Iron, Zinc, and Copper Malnutrition among Primary School Children in Lagos, Niagara

This study assessed the iron, zinc and copper status of primary school-attending children in Lagos. A sample of 200 primary School-attending children was randomly selected using a stratified 2 – stage sampling technique. Data was collected in the 2 major seasons in Nigeria;Dry and Rainy seasons using dietary intake (24 hr dietary recall protocol) venipuncture blood samples, and a self-administered questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Among ages 5 - 8 years, the main dietary intake for iron was 10.66 ± 12.44 mg/d (106% of DRI), for zinc, 7.30 ± 7.39 mg/d (92% of DRI) and for copper, 1.55 ± 1.31 mg/d (390% of DRI). For ages 9 - 13 yrs, the mean intake of micronutrients showed that iron was 11.03 ± 12.72 mg/d (138% of DRI), 3inc was 8.44 ± 7.7 mg/d (105% of DRI) and copper was 3.75 ± 15.17 mg/d (536% of DRI). Biochemical results indicated that 19.8% of the subjects had inadequate serum iron, 21% and 32.1% were zinc and copper deficient respectively prevalence of anemia was 38.1% while iron deficiency anemia was 13.06% and iron deficiency was 34.6%. Dietary intakes did not provide right amounts of micronutrients to meet body requirements. There is the need to formulate and implement nutrition education programs to correct micronutrient deficiency among primary school-attending children in Lagos, Nigeria.

Childhood Obesity in Primary School Children of Middle and Upper-Middle Income Group in the Capital City of Bangladesh

Background: No published information is available on the status of childhood obesity in Bangladeshi primary school children of urban middle and upper-middle income group. The aim of the study was to explore the proportion of childhood obesity in the primary school children of middle and upper-middle income group in capital city and to gather information on their dietary pattern and physical activity. Methods: One hundred and fifty children (age 9 ± 1 years, height (ht) 118 ± 20 cm, weight (wt) 36 ± 8 kg, wt/ht% 126 ± 24, mean ± SD) were selected purposively from the primary schools of Dhaka city. On the basis of predefined scoring, subjects were classified as underweight, normal, overweight and obese if their weight-for-height values were 120% of median values for Bangladeshi children respectively. Dietary intake and energy expenditure of the study subjects were calculated by standard techniques. Results: The proportion of childhood overweight and obesity was 52% and 20%. The proportion of overweight and obesity was higher (78%) among girls compared to boys (54%). Similarly, height, weight and other anthropometrics indices were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in girls compared to boys. The daily intake of carbohydrate and protein was significantly (p < 0.05) higher among obese group. Total energy balance was significantly correlated with weight-for-height% (r = 0.541, p = 0.0001). Conclusions: A higher proportion of overweight and obesity had been found in girls’ children than their counter parts in this study. Positive energy balance with higher energy intake from carbohydrate and fast/processed food culture habit were found among primary school children of middle and upper-middle income group in the capital city of Bangladesh.

Dual Burden of Malnutrition among Primary School Children in Myanmar

Background: The distribution of childhood nutritional diseases is shifting from a predominance of under nutrition to a dual burden of under-and over nutrition in low and middle income countries. Rapid economic development and urbanization lead to an increase in overweight and obesity and diet-related chronic diseases. The co-existence of under-and over nutrition is double burden and this is a public health challenge for community. Objective: To find out the nutritional status of primary school children. Method: The study was school based descriptive study and conducted during November 2014 to February 2015 in basic primary schools, basic middle schools and basic high schools in urban and rural area of Yangon, Mandalay, Taungyi and Mawlamyaing. A total of (2937) Grade IV and Grade V students were measured for weight, height and 592 students were measured for haemoglobin by standard equipment and standard procedure. Results: The overall prevalences of stunting, wasting, overweight, obesity and anaemia were 8.8%, 15%, 4.6% and 3.1% and 36.1% respectively. The prevalences of stunting, over weight and obesity were more prevalent in boys and wasting and anaemia were more prevalent in girls. The result showed that the stunting was more prevalent in rural than in urban (7.5% in urban and 12.0% in rural). The prevalences of overweight and obesity were higher in urban than rural area (overweight 5.3% in urban and 2.8% in rural, obesity 3.8% in urban and 0.9% in rural). Children residing in urban area had higher anthropometric parameter than rural children. Conclusion: The present study observed the coexistence of obesity, overweight and undernourishment (wasting and stunting) among Myanmar School children.The findings highlighted the need for continued health promotion efforts to improve nutritional status of primary school children.

