Based on an analysis of current English writing and teaching conditions in vocational institutes,it is proposed that the methods used to teach English writing should be changed to a process oriented approach.In the pl...Based on an analysis of current English writing and teaching conditions in vocational institutes,it is proposed that the methods used to teach English writing should be changed to a process oriented approach.In the planning,drafting,revising,and post-writing stages,students are fully involved in the process of monitoring their own and the written works of others through a series of cooperative activities among the students and guiding activities directed by the teacher.As a result,in the process of cooperative discussions aimed at identifying and resolving problems,their writing habits will be improved,their interest in English writing will be stimulated,and their research and writing skills will be further developed.展开更多
Objective To investigate the feasibility and surgical effects of posterior articular process approach for the treatment of L1-L3 lumbar disc herniation.Methods A retrospective study,of17patients with upper lumbar inte...Objective To investigate the feasibility and surgical effects of posterior articular process approach for the treatment of L1-L3 lumbar disc herniation.Methods A retrospective study,of17patients with upper lumbar intervertebml disc展开更多
Sustainable building in China has gained attention both domestically and abroad. Despite the fast increase in sustainable assessment tools developed locally or adopted from overseas, there are still criticisms about t...Sustainable building in China has gained attention both domestically and abroad. Despite the fast increase in sustainable assessment tools developed locally or adopted from overseas, there are still criticisms about the current situation of weak implementation and lack of comprehensive consideration. The lack of consideration of economic and social aspects or building performance on whole building life cycle all lead to departure from the true meaning of sustainable development. And lack of participation on the part of stakeholders makes it too theoretical to be carried out. This research aims to develop a model to address this problem. This research started with review of current sustainable assessment tools applied in China. As the assessment indicators have clear regional disparities, and almost no current tool considers all three pillars of environmental, economic and social in building life cycle. An industry survey was therefore designed for generation of indicators at different building stages, and personal interviews relevant to different occupation in building industry were conducted to complement the questionnaire survey. After that, the model Building Sustainable Score (BSS) was developed based on the stakeholders’ participation. Finally, the model is verified by a case study.展开更多
This study sets out to conduct the effectiveness of process-oriented approach on the ESL writing teaching for non-Eng-lish majors in Yunnan Agricultural University(YAU),with the aim of enhancing the students' Engl...This study sets out to conduct the effectiveness of process-oriented approach on the ESL writing teaching for non-Eng-lish majors in Yunnan Agricultural University(YAU),with the aim of enhancing the students' English writing proficiency andscores.120 non-English major sophomores and 10 English teachers from YAU are involved in it.With the results of questionnaire,interview and the composition scores of the target students,the findings indicate that the students have a positive attitude towardsprocess-oriented writing approach and it can help them write better and make the writing class more interesting.展开更多
IntroductionIn China.the method for teaching writing for science students is always regarded as most difficult.Howto teach writing and to comment on or mark students’writing are frequently discussed topics.In thispap...IntroductionIn China.the method for teaching writing for science students is always regarded as most difficult.Howto teach writing and to comment on or mark students’writing are frequently discussed topics.In thispaper.I will report on what I have done in my writing class.Process ApproachThe‘process approach’to writing is not a new approach:it has been around since the early 1970s.It isalso called a‘multiple drafts process’and consists of generating ideas(pre-writing/input):writing a firstdraft with an emphasis on content(to‘discover’meaning/author’s ideas):writing second and third(andpossibly more)drafts to revise ideas and ways to communicate of these ideas.展开更多
Mini-saga, a brand-new writing genre, is a short story with exactly 50 words, which can be instructed with process genre approach in Chinese college EFL writing classes. Process genre approach emphasizes both the know...Mini-saga, a brand-new writing genre, is a short story with exactly 50 words, which can be instructed with process genre approach in Chinese college EFL writing classes. Process genre approach emphasizes both the knowledge of context, especially the purpose for writing and skills in using language. Guided by the approach, students need to consider how to achieve certain social purposes in context with appropriate language and structure while composing mini-sagas. Detailed instruction procedures can be designed to instruct students to work out mini-sagas, which can arouse their interest and motivation in English writing, encourage their writing innovation and originality, develop their writing skills, and dig their writing potentials.展开更多
Drawn upon Dornyei' s motivational study,this paper aims to explore the implications that process-oriented approach may bring and tries to shed light on some applications in Chinese EFL teaching context.
