效的医疗护理管理辅助手段,可有效提升病人健康素养水平,改善病人生活质量。

超声介入微波消融术联合仑伐替尼治疗原发性小肝癌的疗效分析

目的探讨超声介入微波消融术联合仑伐替尼治疗原发性小肝癌的临床疗效。方法纳入88例原发性小肝癌患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各44例。对照组患者行超声介入微波消融术治疗,观察组在此基础上联合仑伐替尼治疗,观察两组临床疗效、血清甲胎蛋白、肝功能[天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)及白蛋白(ALB)]、不良反应发生情况及术后1年复发情况。结果观察组术后9周短期疗效100%,与对照组(97.73%)比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.000,P>0.05);随访12个月,观察组复发率(2.27%)低于对照组(27.27%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.921,P<0.05);治疗后,观察组AST(38.29±5.23)U/L、ALT(52.21±5.78)U/L,与对照组AST(45.21±5.38)U/L、ALT(57.25±5.56)U/L比较,差异有统计学意义(t=6.121、4.167,P均<0.05),观察组ALB(29.85±1.61)g/L、AFP(18.21±2.25)μg/L,与对照组ALB(28.42±1.57)g/L、AFP(23.12±2.12)μg/L比较,差异有统计学意义(t=4.244、10.539,P均<0.05);观察组用药期间总不良反应发生率为11.36%,经干预均好转。结论相较于单纯超声介入微波消融术治疗,其与仑伐替尼联合治疗原发性小肝癌的短期疗效相当,但联合治疗可改善患者肝功能损伤,明显降低患者肿瘤复发率。

家庭参与式护理在肝癌经导管动脉栓塞化疗患者中的应用效果

目的:观察家庭参与式护理肝癌经导管动脉栓塞化疗患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2021年3月至2022年3月该院收治的72例肝癌经导管动脉栓塞化疗患者进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组各36例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用家庭参与式护理,比较两组营养指标(转铁蛋白、白蛋白)水平、T细胞亚群指标(CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))水平、Connor-Davidson心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分和胃肠道不适症状发生率。结果:护理后,两组转铁蛋白、白蛋白等营养指标水平和CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)等T细胞亚群指标水平,以及CD-RISC评分高于护理前,且观察组高于对照组,两组HAMD评分低于护理前,且观察组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组胃肠道不适症状发生率为2.78%,明显低于对照组的22.22%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在常规护理基础上采用家庭参与式护理可提高肝癌经导管动脉栓塞化疗患者营养指标水平、T细胞亚群指标水平和CD-RISC评分,以及降其HAMD评分和胃肠道不适症状发生率,效果优于单纯常规护理。

疼痛管理联合优化护理干预在肝癌患者免疫治疗中的应用研究

目的:探讨疼痛管理联合优化护理干预在肝癌患者免疫治疗中的应用效果.方法:选取2020年2月至2022年5月在本院进行免疫治疗的85例肝癌患者为研究对象.依据护理干预措施,将其分为观察组(n=43,予以疼痛管理联合优化护理干预)和对照组(n=42,予以优化护理干预).比较两组疼痛视觉拟量表(VAS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、肝癌生活质量测定表(QLICP-LI)评分.结果:干预后,两组VAS评分均下降,并且观察组比对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组SDS、SAS评分均显著降低,并且观察组较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组QLICP-LI评分均上升,并且观察组比对照组高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:在肝癌免疫治疗患者中实施疼痛管理联合优质化护理干预,可有效降低患者疼痛感,改善心理消极情绪,提高生活质量.

肝癌患者围术期运动干预的最佳证据总结

目的检索、评价和整合肝癌患者围术期运动干预的最佳证据,为临床医护人员提供循证依据。方法按照“6S”证据资源金字塔模型,自上而下进行证据检索。数据库包括:BMJ Best Practice,UpToDate,国际指南协作网,美国国立指南网,英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所,苏格兰院际指南网,医脉通,Cochrane library,JBI循证卫生保健数据库,Web of Science,PubMed,Embase,CINAHL,SinoMed,中国知网,万方数据库,美国癌症协会,美国运动医学会,国际肝癌协会。时间为2010年1月至2022年6月。由2名研究者对纳入文献质量进行评价,并提取符合标准的文献证据。结果共纳入22篇文献,从运动的重要性、运动前评估、术前运动方案、术后运动方案、运动监测、健康教育、效果评价7个方面共总结出26条证据。结论本研究总结了肝癌患者围术期运动干预的最佳证据,可为临床医护人员循证护理实践提供证据。

OTO模式联合以问题为导向的管理模式对肝癌患者介入治疗围术期负性情绪的影响

目的 探讨OTO模式联合以问题为导向的管理模式纠正肝癌患者介入治疗围术期负性情绪的效果。方法 纳入2020至2022年首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院收治的介入治疗的肝癌患者200例为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组100例。对照组采用常规干预措施,观察组采用OTO模式联合以问题为导向的管理模式进行干预,比较2组的健康信念、心理状态、疾病知识掌握情况和自我护理能力。结果 2组干预后的健康信念量表评分高于干预前,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组干预后的焦虑、抑郁评分低于干预前,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的疾病知识掌握率为97.00%,高于对照组的75.00%(P<0.05)。2组干预后的自我护理能力量表(ESCA)评分评分高于干预前,观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 对行介入手术治疗的肝癌患者给予OTO模式联合以问题为导向的管理模式进行干预,能有效提升患者的疾病知识掌握率、自我护理能力和健康信念,改善患者的心理状态,效果显著。

原发性肝癌诊疗指南(2024年版)

原发性肝癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一。2022年中国癌症统计报告显示,我国原发性肝癌的发病率和死亡率在所有恶性肿瘤中分别居第5位和第2位,新发病例为36.77万例,死亡病例为31.65万例。近年来,随着诊疗技术的不断提升,高级别循证医学证据相继涌现,为进一步规范我国肝癌诊疗行为,国家卫生健康委员会医政司特别委托中华医学会肿瘤学分会,联合国内多学科专家,参考肝癌诊断、分期及治疗方面的最新研究成果,结合我国肝癌临床诊治实践,修订并更新形成了《原发性肝癌诊疗指南(2024年版)》。本指南及时反映了肝癌诊疗领域的新进展与新理念,将为临床医师提供最新诊疗依据,更好地指导临床实践,提升中国肝癌规范化诊疗水平。