Metallurgical Reaction Characteristic for the Combined Blowing Process of Top-Bottom Blown Oxygen and Bottom Blown Natural Gas

The experiment was carried out in a combined blowing converter.The natural gas was supplied as the cooling medium for the bottom lance.The blow- ing practice of medium P hot metal (0.30-0.85% [P]) indicated that with better stirring at the bottom of the converter and lower P_(CO),this steelmgking process was favorable to reduce the amount of [C] and [O] and increase the (P_2O_5)/[P]. The maximum rate of dephospborization might be high up to 0.0a5%/min and the P content in steel could be reduced to lower than 0.03% by single slag-forming operation.

Pressure stimulated current in progressive failure process of combined coal-rock under uniaxial compression:Response and mechanism

Effective monitoring of the structural health of combined coal-rock under complex geological conditions by pressure stimulated currents(PSCs)has great potential for the understanding of dynamic disasters in underground engineering.To reveal the effect of this way,the uniaxial compression experiments with PSC monitoring were conducted on three types of coal-rock combination samples with different strength combinations.The mechanism explanation of PSCs are investigated by resistivity test,atomic force microscopy(AFM)and computed tomography(CT)methods,and a PSC flow model based on progressive failure process is proposed.The influence of strength combinations on PSCs in the progressive failure process are emphasized.The results show the PSC responses between rock part,coal part and the two components are different,which are affected by multi-scale fracture characteristics and electrical properties.As the rock strength decreases,the progressive failure process changes obviously with the influence range of interface constraint effect decreasing,resulting in the different responses of PSC strength and direction in different parts to fracture behaviors.The PSC flow model is initially validated by the relationship between the accumulated charges of different parts.The results are expected to provide a new reference and method for mining design and roadway quality assessment.

Methodological Framework for a Multi-Scale Study on Hydrological Processes and Soil Erosion in Subtropical Southeast China

This paper introduces and illustrates the concepts of geoecological process combinations and geographical or landscape dimensions by outlining the methodology of a Sino-German cooperative project in Southeast China and presents the first results of the modelling process for the catchment scale. The project equipped a catchment in subtropical Southeast China from plot scale to catchment scale in order to study the hydrological and soil erosion processes. Distinct spatial differences in principal water and soil material fluxes were quantified. Deep drainage peaks occurred in May, June and July and even in August and November. Measurements in erosion plots as well as sedimentary deposits revealed that there was soil erosion connected with overland flow. Consistent with the results from the regular catenary variations of soil colors, textural stratification and hydrograph analysis, there was also a clear indication of interflow from measured soil moisture data. The experimental set up has the potential to further deepen the understanding of small-scale processes involved in lateral water fluxes and soil erosion. The expected results and interpretations will lead to a further integration of the collected data. In the future, to understand matter transfer in and between landscape ecological units, agricultural influence on nutrient status and flux data will be incorporated.

Current situation and consideration of small splint in the treatment of distal radius fracture complicated with ulnar styloid process fracture

Objective:The incidence of distal radius fracture combined with ulnar styloid process fracture is increasing,which seriously affects the quality of life of patients.Small splint therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine is a reliable method for the treatment of such fractures.It not only has good clinical efficacy,but also has fewer complications and high safety.However,the traditional small splint fixation does not cover the styloid process of the ulna,and the fracture of the styloid process of the ulna is closely related to the stability of the wrist joint,which has an important impact on the prognosis of the fracture.Based on this,we believe that the ulnar elongation splint can better improve the wrist function,and further prospects for related issues,in order to guide clinical practice.

Effects of Combined Instantaneous High-Pressure and MediumTemperature on the Retention of Total Vitamin Cin Wax Gourd Juices

Based on the instantaneous high-pressure(IHP)produced by high-pressure single pole-cylinder pump, the effects of combining this pressure with medium temperature on the retention of total vitamin C(Vc)in wax gourd juices were investigated under 20 - 80 MPa, 35 - 58℃, pH 3. 0 - 6. 0 and processing time 0-8 min. Results showed that the loss of Vc increased with elevated processing temperatures(50 MPa, 4 min). When the temperature of raw juices was 35℃, the retention of total Vc was higher under 40 - 60 MPa than that under the pressure < 40 MPa or > 60 MPa, and it was up to 94%(4 min). The retention of total Vc decreases slowly within 6 min, but rapidly after 6 min. The pH can also influence the retention of total Vc, and this retention can come to a highest point at pH 6.0.

