Effects of Health Education with Problem-Based Learning Approaches on the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Coping Skills of Women with High-Risk Pregnancies in Plateau Areas

Objective: Given the unique cultural background, way of life, and physical environment of the Tibetan Plateau, this study aims to investigate the effects of health education using problem-based learning (PBL) approaches on the knowledge, attitude, practice, and coping skills of women with high-risk pregnancies in this region. Methods: 76 high-risk pregnancy cases were enrolled at Tibet’s Linzhi People’s Hospital between September 2023 and April 2024. 30 patients admitted between September 2023 and December 2023 were selected as the control group and were performed with regular patient education. 46 patients admitted between January 2024 and April 2024 were selected as the observation group and were performed regular patient education with problem-based learning approaches. Two groups’ performance on their health knowledge, attitude, practice and coping skills before and after interventions were evaluated, and patient satisfaction were measured at the end of the study. Results: There was no statistical significance (P P P Conclusions: Health education with problem-based learning approaches is worth promoting as it can help high-risk pregnant women in plateau areas develop better health knowledge, attitude and practice and healthier coping skills. Also, it can improve patient sanctification.

Exploring the Application Effect of Flipped Classroom Combined with Problem-Based Learning Teaching Method in Clinical Skills Teaching of Standardized Training for Resident Doctors of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective: To explore the application effect of flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method in clinical skills teaching of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods: The study used the experimental control method. The study lasted from September to November 2022. The subjects of this study were 49 students of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine from grades 2020, 2021 and 2022 of Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital. They were randomly divided into experiment group (25) and control group (24). The experiment group adopted flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method, and the control group adopted traditional teaching method. The teaching content was 4 basic clinical skill projects, including four diagnoses of traditional Chinese Medicine, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, dressing change procedure, acupuncture and massage. The evaluation method was carried out by comparing the students’ performance and a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the students’ evaluation of the teaching method. Results: The test scores of total scores in the experimental group (90.12 ± 5.89) were all higher than those in the control group (81.47 ± 7.96) (t = 4.53, P P Conclusions: The teaching process of the flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method is conducive to improving the efficiency of classroom teaching, cultivating students’ self-learning ability, and enhancing students’ willingness to learn.

PBL(Problem-based Learning)教学法道路规划与几何设计教学中的应用与探索

立足于道路规划与几何设计信息量大,涉及专业基础知识广、实践性强等特点,将PBL教学法在教学中进行了应用与探索,从教师设计问题、组建学习小组、问题探索与交流、教师总结评价等方面进行了教学设计和应用研究,实践证明PBL教学有助于提高学生的自主创新学习能力及学习的积极性,显著提升了教学效果。

Integrating a flipped classroom and problem-based learning into ophthalmology education

Background: Ophthalmology is an important medical science subject, but it is given with insufficient attention in undergraduate medical education. Flipped classroom(FC) and problem-based learning(PBL) are well-known education methods that can be integrated into ophthalmology education to improve students' competence level and promote active learning. Methods: We used a mixed teaching methodology that integrated a FC and PBL into a 1-week ophthalmology clerkship for 72 fourth-year medical students. The course includes two major sessions: FC session and PBL session, relying on clinical and real-patient cases. Written examinations were set up to assess students' academic performance and questionnaires were designed to evaluate their perceptions. Results: The post-course examination results were higher than the pre-course results, and many students gained ophthalmic knowledge and learning skills to varying levels. Comparison of pre-and post-course questionnaires indicated that interests in ophthalmology increased and more students expressed desires to be eye doctors. Most students were satisfied with the new method, while some suggested the process should be slower and the communication with their teacher needed to strengthen.Conclusions: FC and PBL are complementary methodologies. Utilizing the mixed teaching meth of FC and PBL was successful in enhancing academic performance, student satisfactions and promoting active learning.

