A Study on Numerical Simulation of Core-Shooting Process

In order to evaluate the main factors influencing the core-shooting process and to optimize the design of core boxes, the fluid-particle (air-sand) model has been built based on the two-phase flow theory. The fluid phase, air, and the particulate phase, sand granules, have been treated as a continuum. By using this model, it is possible to simulate the flow and compaction behavior of sand particles during the core-shooting process. To benchmark the calculated results, the shooting process has been recorded with a digital high speed camera, and the inlet condition of sand particles has also been achieved by using the camera. The preliminary results have showed that the calculation is in agreement with the testing results.

Study of Commercial Wheat Flour Milling Process:Relation of Flour Yield,Ash and Protein Contents of Flour Mill and Characteristics of Wheat Blend

The profit margin in the flour milling industry is quite narrow,so high-quality raw materials and efficiency of milling operations are crucial for every company. Many flour mills,especially those which import wheat from other countries and have limited storage space for the different varieties or classes of wheat,can not afford to buy low quality wheat. Consequently,a mathematical model which can test the impact and interactions of raw materials,in technical point of view,would be a useful decision-making tool for the milling industry. A flour miller tests wheat for physical and chemical characteristics,cleanness and soundness. The miller also performs experimental milling,if available,to have some idea how the given wheat will behave during commercial milling. Based on these test results,the miller can only guess the commercial milling results such as flour yields and flour ash and protein contents. Thus,the objective of this study was to develop empirical equations to estimate commercial milling results,using the physical,chemical and experimental milling data of the given wheat blend and also,additionally,flour ash and protein specifications of the end-user. This was done by using the actual commercial milling procedures and their wheat physical,chemical,experimental milling data,and other vital data. Data were collected from a commercial mill located in East Asia that had four production lines and used wheat blend combinations from five different wheat classes,i.e. Hard Red Winter (HRW),Dark Northern Spring (DNS),Soft White (SW),Australian Soft (AS),and Australian Standard White (ASW) wheat to produce over 40 different products. The wheat physical and chemical characteristics included test weight,thousand kernel weight,ash and protein contents. The experimental milling data were straight-grade and patent flour yields,along with patent flour ash and protein contents from a Buhler experimental mill. The commercial milling results included the flour yields of patent,first clear,and second clear flours,as well as the ash and protein contents of commercial patent flours. Using multiple linear regression procedures,we have developed empirical equations to be able to estimate the commercial patent flour yields with R2 values above 0.90 for all four production lines,and commercial first clear flour yields with R2 values ranging 0.76 to 0.98,and the commercial patent flour protein contents with R2 values of 0.89 to 0.92. However,the yields of commercial second clear flours and the commercial patent flour ash contents were not able to be estimated with high coefficients of determination (R2 values). We recommend that the empirical equations for estimating commercial milling parameters should be derived using data from each individual flour milling company,for each production line of a given mill,and furthermore,tailored to specific products at a given ash and/or protein contents desired by end-users.

Ab Initio Study of Single-and Double-Electron Capture Processes in Collisions of He^(2+) Ions and Ne Atoms

The single-and double-electron capture(SEC, DEC) processes of He^(2+) ions colliding with Ne atoms are studied by utilizing the full quantum-mechanical molecular-orbital close-coupling method. Total and state-selective SEC and DEC cross sections are presented in the energy region of 2 eV/u to 20 keV/u. Results show that the dominant reaction channel is Ne^(+)(2s2p^(6) ^(2)S) + He^(+)(1s) in the considered energy region due to strong couplings with the initial state Ne(2s^(2)2p^(6)^(1)S) + He^(2+) around the internuclear distance of 4.6 a.u. In our calculations, the SEC cross sections decrease initially and then increase whereby, the minimum point is around 0.38 keV/u with the increase of collision energies. After considering the effects of the electron translation factor(ETF), the SEC cross sections are increased by 15%–25% nearby the energy region of keV/u and agree better with the available results. The DEC cross sections are smaller than those of SEC because of the larger energy gaps and no strong couplings with the initial state. Due to the Demkov-type couplings between DEC channel Ne^(2+)(2s^(2)2p^(4)^(1)S) + He(1s^(2)) and the dominating SEC channel Ne^(+)(2s2p^(6) ^(2)S) + He^(+)(1s), the DEC cross sections increase with increasing impact energies. Good consistency can also be found between the present DEC and the experimental measurements in the overlapping energy region.

Study of the Mineralization Process of granular apatites in Weng'an Baidou Phosphate Deposit Using Microbeam Analyses

1 Introduction Studies of marine sedimentary phosphate rock have lasted decades,scholars proposed some standpoints about mineralization,however,the genesis of mineral deposits remains to be a controversial question(She et al.,2013).There are many viewpoints of mineralization about the Doushantuo phosphorites,Central Guizhou,including biological mineralization(Mi et al.,2010;Shi et al.,2005),

苯教因明学文献与研学制度评介

Logic in Bon Religion is one of the important elements in the Logic popular in Tibet.This article based on a discussion of the development of Logic and the important literatures of Bon Religion,the process of and time phases of studying Logic of Bon Religion,describes four important characteristics of Logic of Bon Religion.Namely,there are similarities and differences between the Logic of Buddhism and that of Bon Religion first of all.Secondly,Logic of Bon Religion bears an invaluable tradition of traditional Tibetan culture regardless from the perspective of Logic,Philosophy,the literary works conducted by the respective scholars.Thirdly,like the other sciences,the development of Logic of Bon Religion experienced a process of from uncomplete to completion,from an independent subject to a science with various disciplines.Fourthly,Logic of Bon Religion is an academic field with a strong validity.