Currently,English writing is still an important and challenging course for most students in English.In China,the effect of Product-oriented approaches is dominated.Such practice seems to have ignored cognitive factors...Currently,English writing is still an important and challenging course for most students in English.In China,the effect of Product-oriented approaches is dominated.Such practice seems to have ignored cognitive factors of writing process.So it is necessary to choose some new ways to perfect our English writing teaching.In this paper the application of a new approach——process-oriented approach will be discussed.By using this approach,the students can develop some behaviors such as composing,brainstorming,drafting,and revising.展开更多
English writing is gaining high attention and emphasis in our college syllabus. It is a complicated process of written communication. In the process, the four basic skills—speaking, reading, listening and writing are...English writing is gaining high attention and emphasis in our college syllabus. It is a complicated process of written communication. In the process, the four basic skills—speaking, reading, listening and writing are organically integrated together. This paper is about the process-based approach in English writing class and its aim to emphasize the importance of process-based approach to writing. There are four parts in this paper. I start with a brief introduction to the importance of writing. Next, I will introduce my practice in English writing class. Then I will comment on the process approach and then make a little revision.展开更多
Recently,there has been growing attention on English teaching and learning in China.Writing plays a large part in theimprovement of English learning.Raimes(1983:6)suggests that a variety of approaches to the teaching ...Recently,there has been growing attention on English teaching and learning in China.Writing plays a large part in theimprovement of English learning.Raimes(1983:6)suggests that a variety of approaches to the teaching of writing have been devel-oped in accordance with how teachers think writing is learned.Although,Badger and White(2000)claims that product,process,and genre approaches to writing haves their strengths and weaknesses and the three approaches are complementary.Consideringthe specific situation of English writing teaching and learning in China,the employment of process approach into senior Englishcourse book design will be appropriate for development of high school students’writing.High school students in China rely a lot onteachers’guidance and treat writing as a task in isolation.Process approach,which concerns more of how ideas are developed dur-ing process of writing,is beneficial for students in terms of fostering independent thinking ability and making full use of writing as avaluable learning tool.展开更多
As one of the most notable writing teaching methods, process approach in writing teaching has been recognized the important impetus for the emerging field of composition research. This paper is an overview of process ...As one of the most notable writing teaching methods, process approach in writing teaching has been recognized the important impetus for the emerging field of composition research. This paper is an overview of process writing from four aspects:background, writing steps, advantages and criticisms.展开更多
Based on its theoretical foundation of psychology,linguistics and pedagogy,cognitive approach aims to develop the practical and comprehensive ability of employing foreign language.Viewed as a complex process,writing c...Based on its theoretical foundation of psychology,linguistics and pedagogy,cognitive approach aims to develop the practical and comprehensive ability of employing foreign language.Viewed as a complex process,writing can be regarded as a cognitive activity which focuses on the process of writing rather than its final product.This paper intends to discuss the effects of cognitive approach on English writing.展开更多
There are several software process models that have been proposed and are based on task involved in developing and maintaining software product. The large number of software projects not meeting their expectation in t...There are several software process models that have been proposed and are based on task involved in developing and maintaining software product. The large number of software projects not meeting their expectation in terms of functionality, cost, delivery schedule and effective project management appears to be lacking. In this paper, we present a new software fusion process model, which depicts the essential phases of a software project from initiate stage until the product is retired. Fusion is component based software process model, where each component implements a problem solving model. This approach reduces the risk associated with cost and time, as these risks will be limited to a component only and ensure the overall quality of software system by considering the changing requirements of customer, risk assessment, identification, evaluation and composition of relative concerns at each phase of development process.展开更多
