Purification of Produced Water from a Sour Oilfield in South Kuwait. 1. Oil-Water Separation and Industrial Salt Production

Produced water from an oil extraction site in South Kuwait was sampled after primary oil – water separation had been carried out. The produced water was filtered through a mixture of activated charcoal and esterified cellulosic material gained from spent coffee grounds as a tertiary adsorption treatment. The earth-alkaline metal ions and heavy metals were separated from the de-oiled produced water by addition of either sodium or potassium hydroxide in the presence of carbon dioxide or by direct addition of solid sodium carbonate. The resulting filtrate gave salt of industrial purity upon selective crystallization on evaporation.

Purification of Produced Water from a Sour Oilfield in South Kuwait. 2. Oil-Water Separation and Crystallization of Calcium Carbonate

Oil-water separation for produced water (PW) originating from an oil extraction site in South Kuwait was carried out using bleached, esterified cellulosic material from used coffee grounds. Thereafter, earth-alkaline metal ions, specifically calcium ions, of the de-oiled PW were removed by precipitation with sodium carbonate to give access to pure sodium chloride as industrial salt from the remaining PW. While the purity of the precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO3) depends on the precipitation conditions, CaCO3 of up to 95.48% purity can be obtained, which makes it a salable product. The precipitation of CaCO3 decreases the amount of calcium ions in PW from 11,300 ppm to 84 ppm.

Inflammation-related markers and prognosis of alpha-fetoprotein producing gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Inflammation-related markers including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio(MLR),systemic immune-inflammation index(SII),systemic inflammation response index(SIRI)and prognostic nutritional index(PNI)could reflect tumor immune microenvironment and predict prognosis of cancers.However,it had not been explored in alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)producing gastric cancer(GC).AIM To determine the predictive value of inflammation-related peripheral blood markers including as NLR,PLR,MLR,SII,SIRI and PNI in the prognosis of AFPproducing GC(AFPGC).Besides,this study would also compare the differences in tumor immune microenvironment,clinical characteristics and prognosis between AFPGC and AFP-GC patients to improve the understanding of this disease.METHODS 573 patients enrolled were retrospectively studied.They were divided into AFP+group(AFP≥20 ng/mL)and AFP-group(AFP<20 ng/mL),comparing the levels of NLR/PLR/MLR/SII/SIRI/PNI and prognosis.In AFP+group,the impact of NLR/PLR/MLR/SII/SIRI/PNI and their dynamic changes on prognosis were further explored.RESULTS Compared with AFP-patients,AFP+patients had higher NLR/PLR/MLR/SII/-SIRI and lower PNI levels and poorer overall survival(OS).In the AFP+group,mortality was significantly lower in the lower NLR/PLR/MLR/SII/SIRI group and higher PNI group.Moreover,the dynamic increase(NLR/PLR/MLR/SII/-SIRI)or decrease(PNI)was associated with the rise of mortality within 1 year of follow-up.CONCLUSION Compared with AFP-patients,the level of inflammation-related peripheral blood markers significantly increased in AFP+patients,which was correlated with OS of AFP+patients.Also,the gradual increase of SII and SIRI was associated with the risk of death within one year in AFP+patients.AFPGC should be considered as a separate type and distinguished from AFP-GC because of the difference in tumor immune microenvironment.It requires basic experiments and large clinical samples in the future.

Production Chain Length and PPI-CPI Divergence:Analysis Based on the Global Input-output Price Model

Productivity and international energy price shocks are reflected in PPI and CPI via industrial chains.China’s in-depth participation into the global value chains has increasingly lengthened its industrial production chains.The question is how the changing length of production chains will affect CPI and PPI,as well as CPI-PPI correlation?By constructing a global input-output price model,this paper offers a theoretical discussion on the impact of production chain length on the CPI-PPI divergence.Our findings suggest that the price shock of international bulk commodities has a greater impact on China’s PPI than that on CPI.The effects on both China’s PPI and CPI estimated by using the single-country input-output model are higher than the results estimated with the global input-output model.However,the difference between CPI and PPI variations estimated with the global input-output model is greater than the result estimated with the single-country input-output model,which supports the view that the lengthening of production chains,especially international production chains,leads to a divergence between CPI and PPI.Empirical results based on cross-national panel data also suggest that the lengthening of production chains has reduced the CPI-PPI correlation for countries,i.e.the lengthening of production chains has increased the PPI-CPI divergence.That is to say,policymakers should target not just CPI in maintaining price stability,but instead focus on the stability of both PPI and CPI.Efforts can be made to proactively adjust the price index system,and formulate the industrial chain price index.