Pollutants removal and simulation model of combined membrane process for wastewater treatment and reuse in submarine cabin for long voyage

A laboratory scale test was conducted in a combined membrane process （CMP） with a capacity of 2.91 m3/d for 240 d to treat the mixed wastewater of humidity condensate, hygiene wastewater and urine in submarine cabin during prolonged voyage. Removal performance of chemical oxygen demand （COD）, ammonia nitrogen （NH4^＋-N）, turbidity and anionic surfactants （LAS） was investigated under different conditions. It was observed that the effluent COD, NH4^＋-N, turbidity and LAS flocculated in ranges of 0.19-0.85 mg/L, 0.03-0.18 mg/L, 0.0-0.15 NTU and 0.0-0.05 mg/L, respectively in spite of considerable fluctuation in corresponding influent of 2120-5350 mg/L, 79.5-129.3 mg/L, 110-181.1NTU and 4.9-5.4 mg/L. The effluent quality of the CMP could meet the requirements of mechanical water and hygiene water according to the class I water quality standards in China （GB3838-2002）. The removal rates of COD, NH4^＋-N, turbidity and LAS removed in the MBR were more than 90%, which indicated that biodegradation is indispensable and plays a major role in the wastewater treatment and reuse. A model, built on the back propagation neural network （BPNN） theory, was developed for the simulation of CMP and produced high reliability. The average error of COD and NH4^＋-N was 5.14% and 6.20%, respectively, and the root mean squared error of turbidity and LAS was 2.76% and 1.41%, respectively. The results indicated that the model well fitted the laboratory data, and was able to simulate the removal of COD, NH4^＋-N, turbidity and LAS. It also suggested that the model proposed could reflect and manage the operation of CMP for the treatment of the mixed wastewaters in submarine.

GIS Based Landslide Susceptibility Mapping with Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process in District Ghizer, Gilgit Baltistan Pakistan

District Ghizer is a rugged mountainous territory which experiences several landslides each year. There are 16 major landslide areas and 53 villages that are at high risk to hazards. Keeping in view the severity of natural hazards, the present study was designed to generate landslide susceptibility map based on twelve causative factors viz., slope, aspect, elevation, drainage network, Stream Power Index (SPI), Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), lithological units, fault lines, rainfall, road network, land cover and soil texture. Soil texture was determined by particle size analysis and data for other factors were acquired from freely available sources. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to identify major landslide causative factors in the district Ghizer. Further, a temporal assessment from 1999 till 2015 was generated to assess the impact of land cover change on landslides. It indicated that the barren soil/ exposed rocks and glaciers have reduced while the vegetation and water classes have shown increment. The total area that lies in moderate to very high landslide susceptible zones was 74.38%, while slope is the main landslide causative factor in the district Ghizer. Validation of the susceptibility map showed 88.1% of the landslides in the study area had occurred in the moderate to very high susceptible zones.

The Business of Managing Risk and Network Security:An Exploration of Knowledge Transfer Issues within the Context of Data Security and Countermeasure Trade Offs

The contemporary environment within which command,control,communications,computers and intelligence (C4I platforms exist, have a number of characteristics. These characteristics may be most obviously identified as interconnectivity, international networking, speed of data transfer, the compact nature of electronic information and rapidly changing technology. Information security professionals employ a variety of approaches in order to counter risks within this complex and fluid environment. The gamut of potential security activities ranges form access control through a variety of auditing techniques to secure data communications. This field is broad and well documented. Indeed, the discipline of network risk management and data security is both well developed and sophisticated.This paper addresses twin themes:i.The fundamental issue of the method by which specific approaches are employed. This is a precursor to the adoption of an eventual strategy.ii.The crucial issues revolving around the

Optimization of continuous electrocoagulation-adsorption combined process for the treatment of a textile effluent

The aims of this study is to design and optimize the functioning of a full continuous combined process based on electrocoagulaion-adsorption on crude Tunisian clay to treat a real textile effluent.The clay characterization shows that the used clay is a rich-smectite clay.The response surface methodology(RSM)technique based on Box-Behnken design(BBD)was used to optimize the process.At optimum conditions which are initial pH solution of 8.24,effluent flow rate of 0.5 L·min^(-1),voltage of 70 V,and added suspension of clay flow rate of 100 ml·min^(-1) the achieved color,chemical oxygen demand(COD)and total suspended solid(TSS)removal efficiencies were respectively 96.87%,89.77%and 84.46%with0.75 USD·m^(-3) as total cost.The additional laboratory experiments at optimum conditions agree with the predicted results,which confirm the accuracy and the capability of RSM to predict results in the defined space.Finally the designed process could be a good eco-friendly alternative to treat and reuse wastewater in industrial process with reasonable cost.