Eagle’s syndrome is symptomatic of the styloid process (SP) elongation or calcification of the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments. As a result of Eagle’s various studies, 4 out of every 100 patients showed tha...Eagle’s syndrome is symptomatic of the styloid process (SP) elongation or calcification of the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments. As a result of Eagle’s various studies, 4 out of every 100 patients showed that the styloid process was long. However only 4% of these cases are symptomatic [1]. Surgical traumas such as tonsillectomy or stylomandibular chronic irritation of the ligament, proc. of styloideusosteitis, ossifying periosteitis, tendinitis or mucositis why could it be [2]. The main symptoms are facial pain, dysphagia, sore throat, earache and headache. It may be unilateral or bilateral. The styloid process can be shortened through an intraoral or external approach. The case of Eagle syndrome in a 39-year-old female patient who was diagnosed to have bilateral elongated.展开更多
It is important to identify and remove the wastes not only from manufacturing process, but also from nonmanufacturing process. In the last several decades, significant research achievements and practice benefits have ...It is important to identify and remove the wastes not only from manufacturing process, but also from nonmanufacturing process. In the last several decades, significant research achievements and practice benefits have been achieved about removing wastes from manufacturing process. Since the1990 s, some researchers and lean practitioners have paid more attention to removing waste from non-manufacturing process.Based on the authors' research work and industrial practice, the paper introduces a kind of lean approach for removing waste from non-manufacturing process. In its case study, the order handling process in a value chain is described with respect to a factory and its downstream distribution centers(DCs). The paper proposes a lean approach solution for creating the improved order handling process, and analyze how great improvements in performance can be achieved. As a result, the significant achievement has created a win-win scenario for both the nonmanufacturing process in a factory and non-manufacturing facilities(like DCs) across the value chain. It demonstrates that improvements have been made by removing waste from the non-manufacturing process that takes place within a factory as well as with external participants through the whole value chain. Likewise, the proposed lean approach has helped the case companies to achieve greater levels of efficiency and more benefits. Finally, some conclusions are drawn.展开更多
The delayed S-shaped software reliability growth model (SRGM) is one of the non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) models which have been proposed for software reliability assessment. The model is distinctive because ...The delayed S-shaped software reliability growth model (SRGM) is one of the non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) models which have been proposed for software reliability assessment. The model is distinctive because it has a mean value function that reflects the delay in failure reporting: there is a delay between failure detection and reporting time. The model captures error detection, isolation, and removal processes, thus is appropriate for software reliability analysis. Predictive analysis in software testing is useful in modifying, debugging, and determining when to terminate software development testing processes. However, Bayesian predictive analyses on the delayed S-shaped model have not been extensively explored. This paper uses the delayed S-shaped SRGM to address four issues in one-sample prediction associated with the software development testing process. Bayesian approach based on non-informative priors was used to derive explicit solutions for the four issues, and the developed methodologies were illustrated using real data.展开更多
文摘Based on an analysis of current English writing and teaching conditions in vocational institutes,it is proposed that the methods used to teach English writing should be changed to a process oriented approach.In the planning,drafting,revising,and post-writing stages,students are fully involved in the process of monitoring their own and the written works of others through a series of cooperative activities among the students and guiding activities directed by the teacher.As a result,in the process of cooperative discussions aimed at identifying and resolving problems,their writing habits will be improved,their interest in English writing will be stimulated,and their research and writing skills will be further developed.
