PBL(Problem-based Learning)教学法道路规划与几何设计教学中的应用与探索

立足于道路规划与几何设计信息量大,涉及专业基础知识广、实践性强等特点,将PBL教学法在教学中进行了应用与探索,从教师设计问题、组建学习小组、问题探索与交流、教师总结评价等方面进行了教学设计和应用研究,实践证明PBL教学有助于提高学生的自主创新学习能力及学习的积极性,显著提升了教学效果。

Effects of Health Education with Problem-Based Learning Approaches on the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Coping Skills of Women with High-Risk Pregnancies in Plateau Areas

Objective: Given the unique cultural background, way of life, and physical environment of the Tibetan Plateau, this study aims to investigate the effects of health education using problem-based learning (PBL) approaches on the knowledge, attitude, practice, and coping skills of women with high-risk pregnancies in this region. Methods: 76 high-risk pregnancy cases were enrolled at Tibet’s Linzhi People’s Hospital between September 2023 and April 2024. 30 patients admitted between September 2023 and December 2023 were selected as the control group and were performed with regular patient education. 46 patients admitted between January 2024 and April 2024 were selected as the observation group and were performed regular patient education with problem-based learning approaches. Two groups’ performance on their health knowledge, attitude, practice and coping skills before and after interventions were evaluated, and patient satisfaction were measured at the end of the study. Results: There was no statistical significance (P P P Conclusions: Health education with problem-based learning approaches is worth promoting as it can help high-risk pregnant women in plateau areas develop better health knowledge, attitude and practice and healthier coping skills. Also, it can improve patient sanctification.

The Application of Problem Based Learning in Undergraduate Nursing Education: A Strategy for Curriculum Reform

Background: Problem based learning (PBL) is an innovative way of delivering instruction in which problems are used as the basis of learning. Problem based learning was developed in the 1960s by Harold Barrows at McMaster University Medical School in Canada. Since then, PBL had been im-plemented as a teaching method in other reputable education institutions internationally, includ-ing nursing education. Curriculum reform is proposed through PBL in conjunction with patient simulation in undergraduate nursing education. The first author, Tan Kan Ku, PhD Candidate, MHS (Transcultural Mental Health—by Research) worked as a Registered Nurse for more than two decades internationally in England, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia and Australia, where she worked as a Case Manager in Community Mental Health Rehabilitation Program. Since 2001, she focused on nurse education and research into the stigma of mental illness from a cross-cultural perspective. Currently, she teaches Mental Health, Cultural Diversity and Research in the Diploma of Nursing course at Victoria University in Melbourne, Australia, while completing her PhD thesis for examination at Charisma University. The second author, Dr. Michael Ha, FSA, MAAA, CFA, CPA (Australia) FRM, PRM, LLM, is the Founding Director of the MSc Financial Mathematics programme at Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University. He was previously Vice President of Strategic Business In-itiatives Units at ING Life Insurance in its Taiwan operation. Ninety percent of his students are enrolled in the Financial Mathematics programme. They learn not only mathematics and statistics theories but also their applications in the Finance and Investment areas, especially Portfolio Con-struction and Financial Risk Management. Creating a real-world Finance work environment in university lecture-halls embracing theories and practice, Dr. Ha strongly believes the PBL method can be employed in the Financial Mathematics training agenda so students can be better-prepared for work. Students are no longer instructed-learners but active thinkers and problem-solvers. Conclusion: Educators in fields such as Medical, Nursing, Engineering, Financial Mathematics, Ac-counting, Computing, etc., need to be prepared to change their teaching philosophy from didactic to problem solving for PBL to be implemented. Constructive alignment is recommended for curri-culum reform.