Problem-Based Learning of Drug Use and Abuse during COVID-19 Contingency

Introduction: Nursing students’ experiences during the pandemic provoked social isolation, the way to learn and every context increasing their stress and anxiety leading to drug use and abuse, among others. Problem-based learning (PBL) is a pedagogic strategy to strengthen significant learning;then the objective was to establish PBL influence in nursing students’ experiences on drug use and abuse during COVID-19 contingency. Methods: Qualitative, phenomenological and descriptive paradigm, 12 female and male nursing students aged 20 - 24 years old from the 5th and 6th semesters participated. Information collection was through semi-structured interview and a deep one in four cases. A guide of questions about: How the pandemic impacted your life? How did you face it? And what did you learn during this process? Those questions were used. Qualitative data analysis was based on De Souza Minayo, and signed informed consent was obtained from participants. Results: Students’ experiences allowed four categories to emerge, with six sub-categories. Category I. Students’ experiences on drug use and abuse facing the sanitary contingency;Category II. Students’ skills development to identify a problem and design of appropriate solutions;Category III. Developing skills to favor interpersonal relationships;Category IV. Influence of PBL in nursing students’ experiences on drug use and abuse during the COVID-19 contingency. Conclusion: PBL favored analysis and thoughts in nursing students’ experiences on drug use and abuse during the COVID-19 contingency, they worked collaboratively, developed resilience to daily life situations, and implemented stress coping strategies with their significant learning, which diminished their risk behavior.

The Use of PBL （Problem-Based Learning） in Improving the Student Performance in Navigation 3 （Terrestrial and Coastal Navigation）

这伪试验性的研究瞄准了调查 PBL 的有效性(基于问题的学习) 在改善 BSMT (在海洋的交通的理学士) 的在航行 3 的表演(陆上、沿海的航行) 在 JBLFMU-Arevalo 的第二个年学生在学年 2016-2017 的第一个学期期间。这研究的回答者是与在题目航行 3 被注册的对方一起可比较的二节。有回答者们在试验性的组 30 使镇定下来的 60 学生， 30 在控制组织。A 验证了有 10 的做教师的解决问题测试削尖的三个项目因为每个正确答案被用作一台仪器。依赖变量是在航行 3 的分数，独立变量是 PBL 途径。使用的统计工具是平均数，标准差， Mann-Whitney 测试，和在意义的 0.05 水平设置的签名 Wilcoxon 的等级测试。效果尺寸被计算在航行 3 以学生性能决定 PBL 途径的有效性。尽管试验性的组比控制组，有一个更高的平均数，结果在预告测验显示出那因为重要价值比 0.05 大， Mann-Whitney 测试证明二个组的吝啬的分数是可比较的。当处理被介绍时，调查结果证明在在预告测验和 posttest 的航行 3 性能有重要差别试验性并且象在两个组的 posttests 一样的控制组。试验性的组的更好的表演能被归因于学生活跃地涉及学习过程的干预，这能被推断。

The problem-based learning integrated with simulation to improve nursing students’ self-efficacy

Introduction: The purposes of this study were to describe the simulation integrated with problem-based learning (SIM-PBL) module to educate the nursing process for clients with hypertension and to evaluate its effectiveness on nursing students’ self-efficacy (SE). Methods: This study was a one group pre- and post-test design. Twenty five students received a 5-hour SIM-PBL program focused on nursing care of clients with hypertension. A newly developed self-report questionnaire was used to assess SE in four areas of the nursing process with a scale of 0 (not at all confident) to 10 (totally confident). The four areas were subjective data assessment, physical examination, prioritizing nursing care and health promotion advices. Results: At baseline, students’ SE ranged from 5.5 ± 1.4 (prioritizing nursing care) to 7.6 ± 1.4 (subjective data assessment). After SIM-PBL education, all areas of nursing process presented statistically significant improvements of SE. The improvements were most noticeable in prioritizing nursing care. Conclusion: The SIM-PBL module was effective in improving the students’ self-efficacy in the nursing process for patients with hypertension. Further studies are recommended in developing SIM-PBL modules for diverse nursing topics and evaluating their effectiveness in various aspects of students’ competency.

Do the Application of Problem-Based Learning on Undergraduate Nursing Students’ Is Effective? A Case Study Review

Objectives: The study’s aims to determine and assess the application of problem-based learning to undergraduate nursing students. Background: Nursing students are the upcoming health care delivery system;according to their standard of learning, it will affect their clinical training. Method: The study design is a case study review, the data was collected using many articles related to problem-based learning collected from E-books and E-journals websites like CINAHEL, Google Scholar, etc. After that, the data was analyzed and evaluated related to the application of problem-based learning on undergraduate nursing students. Result: The result appeared that most of the research proved and supported that the application of problem-based learning is effective for undergraduate nursing students, and students can solve patients’ problems in a better way. Conclusion: In conclusion, problem-based learning is an essential part of the nursing diagnosis process that will increase knowledge, and performance, and merge it with the nursing concepts.

