Study on integrated development and hybrid operation mode of nuclear power plant and pumped-storage power station

The nuclear power plant is suitable for base-load operation, while the pumped-storage unit mainly gives play to capacity benefit in the electric power system;hence, the integrated development and hybrid operation mode of the two can better meet the needs of the electric power system. This article first presents an analysis of the necessity and superiority of such mode, then explains its meaning and analyzes the working routes. Finally, it proposes the business modes as follows: low price pumping water electricity plus nuclear power in the near term;nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power participating in market competition in the middle term;and, in the long term, nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power as primary and serving as an electric power system when needed.

Sleep and Stress of Late Middle Age Males Who Are Forced to Live in Emergency Temporary Houses and Post-Earthquake Public Houses for a Long Period Due to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident

It has been revealed that prolonged shelter life caused by Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident in conjunction with the Great East Japan Earthquake influences sleep and mental health of the residents, and therefore its influence on their physical and emotional health has become a concern. Therefore, in this study, the authors aimed at clarifying actual situations of sleep and stress of middle age males living in shelters for a long period in each of emergency temporary houses and post-earthquake public houses. For 5 males who moved from emergency temporary houses to post-earthquake public houses, their objective and subjective sleep states were measured with Actigraph and PSQI, respectively. Furthermore, their objective and subjective stresses were measured with saliva stress biomarkers and GHQ28, respectively. Their data were analyzed by paired t-test. As result, in comparison between the life in the emergency temporary houses and post-earthquake public houses, significant variation was not recognized in their objective sleep states and saliva stress biomarkers though their subjective sleep and subjective stress were significantly worsened after moving to the post-earthquake public houses.

Assessment of Effects of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station on the Ecological Environment and Water Quality of its Adjacent Waters after its Running

On the basis of the data of biological and nonbiological factors collected respectively from 1989 to 1990 and from 1995 to 1996 in the waters nearby the Qinshan Nuclear Power Station, the ecological environment and water quality of the waters are analyzed and assessed in the paper. The results show: (a) the surveyed area has the typical ecological characteristics of high tidal range estuary, rich nutrients and low biological productivity, (b) tide, runoff and offshore seawater intrusion are the key factors which result in seasonal and annual changes of various biological and non-biological factors, (c) the risking of seawater eutrophication index is resulted from enormous amount of the discharges of industrial and domestic sewage, (d) because the survey area is located in a high tidal-range estuary, thermal effluent from cooling system does not induce significant temperature changes, ( e) the first stage project of Qinshan nuclear power station has no notable impacts on the ecological environment in

Investigation on the seismic response of nuclear power stations with a pile-raft foundation using centrifuge tests

Research to reliably predict the seismic response of nuclear power stations with a pile-raft foundation is needed to meet the high safety requirements of nuclear power stations.In this study,a scaled superstructure with a 4×3 pile-raft foundation,which is constructed in Shanxi kaolin clay,is modelled.Accordingly,the characteristics of seismic response for nuclear power stations with a pile-raft foundation are analyzed using dynamic centrifuge tests.In particular,multiple earthquake motions with different magnitudes and frequency properties are utilized to map the relationship between structural response and properties of earthquake motions.The results show that the seismic response of the soil,raft,and structure are significantly affected by the natural frequency and magnitude of the earthquake motion.The soil surface acceleration is lower than the raft acceleration.The results provide a reliable reference to better understand the seismic response of nuclear power stations.

Phytoplankton ecology in the adjacent waters of the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station in Guangdong in spring

The purpose of this study is to detail the ecological characteristics of phytoplankton in waters around the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station in Guangdong (GNPS) (Fig. 1) in spring, the bloom period of algae. The collections with a small temporal scale of every three days were made during 30 cruises from March to May in 1987. Such an investigation has never been carried out before in China except that the seasonal distribution and composition of phytoplankton in these regions were reported in

An Anisotropic Geomechanical Model for Jointed Rock Masses at Taishan Nuclear Power Station, Southern China

An anisotropic geomechanical model for jointed rock mass is presented. Simultaneously with deriving the orthotropic anisotropy elastic parameters along the positive axis, the equivalent compliance matrix for the deflection axis orthotropic anisotropy was derived through a three- dimensional coordinate transformation. In addition, Singh＇s analysis of the stress concentration effects of intermittent joints was adopted, based on two groups of intermittent joints and a set of cross- cutting joints in the jointed rock mass. The stress concentration effects caused by intermittent joints and the coupling effect of cross-cutting joints along the deflection-axis are also considered. The proposed anisotropic mechanics parameters method is applied to determine the deformation parameters of jointed granite at the Taishan Nuclear Power Station. Combined with the deterministic mechanical parameters of rock blocks and joints, the deformation parameters and their variability in jointed rock masses are estimated quantitatively. The computed results show that jointed granite at the Taishan Nuclear Power Station exhibits typical anisotropic mechanical characteristics; the elastic moduli in the two horizontal directions were similar, but the elastic modulus in the vertical direction was much greater. Jointed rock elastic moduli in the two horizontal and vertical directions were respectively about 24% and 37% of the core of rock, showing weakly orthotropic anisotropy; the ratio of elastic moduli in the vertical and horizontal directions was 1.53, clearly indicating the transversely isotropic rock mass mechanical characteristics. The method can be popularized to solve other rock mechanics problems in nuclear power engineering.