NaBH₄Sodalites, Synthesized by Modified Methods: (1) Autothermal Synthesis and (2) Crossover Reaction from Gel to Melt Flow

NaBH4 sodalites were obtained by two new modified methods of crystallization: (1) autothermal synthesis and (2) crystallization with crossover from gel to melt flow in NaOH flux. Syntheses results were presented according to XRD, SEM and FTIR. Besides important features of both synthesis procedures product properties like crystal size and morphology were investigated. Spherical agglomerates of microcrystalline sodalite of composition Na7[AlSiO4]6BH4(H2O)2 were already observed after 4 h without any external heating by the autothermal procedure. Sodalites of the same average composition but in form of agglomerated nanoparticles are crystallized after very short times (2 h 30’) by the crossover reaction from gel to melt flow. Hydrogen release by heating was further studied for two selected samples with comparable composition from each synthesis procedure. Total hydrogen release by hydrolysis reaction with the internal cage water was found during heating of the autothermal product in synthetic air up to 550°C. In contrast hydrogen release from the nanocrystalline sample of crossover synthesis was not completed when heated under the same conditions. These differences were discussed in terms of crystal size and an earlier loss of the internal water from the nanocrystals of the crossover

ANALYSIS OF SURFACE CRACK ON FORWARD EXTRUDING BAR DURING AXISYMMETRIC CUP-BAR COMBINED EXTRUSION PROCESS

In this paper, the kinematically admissible velocity field with surface crack on forward extruding bar is put forward during the axisymmetric cup-bar combined extrusion process, in accordance with the results of model experiments.On the basis of velocity field, the necessary condition for surface crack formation on the forward extruding bar is derived, with the help of upper bound theorem and the minimum energy principle. Meanwhile, the relationships between surface crack formation and combination of reduction in area for the part of forward and backward extursions relative residual thickness of billet (T/R0),frictional factor (m) or relative land length of ram and chamber are calculated during the extrusion process. Therefore, whether the surface crack on forward exturding bar occurs can be predicted before extruding the lower-plasticity metals for axisymmetric cup-bar combined extrusion process.The analytical results agree very well with experimental results of aluminium alloy LY12 (ASTM 2024) and LC4 (ASTM 7075).

The Integration of Vacuum Brazing into Heat Treatment - A Progressive Combined Process

The continuous constructive challenge to improve the functionality and efficiency of components always results in higher demands on production engineering, against the background of the generally increasing cost pressure. In many cases, you will just succeed in producing competitive and innovative products by combining and coupling of different procedures to an independent (hybrid) technology. The use of hybrid procedures for metal joining and heat treatment of metallic materials finds more and more industrial fields of application. Modern vacuum lines with integrated pressurized gas quenching are considered high-performance and flexible means of production for brazing and heat treatment tasks as well in the turbine industry as in the mould making and tool manufacturing industry. In doing so, the heat treatment is coupled with the brazing cycle in a combined process so that the brazing temperatures and soak times are adapted to the necessary temperatures and times for solution heat treatment and austeniting. This user-oriented article describes on the one hand examples of brazing of turbine components, but above all the practical experience from the plastics processing industry, where the requirement for a high-efficient cooling of injection moulding dies gains more and more importance. The combined procedure "Vacuum Brazing and Hardening" offers plenty of possibilities to produce mould inserts with an efficient tempering system in an economic way.

Multi-output Gaussian Process Regression Model with Combined Kernel Function for Polyester Esterification Processes

In polyester fiber industrial processes,the prediction of key performance indicators is vital for product quality.The esterification process is an indispensable step in the polyester polymerization process.It has the characteristics of strong coupling,nonlinearity and complex mechanism.To solve these problems,we put forward a multi-output Gaussian process regression(MGPR)model based on the combined kernel function for the polyester esterification process.Since the seasonal and trend decomposition using loess(STL)can extract the periodic and trend characteristics of time series,a combined kernel function based on the STL and the kernel function analysis is constructed for the MGPR.The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by the actual polyester esterification process data collected from fiber production.