Variability in Quantity and Salinity of Produced Water from an Oil Production in South Kuwait

Produced water (PW) is the largest waste stream in the oil and gas industry. Water remains trapped for millions of years in the reservoir with oil and gas. When a hydrocarbon reservoir is infiltrated by a production well, the produced fluids commonly contain water. The understanding of this water’s constituents and volumes is vital for the sustainable continuity of production operations, as PW has a number of negative impacts on the infrastructure integrity of the operation. On the other hand, PW can be an alternative source of irrigation water as well as of industrial salt. Interestingly, both the quantity as well as the quality of PW do not remain constant but can vary, both progressively and erratically, even over short periods of time. This paper discusses such a situation of variable PW in an oil and gas operation in the State of Kuwait.

Phenotypic Detection of Enterobacterales Strains Susceptible of Producing OXA-48 Carbapenemase

Background: Nowadays, emergence of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales (CPE) throughout the world has become a public health problem, especially in countries with limited resources. In recent years, CPE of type OXA-48 (Ambler class D) have been identified in Dakar. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic detection of OXA-48 CPE using a temocillin disc (30 μg). Methodology: A retrospective study was carried out at Medical Biology Laboratory of Pasteur Institute in Dakar on Ertapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (ERE) strains isolated from 2015 to 2017. These strains were then tested with a 30 μg temocillin disc. Any strain resistant to temocillin (inhibition diameter Results: Forty-one ERE isolated during the study period were tested, of which 34 (82.9%) were OXA-48 based on phenotypic detection using temocillin disc and confirmed by PCR (100%). OXA-48 CPE strains detected were composed of Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 14;41.2%), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 8;23.5%), Escherichia coli (n = 7, 20.5%), Citrobacter freundii (n = 3;8.8%), Cronobacter sakazakii (n = 1;3%) and Morganella morganii (n = 1;3%). Conclusion: Temocillin resistance has a good positive predictive value for detecting OXA-48 CPE by phenotypic method, confirmed by PCR. Temocillin is therefore a good marker for detection of OXA-48 CPE except Hafnia alvei.

基于自然资源价值的粮食主产区利益补偿标准研究

粮食主产区利益补偿标准的测算是健全种粮农民收益保障机制、建立粮食产销区横向利益补偿机制的核心内容。以粮食主产区河南省为研究对象,运用自然资源资产价格评估成果,对耕地非粮化经济补偿金额和重点城市利益补偿标准进行测算。结果表明:①2022年河南省粮食盈余耕地面积为2925.27千hm^(2),盈余率为38.93%,相当于河南省拿出近四成的耕地来保障国家粮食安全。②河南省耕地非粮化经济补偿总金额为387.03亿元/年,耕地亩均经济补偿金额为343.40元/年,明显高于国家粮食直接补贴金额。③在全省6个重点城市中,郑州市和洛阳市每年分别需要支付耕地利益补偿金1595.50亿元和85.45亿元,开封市、平顶山市、安阳市和焦作市则是耕地利益补偿金受偿城市。

生产性服务业集聚对碳生产率的空间溢出效应

为探究生产性服务业集聚能否成为解决“稳增长、促减排”两难困境的良方,论文基于2009—2020年中国30个省份的面板数据,构建中介与空间效应模型,探讨生产性服务业集聚与碳生产率的影响机制和时空特征并进行空间溢出效应分析。结果表明:生产性服务业集聚显著提高碳生产率并存在异质性特征,其促进作用自东部到西部逐渐显著,高端生产性服务业集聚更能推动碳生产率发展;科技创新在生产性服务业集聚影响碳生产率过程中发挥中介作用;本地生产性服务业集聚通过辐射效应对邻近地区碳生产率水平产生正向空间溢出效应,有助于形成地区间绿色协调发展的空间格局。

Microsoft Producer自定义演示模板的编辑

本文介绍了Microsoft Producer中演示模板的自定义方法,以及最终浏览相关界面及显示内容的编辑。

基于Producer多媒体电子课件制作

传统课件制作流程繁琐,对硬件设备与人员要求较高,不便普及与推广.基于Producer多媒体电子课件制作是一种简单、实用、便于示范推广的课件制作方法,既然可以满足教师的日常课件制作需求,又可以满足专业人员的制作高级别多媒体电子课件的要求,为多媒体课件制作开辟了一条新思路.描述了基于Producer多媒体电子课件制作的成功案例、实现方案、工作界面、制作流程、关键技术与实现.