Integrating a flipped classroom and problem-based learning into ophthalmology education

Background: Ophthalmology is an important medical science subject, but it is given with insufficient attention in undergraduate medical education. Flipped classroom(FC) and problem-based learning(PBL) are well-known education methods that can be integrated into ophthalmology education to improve students' competence level and promote active learning. Methods: We used a mixed teaching methodology that integrated a FC and PBL into a 1-week ophthalmology clerkship for 72 fourth-year medical students. The course includes two major sessions: FC session and PBL session, relying on clinical and real-patient cases. Written examinations were set up to assess students' academic performance and questionnaires were designed to evaluate their perceptions. Results: The post-course examination results were higher than the pre-course results, and many students gained ophthalmic knowledge and learning skills to varying levels. Comparison of pre-and post-course questionnaires indicated that interests in ophthalmology increased and more students expressed desires to be eye doctors. Most students were satisfied with the new method, while some suggested the process should be slower and the communication with their teacher needed to strengthen.Conclusions: FC and PBL are complementary methodologies. Utilizing the mixed teaching meth of FC and PBL was successful in enhancing academic performance, student satisfactions and promoting active learning.

Exploring the Application Effect of Flipped Classroom Combined with Problem-Based Learning Teaching Method in Clinical Skills Teaching of Standardized Training for Resident Doctors of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective: To explore the application effect of flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method in clinical skills teaching of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods: The study used the experimental control method. The study lasted from September to November 2022. The subjects of this study were 49 students of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine from grades 2020, 2021 and 2022 of Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital. They were randomly divided into experiment group (25) and control group (24). The experiment group adopted flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method, and the control group adopted traditional teaching method. The teaching content was 4 basic clinical skill projects, including four diagnoses of traditional Chinese Medicine, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, dressing change procedure, acupuncture and massage. The evaluation method was carried out by comparing the students’ performance and a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the students’ evaluation of the teaching method. Results: The test scores of total scores in the experimental group (90.12 ± 5.89) were all higher than those in the control group (81.47 ± 7.96) (t = 4.53, P P Conclusions: The teaching process of the flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method is conducive to improving the efficiency of classroom teaching, cultivating students’ self-learning ability, and enhancing students’ willingness to learn.

An innovative approach of using online problem‑based learning and case‑based learning in teaching disaster nursing during the COVID‑19 pandemic

Objective:The objective of this study is to evaluate the learning experience effect of online problem‑based learning(PBL)and case‑based learning(CBL)in teaching disaster nursing.Methods:According to the characteristics of online PBL and CBL,the revised curriculum experience questionnaire(CEQ)was used to evaluate the teaching quality.Cronbach’s coefficient and the reliability of the split‑half reliability questionnaire were calculated.The exploratory factor analysis of 26 items was carried out by principal component analysis and maximum variance rotation method.Kaiser‑Meyer‑Olkin(KMO)and Bartlett’s tests were used to test the validity of the questionnaire.The comparison between groups was performed by one‑way analysis of variance.Results:A total of 191 questionnaires were issued and 183 copies were recovered,with a recovery rate of 95.8%.The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of CEQ is 0.929,and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each dimension is between 0.713 and 0.924.After factor analysis,the KMO value was 0.817.The 26 items finally returned to 6 principal components,and all factor load values were above 0.7,indicating good factor analysis effect.This study found that students who learned disaster nursing had an ideal online learning experience,and the average value of CEQ was 3.74±0.42.In particular,male students,senior students or medical students had a higher curriculum experience score.In addition,compared with the national recruitment,the international students have higher curriculum experience score on the dimension of Appropriate Assessment Scale,indicating that the international students are more inclined to use online PBL and CBL.Conclusions:Using the revised CEQ is an innovative approach to evaluate the effect of online PBL and CBL in teaching disaster nursing,which can improve students’experience and curriculum quality.

Problem-Based Learning of Drug Use and Abuse during COVID-19 Contingency

Introduction: Nursing students’ experiences during the pandemic provoked social isolation, the way to learn and every context increasing their stress and anxiety leading to drug use and abuse, among others. Problem-based learning (PBL) is a pedagogic strategy to strengthen significant learning;then the objective was to establish PBL influence in nursing students’ experiences on drug use and abuse during COVID-19 contingency. Methods: Qualitative, phenomenological and descriptive paradigm, 12 female and male nursing students aged 20 - 24 years old from the 5th and 6th semesters participated. Information collection was through semi-structured interview and a deep one in four cases. A guide of questions about: How the pandemic impacted your life? How did you face it? And what did you learn during this process? Those questions were used. Qualitative data analysis was based on De Souza Minayo, and signed informed consent was obtained from participants. Results: Students’ experiences allowed four categories to emerge, with six sub-categories. Category I. Students’ experiences on drug use and abuse facing the sanitary contingency;Category II. Students’ skills development to identify a problem and design of appropriate solutions;Category III. Developing skills to favor interpersonal relationships;Category IV. Influence of PBL in nursing students’ experiences on drug use and abuse during the COVID-19 contingency. Conclusion: PBL favored analysis and thoughts in nursing students’ experiences on drug use and abuse during the COVID-19 contingency, they worked collaboratively, developed resilience to daily life situations, and implemented stress coping strategies with their significant learning, which diminished their risk behavior.