Electronic Database about Children with Special Needs ~t Primary School

In Slovenia, children with special needs have been included to primary schools since 1998. Since then, teachers have had a lot of work to be done. Every year they have to prepare an individualized programme for each child with special needs. They have to set goals that each child with special needs has to achieve at a particular subject. Pupils have different teachers every year and to make their work easier, the author is considering making a website database with basic information about them. This database would state the goals that the pupil achieved in the past year, which strategy of teaching proved to be the best for him or her and what the areas he or she needs help with are. Teachers would be collecting this data during the primary education, after the final evaluation this database would also be made available to the secondary school of the pupil in concern. This database should be located on the website of Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sports. It would be available to primary schools, but protected by a password which would grant the school access to the data of their students only. In secondary schools, teachers could also access to the information, so they would not have to be discovering appropriate teaching strategies that worked for a pupil in the past all over again. This would enable better conditions and a successful education for pupils with special needs.

Sexist Prejudice of Primary School Children in Different Urban and Rural Contexts of Spain

At present,a great deal of historical gender prejudice is still visible in society.It is essential to eliminate these invisible barriers that impede achieving real equality between men and women.This article seeks to provide a vision of the perception of primary school girls and boys regarding the masculine and feminine genders.A questionnaire was given to groups of schoolchildren in different locations,including rural areas and large cities such as Madrid,the capital of Spain.In addition to detect prejudice toward one of the two genders,some of the most often repeated answers were taken into account.On several occasions,one of the two sexes,or the two,was linked to intelligence or to the ideal of beauty.However,differences were not observed in all cases.Comments are made on the most relevant data regarding the predisposition among children to link girls with more passive attitudes than boys.For many years,society has fought to achieve real equality between the two sexes.However,there is still a great deal to be done,and the younger generations have the responsibility of succeeding in having the two sexes live together in a more egalitarian society.The role of education is to encourage this process.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Iron Deficiency Anemia among School-Age Children in Primary Schools in Burao City, Somaliland, 2020

Background: Anemia is a global public health problem affecting the majority of the population of the world in both developed and developing countries with major consequences on human health as well as social and economic development. It is the world’s second leading cause of disability of the whole global disease burden. It affects 1.62 billion (24.8%) of the population, among them, it is affecting 305 million (25.4%) school-age children (SAC). Objectives: The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among school-age children in primary schools in Burao city, Somaliland, 2020. Materials & Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study design was done in four primary schools in Burao, Somaliland. About 285 school-age children in the age group between 6 - 14 years were selected with a respondent rate of 93.4%. Random sampling was used to select schools and systemic random sampling was used to identify children from the selected schools. Socio-demographic data was collected by using a questionnaire & interviews of respondents in addition to anthropometric measurements, hemoglobin measurement, and stool examination. Complete Blood Counting (CBC) was used to determine the mean corpuscular (kor-PUS-kyu-lar) volume (MCV) and hematocrit (HMC) levels to detect hemoglobin status of the children. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS statistical software for Windows version 21. Anthropometric data was analyzed using ANTHRO Plus. Bivariate logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify independent predictors of anemia in school adolescent girls. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 285 school-age children were included in this study. The overall prevalence of anemia was (23.1%) (CI: 18.1%, 28.1%) with the mean and standard deviation of (12.7 ± 1.59). Out of the anemic children, 20.4% were mild and 2.3% and 0.4% of them were moderate and severe, respectively. Children’s from illiterate mothers (AOR = 2.37;95% CI: 1.14, 4.94. P-value = 0.020), consuming organ meat less than once a week (AOR = 2.19;95% CI: 1.05, 4.43. P-value = 0.036) and having parasites in stool (AOR = 5.21;95% CI: 1.10, 24.6. P-value = 0.037) were identified as statistically independent associated factors with prevalence of anemia in school-age children’s from Burao, Somaliland. Conclusion: Prevalence of anemia in Burao city, Somaliland primary schools was a moderate public health problem in the current study area. Nutrition education, iron folic acid supplementation program, deworming, good hygiene, and sanitation are playing an important role in the prevalence of anemia and we recommend to give them more attention from ministry of education and ministry of health in Somaliland.

新时代高质量小学教师教育体系重建:为了儿童的全面发展

新时代高质量小学教师教育体系是实现小学教师教育供给侧与需求侧趋于平衡的高质量,并最终指向为儿童的全面发展。它将小学教育作为一门科学与专业的教育,是一种整体上思考小学教师教育活动运行规律的方法论,是“体”与“系”及其相互关系的有机统一。新时代我国小学教师教育体系存在的问题包括当前小学教师教育体系无法满足我国新时代教育战略需求,无法满足中国特色教师教育体系建设需求。基于此,研究提出中国新时代高质量小学教师教育体系重建的路径:因地制宜构建多元化多类型多层次的专门小学教师培养机构体系;提高师范生的招生质量,确保新时代小学教师教育体系的生源质量;加强小学教师教育者队伍建设,为新时代小学教师教育体系提供师资保障;加强学科建设,重塑以高等知识为基础的小学教师教育课程建设;重构“理论-实践”相互激活的新时代小学教师教育教学模式;通过协同提质,重构新时代小学教师教育体系的组织保障机制。