Culture of Embryonic Stem Cell by Primordial Germ Cells of Down Producing Goat

[Objective] The paper was to establish embryonic stem cell system of goats. [Method] Numerous primordial germ cell colonies were derived from gonadal ridge and the surrounding tissues in 20 millimeter fetuses of down producing goat. Primordial germ cells and goats embryonic fibroblasts obtained from conceptus of equivaient gestational age were co-cultured. [Result] The colonies showed some characteristics of embryonic stem cells, such as the morphology of nest-like, they continued to be AKP positive and the ability to be continuously passed [Conclusion] These cells were pluripotent and ES-like cells.

基于Microsoft Producer和Windows Media技术制作和发布流媒体网络课件

详细介绍了使用Microsoft Producer制作和发布基于Windows Media技术的流媒体网络课件的方法和步骤, 较好地解决了流媒体网络课件应用中的关键问题。

基于Podcast Producer的讲座资源支撑平台的设计与实现——以北京大学讲座网为例

从工作流程、网络架构、功能模块和关键技术等几个方面介绍了基于Podcast Producer开发的北京大学讲座网,并探索一个可实现信息发布、讲座录制任务分配、录制进度监控和自动转码处理与讲座视频发布等功能的高度自动化的通用讲座资源支撑平台。

许氏平鲉肠道来源益生菌的分离、鉴定与生物学特性研究

自海捕的许氏平鲉肠道内分离出2株芽孢杆菌,通过形态学观察、生化鉴定、16S rDNA基因序列比对分析,并构建系统发育进化树,探究菌株的生长曲线、生长特性、产酶性能、自凝集性和疏水性,同时进行药敏试验和溶血试验。结果显示,2株菌分别为地衣芽孢杆菌A1M1和枯草芽孢杆菌A3M3,均为革兰氏阳性菌,呈杆状;均在培养3 h后进入对数生长期,分别在培养21、24 h进入生长稳定期,且最适培养条件均为:温度30℃、pH 7、盐度5~24。地衣芽孢杆菌A1M1具有产淀粉酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶的特性;枯草芽孢杆菌A3M3具有产淀粉酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶的特性。地衣芽孢杆菌A1M1和枯草芽孢杆菌A3M3表现出较强的自凝集性,在24 h分别达到52.78%、77.29%。2株菌对不同溶剂的疏水性具有显著差异,地衣芽孢杆菌A1M1和枯草芽孢杆菌A3M3在二甲苯中的疏水性最好,分别达到81.04%、84.92%。枯草芽孢杆菌A3M3对青霉素、氨苄西林、头孢曲松、庆大霉素、四环素、红霉素、环丙沙星、复方新诺明和林可霉素敏感;地衣芽孢杆菌A1M1对9种抗生素均有不同程度的耐药性。溶血试验结果显示,2株菌无溶血能力。本试验分离获得的地衣芽孢杆菌A1M1和枯草芽孢杆菌A3M3具有广温、广盐、耐酸碱、生长速度快等特点,且具有较好的产酶性能、较强的自凝集性和疏水性,可作为许氏平鲉养殖及微生态制剂开发的益生菌候选株,试验结果可为其应用于许氏平鲉养殖提供数据支撑。

用Microsoft Producer制作网络课程

Microsoft Producer for Power Point 2003是为Power Point 2003免费附加的组件,它是到目前为止最经济、最简单的、最易学的精品课程、网络课程制作软件。本文较为详细地介绍了用向导添加素材、选择模版、音视频与幻灯片同步、发布的过程。

暴雨条件下水土保持措施对坡面产流产沙的影响

[目的]探究暴雨条件下水土保持措施对坡面产流产沙的影响,可对科学制定高效的水土流失防治措施提供依据。[方法]依托北京密云区石匣小流域水土保持科技示范园的7个径流小区,选取了2010—2021年20场自然暴雨观测数据,运用统计和相关分析等方法探讨了不同水土保持措施对产流产沙和面源污染的影响,并分析了降雨、土壤、植被因子与产流产沙之间的相关性。[结果](1)在2010—2021年研究区年降雨总量相对平缓,但年降雨频率有所增加、暴雨发生次数呈现出上升趋势。(2)在20次暴雨条件样本中,荆条的减流率和减沙率分别为94.13%和99.76%,减流减沙效益优于刺槐+侧柏+鱼鳞坑、玉米+梯田等其他组合。荆条、刺槐+侧柏+鱼鳞坑对面源污染的防治效果较好,污染指标显著低于平均水平。(3)降雨因子、植被因子与径流泥沙的相关性分析显示,平均雨强、I30、I60与径流量呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.54,0.73,0.7;平均雨强、I60与泥沙量呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.58,0.5;植物盖度与径流量、泥沙量明显负相关,相关系数分别为-0.51,-0.58。[结论]综合考虑暴雨条件下的径流泥沙数据,我们认为在保障经济效益的前提下,推荐该地区采用荆条作为优先水土保持措施。