Property uniformity of thick nickel-based alloy plate for nuclear power steam-generator divider plate

This paper introduces a thick 690 nickel-based alloy plate produced by the former Baosteel Special Steel Co.,Ltd.used as the steam-generator divider plate in the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant.According to the product characteristics and design requirements of the thick nickel-based alloy plate,multidimensional sampling and testing were conducted to investigate its microstructure and mechanical properties.The results show that all the property indexes of the thick hot-rolled nickel-based alloy plate meet the design requirements,and there is good uniformity in the microstructure and mechanical properties in different dimensions.These findings indicate that China has mastered the core manufacturing technology of thick nickel-based alloy plates for their use as divider plates in nuclear power steam generators.

基于SOS-LSTM的核电站隐蔽攻击方法研究

针对实现隐蔽攻击需要获取攻击目标高精度估计模型的问题,提出一种基于共生生物搜索算法优化长短期记忆神经网络(SOS-LSTM)的隐蔽攻击方法。首先,将攻击目标的反馈控制器输出和输入信号作为长短期记忆神经网络的数据集,通过训练得到受攻击区域的估计模型,再利用估计模型设计隐蔽攻击器向受攻击对象施加攻击信号。此外,使用SOS算法优化LSTM的网络参数来提升隐蔽攻击器的性能。对核电站一回路控制系统进行隐蔽攻击的仿真实验结果表明,该攻击方法在对目标控制系统输出信号实现预先设定攻击行为的同时具有较高隐蔽性。

新能源场站快速频率支撑能力评估研究现状与技术展望

随着以风电、光伏为代表的新能源发电逐步取代同步机组,系统调频资源不足、抗扰动能力下降,频率安全问题凸显,新能源场站提供快速频率支撑成为构建新型电力系统的必然要求。新能源场站快速频率支撑是其内部多设备、多环节综合作用的结果,受风光资源、控制策略、电网条件等多因素的影响和制约。量化评估新能源场站的快速频率支撑能力是指导场站调频优化控制、分析新型电力系统频率响应特性、实现场站调频资源与电网交互的基础和前提。文中对新能源场站快速频率支撑能力评估问题进行了全面综述。首先,分析场站快速频率支撑的特征,并给出了场站快速频率支撑能力的定义;然后,从状态属性、控制特性、调频效果3个维度梳理了场站快速频率支撑能力的评估指标体系,并对各类评估指标的常用计算方法进行分析评述;最后,提出了值得关注和进一步研究的关键技术问题。

基于粉管动压和煤粉分配的热态条件下中速磨煤机入口风量标定试验方法

针对中速磨煤机输运介质特点及入口管路、空间等限制,冷态纯空气条件下的测试方法无法保证磨煤机入口风量标定测试及时性的问题,热态运行工况下,选取流场稳定的磨煤机出口管道,采用等截面网格法测试各粉管动压和煤粉分配特性,并用循环迭代法获取风粉混合物流速,最终以实测的磨煤机出口风粉混合物流量与煤量、设计密封风量的差值对磨煤机入口风量进行标定。试验结果表明,在相同的实测原始数据基础上,采用上述方法获取的磨煤机入口流量更接近真实值,准确性较采用冷态纯空气条件下的计算结果提升约15百分点。该方法测试简单,实操性强,可有效提升中速磨煤机入口风量标定结果的准确性和及时性,同时,对相似工业环境中含粉气流流量的测试也有一定的指导作用。

铅基反应堆海洋核动力发展研究

铅基反应堆(铅基堆)核动力具有固有安全、小型轻量、长寿高效等突出优点,在先进海洋装备、无人潜航器、深海空间站的能源动力上应用前景广阔;在加快建设海洋强国的背景下,保障海洋能源供给成为重要的基础条件,开展铅基堆海洋核动力发展研究是推动我国海洋装备能源动力技术革新的关键内容。本文总结了海洋核动力的应用场景与发展需求,从技术特征、代表性应用、研制现状等方面系统梳理了铅基堆核动力的发展概况,凝练和剖析了包括核燃料与包壳材料、一回路关键设备、冷却剂工艺与氧测控、先进发电技术在内的铅基堆海洋核动力关键技术。立足国情研判了铅基堆海洋核动力面临的发展挑战,提出了低温铅基堆海洋核动力、高温高效铅基堆海洋核动力、一体化全自然循环铅基堆海洋核动力等可行技术路线。研究建议,强化前瞻性配套专项技术研发、加快部署装备示范工程,将铅基堆纳入重大能源战略、加快建设标准体系,设置国家级联合研发机构、构建科技创新和产业发展新模式,更好服务国家海洋战略并推动海洋核动力跨越式发展。