小学教学楼庭院空间构成要素对儿童热舒适的影响

为探究儿童热舒适度与户外空间构成要素之间的相关性,对苏州姑苏区与工业园区内的95个小学教学楼庭院空间进行微气候数据采集、空间构成要素量化测量以及对儿童进行问卷调查,结果表明:1)苏州夏季、春季、冬季小学教学楼庭院的儿童热舒适度范围分别为26.5~34.2℃、18.5~26.3℃、23.1~28.2℃;2)与儿童热舒适度PET值显著相关的空间构成要素有5个,即绿地配置形式(“贴边+中央”型最佳)、朝向(东西朝向最佳)、围合度(4面围合最佳)、植物种植类型(乔灌草复合搭配最佳)、绿地率(30%~50%最佳)。基于研究结果,建议通过综合考虑景观特征、优化植物品种、完善辅助设施等手段提升小学教学楼庭院空间的热舒适度。

基于整本书阅读的小学儿童文学教学实施路径探索

儿童文学作品是小学阶段重要的教学内容,基于其教育性、娱乐性和文学性特征,儿童文学能促进学生语言运用能力、审美创造能力的发展,提升其文学素养,发展学生核心素养。然而聚焦教学一线,儿童文学作品在小学语文课堂中未能充分发挥其作用。整本书阅读可为儿童文学教学提供思路及实施路径。基于整本书阅读,从“阅读—交流—反思”进行纵向设计、从“选书—预热—通读—研读—展示”开展横向实施,能够打破单篇章阅读界限,丰富学生阅读体验与精神世界,全面提升儿童文学教学质量,具体的教学实施路径可为儿童文学教学提供有效指导。

突发公共卫生事件对大班幼儿数学准备能力的影响——看护人的视角

本研究从“幼儿园大班儿童入学成熟水平标准化测量数据库”的5万多名样本中随机抽取3780名有效样本,从看护人视角对比探讨2020—2022年新冠疫情这一突发公共卫生事件对儿童入学成熟水平中数学准备能力的影响。分析发现:在此期间,父母作为早期看护人的儿童数学准备能力有显著进步,而(外)祖父母作为早期看护人的儿童退步极其显著;早期看护人学历越高,儿童数学准备能力越有可能提升;在对儿童数学准备能力的影响方面,早期看护人职业与这三年的交互作用不显著;儿童“传递推理”与“时间”得分显著退步。本研究旨在从看护人视角出发呈现突发公共卫生事件对幼儿数学准备能力的影响,以期指导更多父母亲自抚养、关注隔辈重养不重教现象,做好幼儿的幼小衔接工作。

论核心素养导向的小学语文儿童诗阅读教学

当下的小学语文儿童诗阅读教学存在价值窄化、审美淡化、情感浅化、表达弱化、效能减化等问题,其根源在于儿童诗阅读教学目标、教学内容、教学实施的交错失位。研究认为,解决这些问题宜以核心素养为导向,立足儿童诗文体特质炼制教学内容,进而重构多维语文教育价值:浸润诗韵,提升语言直觉;感受诗境,丰富审美体验;体会诗情,深化文本理解;涵泳诗意,促进创意表达;汲取诗趣,推动生命成长;建构起“双线一体化”的核心素养教学路径。

如何防治城市小学流动儿童的校园欺凌?——基于流动儿童和本地儿童遭受校园欺凌的影响因素差异分析

校园欺凌事件频发且呈现低龄化倾向,精准防治城市小学流动儿童的校园欺凌具有重要现实意义。基于大规模省级监测数据,采用普通最小二乘法回归和泛精确匹配模型等讨论了城市小学流动儿童和本地儿童遭受校园欺凌的影响因素及其异质性,结果显示:相较于本地儿童,城市小学流动儿童更容易遭受言语欺凌和关系欺凌;良好的师生关系和亲子关系对城市小学生遭受各类校园欺凌均具有显著的负向影响。相较于本地儿童,师生关系对城市小学流动儿童遭受言语欺凌和关系欺凌的负向影响更大,亲子关系对城市小学流动儿童遭受关系欺凌的负向影响更大。由此,建议城市小学教师尤其班主任要更加关注流动儿童,与其建立亲密和谐的师生关系;流动儿童家长也要努力营造和谐的家庭氛围,构建亲密的亲子关系,减少流动儿童遭受各类校园欺凌尤其言语和关系欺凌的风险。