The problem-based learning integrated with simulation to improve nursing students’ self-efficacy

Introduction: The purposes of this study were to describe the simulation integrated with problem-based learning (SIM-PBL) module to educate the nursing process for clients with hypertension and to evaluate its effectiveness on nursing students’ self-efficacy (SE). Methods: This study was a one group pre- and post-test design. Twenty five students received a 5-hour SIM-PBL program focused on nursing care of clients with hypertension. A newly developed self-report questionnaire was used to assess SE in four areas of the nursing process with a scale of 0 (not at all confident) to 10 (totally confident). The four areas were subjective data assessment, physical examination, prioritizing nursing care and health promotion advices. Results: At baseline, students’ SE ranged from 5.5 ± 1.4 (prioritizing nursing care) to 7.6 ± 1.4 (subjective data assessment). After SIM-PBL education, all areas of nursing process presented statistically significant improvements of SE. The improvements were most noticeable in prioritizing nursing care. Conclusion: The SIM-PBL module was effective in improving the students’ self-efficacy in the nursing process for patients with hypertension. Further studies are recommended in developing SIM-PBL modules for diverse nursing topics and evaluating their effectiveness in various aspects of students’ competency.

Do the Application of Problem-Based Learning on Undergraduate Nursing Students’ Is Effective? A Case Study Review

Objectives: The study’s aims to determine and assess the application of problem-based learning to undergraduate nursing students. Background: Nursing students are the upcoming health care delivery system;according to their standard of learning, it will affect their clinical training. Method: The study design is a case study review, the data was collected using many articles related to problem-based learning collected from E-books and E-journals websites like CINAHEL, Google Scholar, etc. After that, the data was analyzed and evaluated related to the application of problem-based learning on undergraduate nursing students. Result: The result appeared that most of the research proved and supported that the application of problem-based learning is effective for undergraduate nursing students, and students can solve patients’ problems in a better way. Conclusion: In conclusion, problem-based learning is an essential part of the nursing diagnosis process that will increase knowledge, and performance, and merge it with the nursing concepts.

CBL联合PBL教学法在心脏病介入诊治医师培训中的应用价值

目的探讨案例教学法(CBL)联合以问题为基础的教学法(PBL)在心脏病介入诊治医师培训中的应用价值。方法选取2020年3月至2022年3月西安交通大学第一附属医院介入培训基地的60名进修学员,按照教学方法不同将其分为LBL组和CBL+PBL组,各30名。LBL组采用传统的教学模式,CBL+PBL组采用CBL联合PBL的教学模式。比较两组的教学方法认同率、理论考核成绩、介入操作考核成绩。结果CBL+PBL组对于提高学习兴趣、培养临床思维能力、促进介入操作应用和记忆、提高分析和解决问题的能力、培养团队精神的认同率均显著高于LBL组(P<0.05)。CBL+PBL组的基础知识、问诊与查体、辅助检查分析能力、病例分析能力评分及总分均高于LBL组(P<0.05)。CBL+PBL组的血管穿刺及压迫、DSA机器操作、介入诊疗操作、术后观察及并发症处理评分及总分均高于LBL组(P<0.01)。结论CBL+PBL教学法在心脏病介入培训中能更好地调动学员的主观能动性,进而达到显著的教学效果。