文摘Objective To investigate the feasibility and surgical effects of posterior articular process approach for the treatment of L1-L3 lumbar disc herniation.Methods A retrospective study,of17patients with upper lumbar intervertebml disc
文摘Sustainable building in China has gained attention both domestically and abroad. Despite the fast increase in sustainable assessment tools developed locally or adopted from overseas, there are still criticisms about the current situation of weak implementation and lack of comprehensive consideration. The lack of consideration of economic and social aspects or building performance on whole building life cycle all lead to departure from the true meaning of sustainable development. And lack of participation on the part of stakeholders makes it too theoretical to be carried out. This research aims to develop a model to address this problem. This research started with review of current sustainable assessment tools applied in China. As the assessment indicators have clear regional disparities, and almost no current tool considers all three pillars of environmental, economic and social in building life cycle. An industry survey was therefore designed for generation of indicators at different building stages, and personal interviews relevant to different occupation in building industry were conducted to complement the questionnaire survey. After that, the model Building Sustainable Score (BSS) was developed based on the stakeholders’ participation. Finally, the model is verified by a case study.
文摘This study sets out to conduct the effectiveness of process-oriented approach on the ESL writing teaching for non-Eng-lish majors in Yunnan Agricultural University(YAU),with the aim of enhancing the students' English writing proficiency andscores.120 non-English major sophomores and 10 English teachers from YAU are involved in it.With the results of questionnaire,interview and the composition scores of the target students,the findings indicate that the students have a positive attitude towardsprocess-oriented writing approach and it can help them write better and make the writing class more interesting.
文摘IntroductionIn China.the method for teaching writing for science students is always regarded as most difficult.Howto teach writing and to comment on or mark students’writing are frequently discussed topics.In thispaper.I will report on what I have done in my writing class.Process ApproachThe‘process approach’to writing is not a new approach:it has been around since the early 1970s.It isalso called a‘multiple drafts process’and consists of generating ideas(pre-writing/input):writing a firstdraft with an emphasis on content(to‘discover’meaning/author’s ideas):writing second and third(andpossibly more)drafts to revise ideas and ways to communicate of these ideas.
文摘Mini-saga, a brand-new writing genre, is a short story with exactly 50 words, which can be instructed with process genre approach in Chinese college EFL writing classes. Process genre approach emphasizes both the knowledge of context, especially the purpose for writing and skills in using language. Guided by the approach, students need to consider how to achieve certain social purposes in context with appropriate language and structure while composing mini-sagas. Detailed instruction procedures can be designed to instruct students to work out mini-sagas, which can arouse their interest and motivation in English writing, encourage their writing innovation and originality, develop their writing skills, and dig their writing potentials.
文摘Drawn upon Dornyei' s motivational study,this paper aims to explore the implications that process-oriented approach may bring and tries to shed light on some applications in Chinese EFL teaching context.
文摘Currently,English writing is still an important and challenging course for most students in English.In China,the effect of Product-oriented approaches is dominated.Such practice seems to have ignored cognitive factors of writing process.So it is necessary to choose some new ways to perfect our English writing teaching.In this paper the application of a new approach——process-oriented approach will be discussed.By using this approach,the students can develop some behaviors such as composing,brainstorming,drafting,and revising.
文摘English writing is gaining high attention and emphasis in our college syllabus. It is a complicated process of written communication. In the process, the four basic skills—speaking, reading, listening and writing are organically integrated together. This paper is about the process-based approach in English writing class and its aim to emphasize the importance of process-based approach to writing. There are four parts in this paper. I start with a brief introduction to the importance of writing. Next, I will introduce my practice in English writing class. Then I will comment on the process approach and then make a little revision.
文摘Recently,there has been growing attention on English teaching and learning in China.Writing plays a large part in theimprovement of English learning.Raimes(1983:6)suggests that a variety of approaches to the teaching of writing have been devel-oped in accordance with how teachers think writing is learned.Although,Badger and White(2000)claims that product,process,and genre approaches to writing haves their strengths and weaknesses and the three approaches are complementary.Consideringthe specific situation of English writing teaching and learning in China,the employment of process approach into senior Englishcourse book design will be appropriate for development of high school students’writing.High school students in China rely a lot onteachers’guidance and treat writing as a task in isolation.Process approach,which concerns more of how ideas are developed dur-ing process of writing,is beneficial for students in terms of fostering independent thinking ability and making full use of writing as avaluable learning tool.
