1 Scope This standard specifies the classification, shape and dimension, technical requirements, test methods, quality appraisal procedure, packing, marking, transportation, storage, and quality certificate of high a...1 Scope This standard specifies the classification, shape and dimension, technical requirements, test methods, quality appraisal procedure, packing, marking, transportation, storage, and quality certificate of high alumina insulating bricks.展开更多
1 Scope This standard specifies the definition, prineiple, apparatus and materials, procedure, expression of resuits and test report of determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity of dense shap...1 Scope This standard specifies the definition, prineiple, apparatus and materials, procedure, expression of resuits and test report of determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity of dense shaped refractory products.展开更多
1 Scope This standard specifies a method for the determination of the modulus of rupture of dense and insulating shaped refractory products at ambient temperature, under conditions of a constant rate of increase of s...1 Scope This standard specifies a method for the determination of the modulus of rupture of dense and insulating shaped refractory products at ambient temperature, under conditions of a constant rate of increase of stress.展开更多
1 Scope This standard covers the definition, technical requirement, apparatus, specimen, test procedure, calculation and test report on permanent linear change of shaped insulating refractory products.
Sand production is an undesired phenomenon occurring in unconsolidated formations due to shear failure and hydrodynamic forces. There have been many approaches developed to predict sand production and prevent it by ch...Sand production is an undesired phenomenon occurring in unconsolidated formations due to shear failure and hydrodynamic forces. There have been many approaches developed to predict sand production and prevent it by changing drilling or production strategies. However, assumptions involved in these approaches have limited their applications to very specific scenarios. In this paper, an elliptical model based on the borehole shape is presented to predict the volume of sand produced during the drilling and depletion stages of oil and gas reservoirs. A shape factor parameter is introduced to estimate the changes in the geometry of the borehole as a result of shear failure. A carbonate reservoir from the south of Iran with a solid production history is used to show the application of the developed methodology. Deriving mathematical equations for determination of the shape factor based on different failure criteria indicate that the effect of the intermediate principal stress should be taken into account to achieve an accurate result. However, it should be noticed that the methodology presented can only be used when geomechanical parameters are accurately estimated prior to the production stage when using wells and field data.展开更多
文摘1 Scope This standard specifies the classification, shape and dimension, technical requirements, test methods, quality appraisal procedure, packing, marking, transportation, storage, and quality certificate of high alumina insulating bricks.
文摘1 Scope This standard specifies the definition, prineiple, apparatus and materials, procedure, expression of resuits and test report of determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity of dense shaped refractory products.
文摘1 Scope This standard specifies a method for the determination of the modulus of rupture of dense and insulating shaped refractory products at ambient temperature, under conditions of a constant rate of increase of stress.
文摘1 Scope This standard covers the definition, technical requirement, apparatus, specimen, test procedure, calculation and test report on permanent linear change of shaped insulating refractory products.
文摘Sand production is an undesired phenomenon occurring in unconsolidated formations due to shear failure and hydrodynamic forces. There have been many approaches developed to predict sand production and prevent it by changing drilling or production strategies. However, assumptions involved in these approaches have limited their applications to very specific scenarios. In this paper, an elliptical model based on the borehole shape is presented to predict the volume of sand produced during the drilling and depletion stages of oil and gas reservoirs. A shape factor parameter is introduced to estimate the changes in the geometry of the borehole as a result of shear failure. A carbonate reservoir from the south of Iran with a solid production history is used to show the application of the developed methodology. Deriving mathematical equations for determination of the shape factor based on different failure criteria indicate that the effect of the intermediate principal stress should be taken into account to achieve an accurate result. However, it should be noticed that the methodology presented can only be used when geomechanical parameters are accurately estimated prior to the production stage when using wells and field data.