临床药学专业抗感染PBL案例库的建设与探索

抗菌药物合理使用已成为临床药学实践教学的重要内容之一。传统的教学方式存在局限性,往往不能有效提升学生在实际临床工作中抗菌药物合理使用的能力。为解决这一问题,笔者研究了以以问题为基础的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)为基础的案例库建设在抗菌药物合理使用教学中的应用;探讨了PBL案例库在抗菌药物合理使用教学中的重要意义和实用性。它不仅能激发学生的主动学习兴趣,还有助于培养其跨学科团队合作和临床决策能力。文章还明确了PBL案例库编写的基本原则、方法以及案例的结构和内容,以确保建设案例库的可行性。本研究在临床药学专业硕士研究生教育中的实践证明,该方法适用于现代教学模式,有望显著提高抗菌药物合理使用教学的质量和效果,具有重要的教学和临床实践意义。

PBL结合微视频及病例导入式教学在口腔内科教学中的应用

目的探究以问题为基础的教学方法(PBL)结合微视频及病例导入式教学模式在口腔内科临床带教中的应用效果。方法选取2020年1月进入河南省人民医院口腔内科的40名口腔医学本科实习生,随机分为对照组(20例,接受PBL教学模式)和观察组(20例,接受PBL结合微视频及病例导入式教学模式),并进行为期3个月的带教实习。实习结束后以课程内容测验与自填问卷两种方式对教学效果进行评价,采用SPSS 20.0软件对结果进行统计分析。结果观察组理论、操作考试评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组独立思考能力、问题分析与解决能力、学生的学习兴趣以及对教学模式、课程效果的满意度均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组利物浦医生沟通能力评价量表各方面评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论将微视频及病例导入与PBL法相结合的教学模式能使口腔内科实习生的理论知识与实践技能得到较大提升,并能有效提高实习生的教学满意度与医患沟通能力。

PBL联合CBL教学模式在心律失常心电图教学的应用

目的 探讨以问题式教学法(PBL)联合以案例式教学法(CBL)在进修学员心律失常心电图教学中应用及效果。方法 选取2022年2月7日至2023年1月20日于解放军总医院进修的78名学员为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为观察组(n=39)和对照组(n=39),观察组应用PBL联合CBL教学法,对照组采用传统授课教学法(LBL),比较两组心电图理论成绩、心电图判读成绩及教学模式认可度。结果 观察组心电图理论知识成绩和心电图判读成绩均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);观察组学员在激发学习兴趣、增强自主学习意识、提高分析问题能力、提高解决问题能力、利于知识掌握、利于师生互动、对教学满意方面均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。其中,两组在利于知识掌握方面差异最为显著。结论 在心律失常心电图教学中,PBL联合CBL教学法能更好地提高进修学员的理论实践成绩及教学认可度,可在教学中进行应用。

联合PBL和iSIM情景模拟教学在产儿团体合作培训中的应用

目的将基于问题的学习(problem based learning,PBL)联合优化情景模拟教学模式(improving simulation instructional methods,iSIM)应用于产儿科团队合作培训,探讨该教学模式在产儿科对临床医学本科实习医师的团队合作能力、新生儿急救实践技能和学生对教学模式的满意度的影响。方法将2022年7月—2023年6月在中山市人民医院产科和新生儿科轮转的四年级实习医师共72人,按工号末位奇偶数随机分为试验组(n=36)和对照组(n=36)。两组均实行小组教学,每6人为一个小组。所有人员前期均接受产科危重症、新生儿复苏的理论培训。其中,对照组采用传统授课+操作示范的教学模式;试验组采用PBL+iSIM情景模拟教学模式,期间穿插标准家属进行医患沟通,试验组和对照组每1个小组6个实习医师,利用Excel现场随机抽签确定所演练的角色分工。教学结束后比较两组实习医师理论、操作考核成绩、医患沟通能力和学生的满意度,并用团队合作评价工具(CSAT)进行评价,应用统计学方法,分析并评估PBL+iSIM情景模拟教学模式在产儿科团体合作培训与传统的教学模式培训教学效果差异。结果两组实习医师除了理论成绩和个人准备工作项目得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,操作考核成绩、医患沟通能力、学生的满意度以及CSAT评价指标总分和其他项目的组间差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05),结果提示PBL联合iSIM情景模拟教学模式优于传统的教学模式。结论PBL联合iSIM情景模拟教学模式应用在临床本科实习生的产儿科合作项目中有较大的优势,有利于提高临床医学本科实习生对产科和新生儿急救技能的掌握水平,提高教学效果和教学质量。