文摘As one of the most notable writing teaching methods, process approach in writing teaching has been recognized the important impetus for the emerging field of composition research. This paper is an overview of process writing from four aspects:background, writing steps, advantages and criticisms.
文摘Based on its theoretical foundation of psychology,linguistics and pedagogy,cognitive approach aims to develop the practical and comprehensive ability of employing foreign language.Viewed as a complex process,writing can be regarded as a cognitive activity which focuses on the process of writing rather than its final product.This paper intends to discuss the effects of cognitive approach on English writing.
文摘There are several software process models that have been proposed and are based on task involved in developing and maintaining software product. The large number of software projects not meeting their expectation in terms of functionality, cost, delivery schedule and effective project management appears to be lacking. In this paper, we present a new software fusion process model, which depicts the essential phases of a software project from initiate stage until the product is retired. Fusion is component based software process model, where each component implements a problem solving model. This approach reduces the risk associated with cost and time, as these risks will be limited to a component only and ensure the overall quality of software system by considering the changing requirements of customer, risk assessment, identification, evaluation and composition of relative concerns at each phase of development process.
文摘Eagle’s syndrome is symptomatic of the styloid process (SP) elongation or calcification of the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments. As a result of Eagle’s various studies, 4 out of every 100 patients showed that the styloid process was long. However only 4% of these cases are symptomatic [1]. Surgical traumas such as tonsillectomy or stylomandibular chronic irritation of the ligament, proc. of styloideusosteitis, ossifying periosteitis, tendinitis or mucositis why could it be [2]. The main symptoms are facial pain, dysphagia, sore throat, earache and headache. It may be unilateral or bilateral. The styloid process can be shortened through an intraoral or external approach. The case of Eagle syndrome in a 39-year-old female patient who was diagnosed to have bilateral elongated.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61773381,61773382,61533019,91520301)Finnish TEKES’s Project "SoMa2020:Social Manufacturing" (211560)+1 种基金Chinese Guangdong’s S&T Project (2015B010103001,2016B090910001,2017B090912001)Dongguan’s Innovation Talents Project (Gang Xiong)
文摘It is important to identify and remove the wastes not only from manufacturing process, but also from nonmanufacturing process. In the last several decades, significant research achievements and practice benefits have been achieved about removing wastes from manufacturing process. Since the1990 s, some researchers and lean practitioners have paid more attention to removing waste from non-manufacturing process.Based on the authors' research work and industrial practice, the paper introduces a kind of lean approach for removing waste from non-manufacturing process. In its case study, the order handling process in a value chain is described with respect to a factory and its downstream distribution centers(DCs). The paper proposes a lean approach solution for creating the improved order handling process, and analyze how great improvements in performance can be achieved. As a result, the significant achievement has created a win-win scenario for both the nonmanufacturing process in a factory and non-manufacturing facilities(like DCs) across the value chain. It demonstrates that improvements have been made by removing waste from the non-manufacturing process that takes place within a factory as well as with external participants through the whole value chain. Likewise, the proposed lean approach has helped the case companies to achieve greater levels of efficiency and more benefits. Finally, some conclusions are drawn.
文摘The delayed S-shaped software reliability growth model (SRGM) is one of the non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) models which have been proposed for software reliability assessment. The model is distinctive because it has a mean value function that reflects the delay in failure reporting: there is a delay between failure detection and reporting time. The model captures error detection, isolation, and removal processes, thus is appropriate for software reliability analysis. Predictive analysis in software testing is useful in modifying, debugging, and determining when to terminate software development testing processes. However, Bayesian predictive analyses on the delayed S-shaped model have not been extensively explored. This paper uses the delayed S-shaped SRGM to address four issues in one-sample prediction associated with the software development testing process. Bayesian approach based on non-informative priors was used to derive explicit solutions for the four issues, and the developed methodologies were illustrated using real data.