气浮旋流中油滴与气泡的运动规律

微气泡气浮旋流技术是将气浮分离与旋流分离相结合的一种新型高效分离方法。利用微气泡气浮旋流技术进行油水分离,探究了溶气水微气泡、旋流场、絮凝剂3种因素对油水分离效果的影响,并用高速成像技术考察了微气泡与油滴、微气泡与絮体的结合过程。结果表明,溶气水微气泡可大幅缩短油水分离时间,相比纯水静置缩短了50%。在油水混合物初始质量浓度为400 mg/L时,气浮+旋流+絮凝剂组合工艺的最佳实验条件为油水混合物与溶气水的体积比1∶4、旋流速度370 r/min、复合絮凝剂(PAC∶CPAM)的复配比2∶1,此条件下污水最终含油质量浓度低于10 mg/L,满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)。静水条件下,微气泡-絮体结合体的平均投影面积约为微气泡-油滴结合体的6倍,投加絮凝剂有利于提升油水分离效果。交互实验证明,相比纯水静置处理,经微气泡气浮、气浮+旋流以及气浮+旋流+絮凝剂3种工艺处理后,污水含油率分别降低38.7%、71.4%、76.5%。就最终油水分离效果来说,3因素组合>溶气水微气泡+旋流场>溶气水微气泡。

RESEARCH ON OPTIMAL OPERATION OF WATER PRODUCING SYSTEM

Basing on a viewpoint of all sided water producing system,a comprehensive analysis of the operation status and the relationship between each working unit in water producing system,including coagulation,sedimentation and filtration etc.was made.By investigating the influence of backwashing consumption,the amount of sludge ejected from sedimentation tank and coagulant ratio upon the cost,the cost effective function of the system was presented.Afterwards,the solution was found out and the corresponding computer program was developed.When applied with real world data,it proved that this method significantly reduced the water producing cost.

Economic Evaluation on "Planting Three to Produce Four" High-yielding Project of Super Hybrid-rice in Hunan

The research conducted investigation and survey on 186 farm households in 2014 and carried out economic evaluation on ＂planting three to produce four＂ highyielding project of super hybrid rice. The results showed that the project of ＂planting three to produce four＂ performed significantly in terms of increasing yields and incomes. For example, per unit area yield of one-season late hybrid rice and middleseason hybrid rice proved the highest, and net income from middle-season rice in Longhui was the highest. It is obvious that to increase per unit yield is key for improving net incomes and to reduce machine fees and worker fees is crucial for decreasing fees.

品种和产地对核桃油脂肪酸组成及含量的影响

旨在为核桃品种选育和核桃油产品开发提供理论依据,探究不同品种和产地核桃油中脂肪酸组成及含量差异。以51个品种核桃、7个产地的香玲核桃和5个产地的清香核桃为研究对象,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定其油脂的脂肪酸组成及含量,并进行相关性分析、主成分分析与聚类分析。结果表明:51个品种核桃油中含13种脂肪酸,含量较高的依次是亚油酸、油酸、α-亚麻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸,这5种脂肪酸总含量约占总脂肪酸含量的99%,不饱和脂肪酸含量高达90%左右;51个品种核桃油中脂肪酸含量差异显著,5种主要脂肪酸中油酸的变异系数最高,为23.14%,α-亚麻酸变异系数次之,为14.86%,亚油酸的变异系数为7.24%;相关性分析发现,硬脂酸含量与棕榈酸含量呈极显著负相关,α-亚麻酸含量与油酸含量呈极显著负相关,与亚油酸含量呈极显著正相关,亚油酸含量与油酸含量呈极显著负相关;通过主成分分析和聚类分析将51个核桃品种分为3类,第1类为中油酸、中亚油酸组,第2类为低油酸、高亚油酸组,第3类为高油酸、低亚油酸组;不同产地核桃油的脂肪酸组成与不同品种核桃油一致,同一品种不同产地核桃油之间脂肪酸含量差异较小,经主成分分析和聚类分析发现甘肃华亭清香核桃单独为一类,其他产地的清香核桃为一类,不同产地的香玲核桃为一类。综上,核桃油脂肪酸含量受产地影响较小,主要是由品种决定,具有一定的遗传稳定性。