This paper reviews the early development of design requirements for seismic events in USA early developing nuclear electric generating fleet. Notable safety studies,including WASH-1400,Sandia Siting Study and the NURE...This paper reviews the early development of design requirements for seismic events in USA early developing nuclear electric generating fleet. Notable safety studies,including WASH-1400,Sandia Siting Study and the NUREG1150 probabilistic risk study,are briefly reviewed in terms of their relevance to extreme accidents arising from seismic and other severe accident initiators. Specific characteristic about the nature of severe accidents in nuclear power plant (NPP) are reviewed along with present day state-of-art analysis methodologies (methods for estimation of leakages and consequences of releases (MELCOR) and MELCOR accident consequence code system (MACCS)) that are used to evaluate severe accidents and to optimize mitigative and protective actions against such accidents. It is the aim of this paper to make nuclear operating nations aware of the risks that accompany a much needed energy resource and to identify some of the tools,techniques and landmark safety studies that serve to make the technology safer and to maintain vigilance and adequate safety culture for the responsible management of this valuable but unforgiving technology.展开更多
Fennovoima is planning to build a new nuclear power plant unit-Hanhikivi 1, on a greenfield site in Northern Finland. A nearby maritime oil spill accident is one of the external events analysed in the probabilistic ri...Fennovoima is planning to build a new nuclear power plant unit-Hanhikivi 1, on a greenfield site in Northern Finland. A nearby maritime oil spill accident is one of the external events analysed in the probabilistic risk assessment of the plant. In the worst case, the oil could cause a loss of the ultimate heat sink by blocking the sea water intake screens. By considering the maritime traffic, oil transport and oil spill accident data in the Baltic Sea area, the annual probabilities of nearby, significant oil spills are evaluated. Event tree analysis is used to evaluate the probability that significant amount of oil enters the plant intake tunnel. The spill behaviour is considered, including oil spreading, dissolution, dispersion and movement due to wind and currents. In addition, oil combat measures including the use ofoil booms and skimmers are evaluated.展开更多
文摘This paper reviews the early development of design requirements for seismic events in USA early developing nuclear electric generating fleet. Notable safety studies,including WASH-1400,Sandia Siting Study and the NUREG1150 probabilistic risk study,are briefly reviewed in terms of their relevance to extreme accidents arising from seismic and other severe accident initiators. Specific characteristic about the nature of severe accidents in nuclear power plant (NPP) are reviewed along with present day state-of-art analysis methodologies (methods for estimation of leakages and consequences of releases (MELCOR) and MELCOR accident consequence code system (MACCS)) that are used to evaluate severe accidents and to optimize mitigative and protective actions against such accidents. It is the aim of this paper to make nuclear operating nations aware of the risks that accompany a much needed energy resource and to identify some of the tools,techniques and landmark safety studies that serve to make the technology safer and to maintain vigilance and adequate safety culture for the responsible management of this valuable but unforgiving technology.
文摘Fennovoima is planning to build a new nuclear power plant unit-Hanhikivi 1, on a greenfield site in Northern Finland. A nearby maritime oil spill accident is one of the external events analysed in the probabilistic risk assessment of the plant. In the worst case, the oil could cause a loss of the ultimate heat sink by blocking the sea water intake screens. By considering the maritime traffic, oil transport and oil spill accident data in the Baltic Sea area, the annual probabilities of nearby, significant oil spills are evaluated. Event tree analysis is used to evaluate the probability that significant amount of oil enters the plant intake tunnel. The spill behaviour is considered, including oil spreading, dissolution, dispersion and movement due to wind and currents. In addition, oil combat measures including the use ofoil booms and skimmers are evaluated.