Full scale application of combined SBF-AS process for municipal wastewater treatment in small towns and cities in China

The combined submerged biofilm （SBF）-activated sludge （AS） process for treatment of municipal wastewater in a small city in China is described in this paper. The process exhibited high removal efficiencies for carbonaceous substances, nitrogen and phosphorus which mainly took place in the combined SBF-AS bioreactor. The SBF-AS bioreactor was divided into pre-anoxic, anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic zones from inlet to outlet, in which fixed biofilm carriers were packed. Excellent performance had been obtained under normal operating conditions in more than one year of operation in Dong’e municipal WWTP, Shandong province, with mean removal efficiencies of BOD5 934%, COD 88%, SS 92%, NH+4-N 821%, TP 75% and TN 667%, and quite high effluent quality such as BOD5 6 to 10 mg/L, COD 20 to 40 mg/L, SS 5 to 10 mg/L, TN 10 to 20 mg/L, NH+4-N 4 to 8 mg/L and TP 06 to 10 mg/L. The effluent was reused multi-purposely, such as toilet flushing, green belt watering and artificial lake pounding. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification took place due to the DO gradient in biofilm in aerobic zone of the SBF-AS bioreactor, which made TN removal efficiency improved remarkably in system. Some activated sludge was returned from final clarifiers to the bioreactor for phosphorus removal. The process had the advantages of low investment and low operational/maintenance （O/M） costs, low sludge yield and was preferably employed in small towns and cities.

组合赋权法在卷烟机综合性能评价中应用

【目的】客观准确地评价卷烟机设备性能,从质量水平、消耗水平和效能水平3个维度出发,构建设备综合性能评价指标体系和组合赋权评价模型。【方法】利用最大熵原理给出最优组合系数和方案评价计算步骤。开展Topsis方法、层次分析法、熵值法和组合赋权法在卷烟机设备综合性能评价的实例分析和比较工作。【结果】4种方法具有显著正相关关系,评价结果满足一致性。组合赋权法与其他评价方法相比具有最优组合系数和误差平方和小优势。

铜火法冶炼废水处理实践

阐述了铜冶炼火法工艺发展状况,剖析了铜冶炼过程产生废水的主要环节,并对废水处理工艺及原理进行了梳理,分析了某铜冶炼企业废水产生节点、产生特点和组成成分;针对现有的废水处理技术和资源化利用提出了合理的建议。特别阐述了阳谷祥光铜业自主研发的旋浮铜冶炼技术、粗铜自氧化还原精炼技术、平行流电解技术,“硫化+石膏+中和”工艺和废水深度处理联合工艺特点,对采用火法冶炼工艺的铜冶炼企业的废水处理及资源化利用具有借鉴意义。

油水分离技术的研究进展

综述了含油废水的定义､油的存在形态､油水分离技术以及吸油材料的研究进展。油水分离技术包括物理分离法､化学分离法､物理化学分离法以及组合工艺等。阐述了各种油水分离技术的基本原理､流程和特点,综合比较分析发现,应依据含油废水中油品的性质及存在形式选择合适的油水分离技术,并且兼顾经济效益。组合工艺是油水分离的发展趋势;高性能低成本油水分离材料以及油水分离设备的研发是未来油水分离技术发展的重点。

“数字信号处理”课程中的以渔易鱼

“数字信号处理”是信息类专业中的一门主干基础课,但在教学过程中,经常会遇到学生学习效果不佳、学习动力不足等问题。为了改善这些现状,结合五邑大学实际情况,从教学内容、教学方式、仿真实践等三个方面进行了改革探索,目的是通过理论与实际的结合改善该课程的学习现状,强调知识点的掌握,更重视培养学生的工科学习思维。期望通过以渔易鱼的方式,拓宽学生的工程视野,提高学生的学习兴趣,培养工程的思维方式。

医养服务机构质量评价指标体系的构建与初步应用

目的以“结构-过程-结果”理论为框架,构建医养服务机构质量评价指标体系并初步应用。方法基于文献研究、小组讨论、德尔菲法及层次分析法,确定评价指标体系和各指标权重。应用该指标体系在长沙市3家医养服务机构进行现场评价。结果共进行2轮函询,专家权威系数分别为0.915和0.927,协调系数分别为0.211和0.164,最终确定一级指标3个,二级指标13个,三级指标53个。评价指标体系的Cronbach'sα系数为0.786,平均内容效度指数为0.862。在3家医养服务机构进行的预调查效果较好。结论医养服务机构质量评价指标体系信度、效度较好。构建的指标科学、合理、实用性强,能有效评价医养服务机构质量并发现问题。