丹麦中小学生心理健康教育指导和服务研究

丹麦中小学生随着社交媒体的发展,出现了日益严重的心理健康问题,引起了丹麦政府及社会各界的广泛关注和重视。文章探究了丹麦中小学生心理健康问题的主要类型及表现,详述了丹麦在加强中小学生心理健康教育方面的预防措施及政策管理,聚焦疫情时期的应对措施和信息化手段的运用及效果。此外,还描述了丹麦天才儿童的心理健康情况和特别针对性的心理健康服务措施。总体上,丹麦政府、社会、学校以及家庭层面都致力于提供多样化的心理健康服务,共同促进学生的心理健康和幸福感。

小学语文写作作业设计儿童审美视角的迷失与回归

写作是提升小学生审美创造能力的基本渠道,但当今小学语文写作作业设计中儿童审美视角迷失,主要表现为:基于成人角度设计写作主题与要求,漠视儿童审美趣味;缺乏创设必要的习作准备活动,忽视儿童审美体验;过于倚重范文和设定写作标准,轻视儿童审美创造力训练。究其主因,源于“育分”思想冲击后教师育人观念的偏差和美学知识的缺乏,繁重工作压迫下教师作业设计的卸责,教师课标意识淡薄的连带效应。对此,教师应做好角色定位和转变教育理念,强化课标意识、夯实美学知识基础和掌握小学生审美意识形成特征,寻求预备活动、设计策略、作文评价协同发力。

Prevalence of developmental dyslexia in primary school children:a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Developmental dyslexia(DD)is a specific impairment during the acquisition of reading skills and may have a lifelong negative impact on individuals.Reliable estimates of the prevalence of DD serve as the basis for evidence-based health resource allocation and policy making.However,the prevalence of DD in primary school children varies largely across studies.Moreover,it is unclear whether there are differences in prevalence in different genders and writing systems.Hence,the present study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the global prevalence of DD and to explore related factors.Methods We will undertake a comprehensive literature search in 14 databases,including EMBASE,PubMed,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Cochrane,from their inception to June 2021.Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that describe the prevalence of DD will be eligible.The quality of the included observational studies will be assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement.The risk of bias will be determined by sensitivity analysis to identify publication bias.Results One meta-analysis will be conducted to estimate the prevalence of DD in primary school children.Heterogeneity will be assessed in terms of the properties of subjects(e.g.,gender,grade and writing system)and method of diagnosis in the included primary studies.Subgroup analyses will also be performed for population and secondary outcomes.Conclusion The results will synthesize the prevalence of DD and provide information for policy-makers and public health specialists.

汉语阅读障碍儿童认知缺陷干预的方法、挑战与启示(综述)

本文基于阅读障碍认知缺陷亚类型的分类框架,从语言、非语言以及整合的训练3个层面系统回顾了当前国内外公开发表的汉语阅读障碍儿童干预训练的研究成果。总体而言,目前干预研究仍以短期干预为主,且对象主要为小学生,干预效果仍待进一步检验。未来在教育实践中,应当提升干预的针对性、整体性、专业性与多元化。

儿童哲学视域下小学生生命教育路径的积极转向

生命教育是我国教育领域的重要组成部分。近年来,教育部高度重视中小学生安全教育工作,把广大中小学生的生命安全放在首要位置。本文的研究主要围绕儿童哲学与生命教育的关系展开,系统梳理了相关理论和目前小学生生命教育的实践成果,进而理清小学生生命教育的发展现状,并提出相应解决策略。希望能为小学生生命教育提供有益的参考和启示,帮助小学生健康、全面发展。

儿童认知发展理论视阈下小学校园导视系统设计研究

为提升儿童对校园导视的文化价值与教育意蕴,增加儿童对导视的认知与感官体验。以皮亚杰儿童认知发展理论为基底,对小学校园导视系统设计方法的研究更能获得新的解决路径。文章拟以儿童认知发展为理论基础,以视知觉为核心出发点,结合小学生认知偏好特征,将“抽象的”文化理念与“具象的”视觉符号相融通,刺激儿童视听触觉等感官系统,提炼出小学校园导视设计趣味性、人性化与风物性原则,探讨儿童相关的图形、色彩、文字设计增强儿童空间认知与体验感。

幼小衔接视角下教育戏剧提升6-7岁儿童口语表达能力的干预研究

教育戏剧活动是一种集戏剧表达、戏剧创作、戏剧表演为一体的综合性主题教育活动,其包含的多种教育元素能够有效促进儿童的社会能力、语言能力、情感态度等多方面的发展。为探究应用教育戏剧的口语训练活动对提升6-7岁儿童口语表达能力的影响,开展针对性教育实验,对刚升入小学一年级的86名儿童进行为期12周的教育干预。结果表明,教育戏剧活动能在倾听、表达、应对等维度有效提升儿童口语表达能力。主要建议:支持多向互动,为儿童创设宽松自由的表演环境;推进知行合一,积极应用教育戏剧范式充盈活动;支持幼小衔接,绘本资源入戏贴近儿童心理需求。