The Application of Problem Based Learning in Undergraduate Nursing Education: A Strategy for Curriculum Reform

Background: Problem based learning (PBL) is an innovative way of delivering instruction in which problems are used as the basis of learning. Problem based learning was developed in the 1960s by Harold Barrows at McMaster University Medical School in Canada. Since then, PBL had been im-plemented as a teaching method in other reputable education institutions internationally, includ-ing nursing education. Curriculum reform is proposed through PBL in conjunction with patient simulation in undergraduate nursing education. The first author, Tan Kan Ku, PhD Candidate, MHS (Transcultural Mental Health—by Research) worked as a Registered Nurse for more than two decades internationally in England, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia and Australia, where she worked as a Case Manager in Community Mental Health Rehabilitation Program. Since 2001, she focused on nurse education and research into the stigma of mental illness from a cross-cultural perspective. Currently, she teaches Mental Health, Cultural Diversity and Research in the Diploma of Nursing course at Victoria University in Melbourne, Australia, while completing her PhD thesis for examination at Charisma University. The second author, Dr. Michael Ha, FSA, MAAA, CFA, CPA (Australia) FRM, PRM, LLM, is the Founding Director of the MSc Financial Mathematics programme at Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University. He was previously Vice President of Strategic Business In-itiatives Units at ING Life Insurance in its Taiwan operation. Ninety percent of his students are enrolled in the Financial Mathematics programme. They learn not only mathematics and statistics theories but also their applications in the Finance and Investment areas, especially Portfolio Con-struction and Financial Risk Management. Creating a real-world Finance work environment in university lecture-halls embracing theories and practice, Dr. Ha strongly believes the PBL method can be employed in the Financial Mathematics training agenda so students can be better-prepared for work. Students are no longer instructed-learners but active thinkers and problem-solvers. Conclusion: Educators in fields such as Medical, Nursing, Engineering, Financial Mathematics, Ac-counting, Computing, etc., need to be prepared to change their teaching philosophy from didactic to problem solving for PBL to be implemented. Constructive alignment is recommended for curri-culum reform.

Feature-Based Aggregation and Deep Reinforcement Learning:A Survey and Some New Implementations

In this paper we discuss policy iteration methods for approximate solution of a finite-state discounted Markov decision problem, with a focus on feature-based aggregation methods and their connection with deep reinforcement learning schemes. We introduce features of the states of the original problem, and we formulate a smaller "aggregate" Markov decision problem, whose states relate to the features. We discuss properties and possible implementations of this type of aggregation, including a new approach to approximate policy iteration. In this approach the policy improvement operation combines feature-based aggregation with feature construction using deep neural networks or other calculations. We argue that the cost function of a policy may be approximated much more accurately by the nonlinear function of the features provided by aggregation, than by the linear function of the features provided by neural networkbased reinforcement learning, thereby potentially leading to more effective policy improvement.

An innovative approach of using online problem‑based learning and case‑based learning in teaching disaster nursing during the COVID‑19 pandemic

Objective:The objective of this study is to evaluate the learning experience effect of online problem‑based learning(PBL)and case‑based learning(CBL)in teaching disaster nursing.Methods:According to the characteristics of online PBL and CBL,the revised curriculum experience questionnaire(CEQ)was used to evaluate the teaching quality.Cronbach’s coefficient and the reliability of the split‑half reliability questionnaire were calculated.The exploratory factor analysis of 26 items was carried out by principal component analysis and maximum variance rotation method.Kaiser‑Meyer‑Olkin(KMO)and Bartlett’s tests were used to test the validity of the questionnaire.The comparison between groups was performed by one‑way analysis of variance.Results:A total of 191 questionnaires were issued and 183 copies were recovered,with a recovery rate of 95.8%.The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of CEQ is 0.929,and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each dimension is between 0.713 and 0.924.After factor analysis,the KMO value was 0.817.The 26 items finally returned to 6 principal components,and all factor load values were above 0.7,indicating good factor analysis effect.This study found that students who learned disaster nursing had an ideal online learning experience,and the average value of CEQ was 3.74±0.42.In particular,male students,senior students or medical students had a higher curriculum experience score.In addition,compared with the national recruitment,the international students have higher curriculum experience score on the dimension of Appropriate Assessment Scale,indicating that the international students are more inclined to use online PBL and CBL.Conclusions:Using the revised CEQ is an innovative approach to evaluate the effect of online PBL and CBL in teaching disaster nursing,which can improve students’experience and curriculum quality.