PBL混合式教学模式在“内科护理学”教学中的应用

为探讨PBL混合式教学模式在内科护理学教学的应用效果,选择104名护理专业学生作为研究对象,分为对照组和观察组。观察组采用基于问题的教学方法(PBL),结合线上线下混合式教学模式,对照组采用传统式教学模式,对比两组的期末成绩和学生自评学习效果。研究发现,观察组学生的期末成绩和对学习效果的认同程度明显高于对照组学生(P<0.05),PBL混合式教学模式有助于提高内科护理学的教学质量和学习效果。

目标教学模式联合PBL教学法在中医耳鼻喉科临床教学中的作用及对其考核成绩的影响分析

目的探析目标教学模式联合问题式学习(Problem-Based Learning,PBL)教学法在中医耳鼻喉科临床教学中的应用价值。方法选取2022年8月—2023年8月福建中医药大学附属第二人民医院耳鼻喉科的52名实习医师为研究对象,依据组间信息均衡可比原则将其分为对照组和观察组,各26名。对照组应用常规教学方法,观察组应用目标教学模式联合PBL教学法,带教结束后对比两组考核成绩、实习医师综合能力以及带教满意度。结果观察组考核成绩、实习医师综合能力各项得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。观察组激发学习兴趣、加深对课程的掌握程度以及对教学模式认同等5个方面评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论目标教学模式联合PBL教学法对中医耳鼻喉科实习医师考核成绩、综合能力和带教满意度提升均可产生积极影响。

OBE理念联合PBL教学法在肿瘤学研究生培养中的效果分析

目的:比较OBE理念联合PBL教学法与传统教学法在肿瘤学研究生培养中的效果。方法:随机选取昆明医科大学在读肿瘤学专业研究生60人,将其分两组,每组30人,分别是OBE理念联合PBL教学法的联合组和传统组。比较两组在考试成绩、自主学习能力、自我效能感方面的差异。结果:传统组的理论考试平均成绩(80.63±6.44)分低于联合组(86.87±5.78)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组自主学习能力、自我效能感明显优于传统组(P<0.05)。结论:与传统教学法相比,OBE理念联合PBL教学法模式能够提高肿瘤学研究生的学习成绩,提高学习的主动性。

PBL模式在超声诊断心脏病教学中的应用

目的探讨在心脏病超声教学实践中引入以问题为基础的教学法(PBL)的应用效果。方法选择2018级郑州大学医学影像专业62名本科生作为研究对象,随机分为试验组(31名)和对照组(31名)。试验组接受PBL教学模式,对照组沿用传统教学方法。授课结束后对两组学生进行基础理论、病例分析及问卷调查考核。采用SPSS 22.0软件统计分析数据。结果试验组学生的基础理论和病例分析成绩高于对照组,试验组课堂氛围更好,学生对心脏超声诊断表现出更大的兴趣和更高的满意度,具有更强的掌握知识和解决问题的能力,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PBL教学模式较传统教学模式而言更能调动本科生的积极性,提高超声诊断心脏病的教学质量和学生的满意度。

耳鼻咽喉头颈外科临床教学中采用PBL结合CBL方法的价值及对学生学习能力的影响

目的探析问题式学习(PBL)结合案例式教学(CBL)方法应用在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科临床教学中的效果。方法选取2019年8月至2021年8月苏州大学附属第二医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科实习生54名配合研究,依据随机数表法分为两组,每组各27名。对照组采用传统教学方法,观察组采用PBL结合CBL方法。比较两组学生学习能力、教学满意度及考核成绩。结果教学前,两组学生学习能力评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),教学后,观察组学生学习能力评分包括实践解决能力、组织管理能力、科研能力评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组学生教学满意度及考核成绩高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。教学后,观察组学生评判性思维能力评分为(295.58±22.23)分,显著高于对照组的(280.29±18.32)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论耳鼻咽喉头颈外科临床教学中采用PBL结合CBL方法可提升教学效果,学生学习能力明显提升,且对教学内容十分满意,学生考核成绩明显升高,临床上可借鉴及推广。