数字化核电厂主控室软操作任务分析

核电厂数字化后,操纵员在计算机界面进行监视、评估与操纵,需要进行大量软操作。为全面了解数字化核电厂主控室软操作任务特征,基于操纵员任务类型以及NUREG/CR-6690,确定操纵员软操作类型。然后以某核电厂丧失给水事件复训为例,分析其反应堆操纵员(RO)和汽轮机操纵员(TO)的软操作特征。实例分析结果表明:TO软操作、界面管理任务和主任务次数大于RO;操纵员界面管理任务次数大于主任务次数;操纵员软操作工作负荷与任务有关,且不同工况下操纵员工作负荷存在差异;操纵员界面管理任务中,导航和查询/质问占比最大。

纸质规程下数字化核电厂界面管理任务研究

为全面了解纸质规程下数字化核电厂界面管理任务特征,首先,基于NUREG/CR-6690以及操纵员在计算机屏幕上的点击行为,确定5类12条界面管理任务;然后,以某核电厂某班组复训过程操纵员监视与操纵行为为研究对象,利用INTERACT软件对反应堆操纵员(RO)和汽轮机操纵员(TO)的界面管理任务和主任务进行统计与分析。实例分析结果表明:RO和TO界面管理任务均多于主任务,分别占各自总任务的69.3%和82.3%;正常运行工况下,RO与TO界面管理任务占比均超75%,事故运行工况下,TO界面管理任务占比均超81%;RO与TO相比需要执行更多的界面管理任务;RO和TO画面调整和配置次数较少,导航和查询/质问次数最多;在事故运行工况下,TO较多采用自动化执行监视、评估和操纵任务。

压水堆核电机组一回路腐蚀产物样品前处理及测量方法研究

本研究通过实验室方法探测和现场检测验证进行压水堆核电机组一回路腐蚀产物样品前处理及测量方法研究,方法研究过程中考察样品前处理和测量方法两个维度对测量结果的影响。其中,方法研究过程分别考查样品前处理加酸种类(分别为硝酸和王水)和加酸后静置时间(分别静置1 h、4 h、24 h)对测量结果精密度、准确度和检出限的影响。综合火焰原子吸收光谱法、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法和离子色谱法这几种检测方法的检出限、适用测试样品性质及国内核电厂仪器资源配置,本文选择电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法作为样品检测方法,并用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法辅助验证。结果表明一回路腐蚀产物样品前处理过程采用硝酸酸化,加酸量控制在1%,加酸后24 h内完成测量,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)作为样品检测方法,是一种检出限低(检出限低于1μg/kg)、精密度高(相对标准偏差值介于6.54%~14.07%)和准确度高(加标回收率在99.2%~104.4%)的测量方法。

核电厂一回路计算机压力控制系统的研发与应用

核电机组一回路是核电厂的第二道安全屏障,其可靠性和严密性对于核电安全至关重要。我国几乎所有核电机组进行一回路承压能力和密封测试的压力控制均为手动操作,控制精度低、劳动强度大、压力读数误差大,存在很大的人因失效风险。针对该问题,研发了一套计算机控制系统来实现水压试验的自动控制,阐述了该计算机控制系统软、硬件系统设计和实现方案,并介绍了人机交互界面的功能要素和实现形式。结果表明,该系统能很好地完成一回路水压试验过程的自动控制任务。

三维激光投影技术在核电厂施工放样中的应用

施工放样作为核电厂建造的关键基础工作,是其他施工活动的依据,其对工程质量及进度有着直接影响。目前核电建安领域主要采用全站仪进行逐点式放样的施工放样方法,该方法具有放样精度差、施工效率低和人工成本投入大等弊端。本文主要提出了应用三维激光投影技术实现核电厂快速施工放样,该方法具有批量放样和投影精度高的特点,通过核电厂施工放样可行性分析和某核电项目现场应用,并使用全站仪进行对比分析,验证了三维激光投影技术在核电厂施工放样中具有一定的应用前景。

某核电工程SBO柴油发电机组设备鉴定方案研究

全厂断电(Station Block Out,SBO)柴油发电机组在全厂断电事故工况下,除作为水压试验泵的电源外,还为主控室和重要机柜间通风系统、安全壳环形空间通风系统、主泵相关电动阀门及非能动专用电源系统供电,保证控制室某些指示仪正常工作,并使单元机组运行必需的控制器可用,是核电厂的最后一道安全电源防线,其重要性不言而喻。为了确保设备的可靠性,某核电工程SBO柴油发电机组的安全分级为F-SC3(安全重要的非安全设备),且电气设备需要满足K3类鉴定要求。基于此,对某核电工程SBO柴油发电机组的鉴定要求和项目实施方案进行研究。