Effects of Problem-based English Writing Instruction on Thai Upper Secondary School Students' Critical Thinking Abilities and Argumentative Writing Skills

The objective of the study is to examine the effects of Problem based English writing instruction on Thai Upper secondary school students' critical thinking abilities and argumentative writing skill.In this study,the researcher constructed 18weeks' training in a prestigious secondary school M6 level.The instruments used in this research include lesson plans,writing assignments,instructional material and topics.Critical thinking pre- test and post test were used to measure students' critical thinking development.Scoring rubric was designed to measure students' argumentative writing development.The data were analyzed using mean,t-test,correlation through SPSS system.The results of the analyses reveal that 1) students who learn through Problem based English Writing Instruction gained significantly higher average scores on the critical thinking post test than the critical thinking pre-test at the significance level of 0.05 and the mean difference is 0.5 which is referred to large effect;2) students who learn through Problem based English Writing Instruction gained significantly higher average score on their fifth argumentative writing assignment than the average score of their first argumentative writing assignment at the significance level of 0.05,with the mean of the effect size at 0.84 which referred to large effect.Problem-based English writing instruction was proved to be an effective way in improving students' Critical thinking and argumentative writing.

TBL-CBL-PBL三轨联合教学模式在血液科住院医师规范化培训中的应用

目的探讨基于团队的学习(TBL)-基于案例的学习(CBL)-基于问题的学习(PBL)三轨联合教学模式在血液科住院医师规范化培训中的应用。方法选取在新乡医学院第一附属医院轮转的192名住培医师为研究对象,随机将其分为试验组和对照组,各96名。试验组实施TBL-CBL-PBL三轨联合教学模式,对照组实施传统教学模式。比较两组的教学效果。结果试验组的理论考试、客观结构化临床考试(OSCE)及教学查房总成绩均高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组的学习兴趣、临床思维能力、自学能力提高度均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论TBL-CBL-PBL三轨联合教学模式在血液科住院医师规范化培训中的应用效果较好。

PBL教学法联合E-Learning模式在儿科神经系统疾病实习中的应用

目的探讨基于问题的学习(Problem-based learning,PBL)教学法联合E-Learning模式在儿科神经系统疾病实习中的应用效果。方法选取2018年7月—2019年7月在内蒙古医科大学附属医院儿科进行实习的60名学生为研究对象,采用奇偶数字法将学生分为实验组和对照组,每组30名。实验组采用PBL教学法联合E-Learning模式,对照组采用传统的教学方式。比较2组学生的理论成绩和实践成绩。结果实验组学生的理论成绩和实践成绩均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PBL教学法联合E-Learning模式应用于儿科神经系统疾病临床实习中的效果显著,可提高学生的学习成绩,值得在临床推广应用。

大学英语思辨式阅读教学模式探析——以全新版大学英语BOOK2 UNIT1 Learning,Chinese-style为例

大学英语教学有效整合思辨能力培养是一个重要的研究课题。本研究基于国内外思辨能力培养与语言教学整合研究,针对当前大学英语课程语言技能与思辨能力培养脱裂的现状做出反思,将问题导向式与同伴协作式教学方法同时应用于大学英语的阅读教学环节,这一教学实践初步构建了思辨式阅读教学模式,并探讨了此教学方法对培养学生思辨能力的作用。

PBL联合Mini-CEX在本科儿科实践教学中的应用探讨

目的:拟探讨PBL联合Mini-CEX在本科儿科实践教学的应用。方法:以2021年9月—2022年1月在南京医科大学第一附属医院进行本科实践教学的学生作为研究对象,将其随机分成对照组和研究组,分别选择传统教学法和PBL联合传统教学法。通过理论、技能考核,Mini-CEX临床考核和调查问卷的形式对教学效果进行评估。结果:研究组学生理论考核成绩显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组Mini-CEX临床考核成绩显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组的学生在理论知识掌握程度、实践能力提高、提出问题能力提高、处理问题能力提高和综合能力提高的教学满意度显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:PBL联合Mini-CEX在本科儿科实践教学中有着广阔的应用前景。

Construction and Practice of a Practical Teaching System for Normal Universities Based on Ability Cultivation

This study aims to explore the effect of project-based teaching methods on improving students’ abilities in normal universities. This study delves into the practice teaching system based on ability training implemented in normal universities, examining the application of this teaching model in teacher education and the potential challenges it may encounter. Our case study reveals that the Project-Based Learning (PBL) approach can effectively transform students from passive recipients of knowledge into active problem solvers, thereby enhancing their critical thinking, problem-solving, teamwork, and communication skills. However, challenges do exist, including ensuring active participation from all students, providing equal opportunities for each student to develop and showcase their abilities, and completing complex projects within a limited timeframe. Therefore, teachers may need to adjust their teaching strategies, and schools need to provide more resources and support. These adjustments can help the practice teaching system based on ability training better serve teacher education and offer students a higher-quality educational experience.