Design of Traditional Chinese Medicine Extraction Workshop Process and Automation System

Objective: This paper takes the example of a Panax notoginseng extraction workshop and designs an automated production workshop with advanced domestic capabilities. Methods: 1) Based on the small-scale Panax notoginseng extraction process, the feasibility of the workshop production process is demonstrated. 2) The workshop process design for Panax Notoginseng saponin extraction is completed, including production organization plans and the selection of key equipment. 3) For the Panax notoginseng extraction workshop process, an automated production control system is designed. Conclusion: Through optimized design of the production process and automation system, continuous and automated production of traditional Chinese medicine extraction is achieved, leading to improvements in drug quality and production efficiency.

Potential prospects of Chinese medicine application in diabetic retinopathy

Current treatment strategies for diabetic retinopathy(DR),an eye condition that can lead to blindness,have mainly focused on proliferative DR,including vitreous injection,retinal photocoagulation,and vitrectomy.Vitreous injections mainly depend on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.In this editorial,we comment on the article by Sun et al.We focus specifically on the mechanisms of the protective effect of genipin on the retina.Genipin is a gardenia extract used in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).In their study,the authors suggest that controlling advanced glycosylation by the intraocular injection of genipin may be a strategy for preventing retinopathy.The innovative use of a Chinese medicine extract injected into the eye to achieve a curative effect has attracted our attention.Although TCM is effective in treating DR,the topical application of DR,especially intraocular injections,is not yet feasible.Herein,we present a brief analysis of effective Chinese medicines for the treatment of DR.The effectiveness of local injections of TCM applied directly into the eyes holds promise as an effective treatment approach for DR.

A review on cocrystal of active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine

In the development of new drugs products,especially the development of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients,solubility and oral bioavailability are the main factors which are restricting the development of new drugs,whereas the physicochemical properties of active ingredients are the key element to affecting these factors.Pharmaceutical cocrystal provides an excellent opportunity to develop new drugs with excellent physical and chemical properties such as melting point,solubility,stability and bioavailability while retaining the pharmacological properties of individuals active pharmaceutical ingredients among pharmaceutical cocrystal compounds.Traditional Chinese herbal medicine has the characteristics of multiple pathways and multiple targets,mainly because it contains many active ingredients,like cocrystals thereof with many components.The active ingredients extracted from traditional Chinese herbal medicine have a wide range of pharmacological activities,but most of the active ingredients affect the development of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients due to their physical and chemical properties such as solubility.Traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical cocrystals can not only improve the physical and chemical properties of drugs without changing the internal structure of drugs,so as to provide a new scheme for the development of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients.This paper reviews the research progress of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine pharmaceutical cocrystal.The preparation methods of cocrystals are summarized and the advantages of cocrystals are illustrated with examples.

Investigation of Heavy Metal Contents in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Peristrophe roxburghiana Collected from Northwest of Guangxi

Objective] This study was conducted to evaluate the product quality and safety of Peristrophe roxburghiana_ col ected from different places in Hechi City, northwest of Gunagxi, so as to provide basic data for further development and uti-lization of the characteristic plant resource P. roxburghiana. [Method] Contents of 9 kinds of heavy metals including Cd, Mn, Pb, Zn and Cu in the herb were deter-mined by the method of wet digestion-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry, respectively. [Results] Heavy metal contents of Cd, Mn, Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Hg and Se were 1.62-17.25, 8.93-142.53, 4.37-18.43, 103.7-242.81, 2.55-5.35, 85.40-146.30, 0.07-0.54, 0.00-0.08 and 0.00-0.47 mg/kg, respectively. According to the national food safety standards and Green Trade Standards of lmporting ＆amp; Exporting Medicinal plants ＆amp; Preparations, the heavy metal contents of the P. roxburghiana_samples col ected from different coun-ties in Hechi City exceeded standards or at the critical values. Among which, Cd, Pb and Zn contents of the samples are seriously higher than the standards. [Con-clusion] Therefore, the impact of soil heavy metal pol ution on the safety of edible plants in the northwest of Guangxi should be highly concerned.

The Globalization of Traditional Medicines: Perspectives Related to the European Union Regulatory Environment

In the Member States of the European Union (EU), a harmonized legislation on medicinal products has been enforced, which specifically defines herbal medicinal products and traditional herbal medicinal products. The scope was to create a regulatory environment that takes into account the particular characteristics of herbal medicinal products. The harmonization of standards is intended to harmonize assessment and facilitate access to the market in different Member States. The standards defined by the EU herbal monographs of the Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) and the quality requirements laid down in the European Pharmacopoeia represent an excellent model of multinational harmonization of the regulatory environment for herbal and traditional medicines. It has also been demonstrated that this framework is at least partially applicable for herbal and traditional medicines from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to gain access to the EU market. Moreover, the HMPC provides specific guidance documents and pilot projects on monographs on the safety and efficacy of Chinese herbal drugs. In the European Pharmacopoeia, the number of quality monographs of herbal drugs with an origin in TCM is continuously growing. These developments indicate that globalization of traditional medicines is an ongoing process. Communication and cooperation between regulators, the scientific community, and interested stakeholders will set the stage for the convergence of diverse regulatory environments. This will contribute to worldwide availability of traditional medicines based on appropriate standards.

Integrating traditional Chinese (herbal) medicines into risk based regulation-With focus on non-clinical requirements to demonstrate safety

Within the public health sector of Hong Kong(China),there is a consensus around the important role of traditional Chinese medicines.For Hong Kong(China)to play a bridging role to bring Chinese medicines to the global market requires a concerted effort from the government,academic institutes and industries.The release of the final version of the European Medicines Agencies guidance document,which details the acceptance of minimum requirements to nonclinical package in bibliographical applications,grants the opportunity for well-established and traditional herbal medicines to demonstrate an‘acceptable safe’status for registration in the European Union.It is anticipated that this minimum nonclinical package can be applied to demonstrate the safe use of many traditional Chinese medicines regardless of their eligibility to be registered under the simplified procedure within the European Union.This paper conceptualizes an integration of a simplified evaluation route for eligible proprietary Chinese medicines(pCm)with long history of use into the existing drug regulatory framework in Hong Kong(China).Such integration utilizing the minimum nonclinical package,based on bibliographical data or expert report,as proof of evidence to demonstrate safety for pCm with long history of use requires less demand in scientific resources.With Hong Kong(China)conducting‘first hand’review for eligible pCm,it provides an option for overseas and local pharmaceutical companies to register their products in Hong Kong(China)without the need to rely on issuance of Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product from other countries.This could bring eligible pCm with long history of use to reach international risk-based standard and to be marketed globally as‘medicines’to reach their full therapeutic potential.An important process to positioning Hong Kong(China)to compete with other countries in promoting importation and exportation of pCm to better serve the global health.

Formulation of Work-Study Combined and Result-Oriented Integrated Curriculum Standards

According to the Annex Technical Regulations for Integrated Curriculum Development(Trial)in Document No.30 of the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security(2012),this paper studies the formulation of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production.We focus on the formulation ideas of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production,the formulation process of the curriculum standards for the integration of Chinese medicinal materials production,including the description of typical work tasks,the determination of curriculum objectives,the analysis of study content,the description of referential study tasks,teaching implementation suggestions,assessment and evaluation suggestions,which can provide a reference for the development and research of other related integrated courses.

Annual advances of traditional Chinese medicine on tumor immunity regulation in 2021

Traditional Chinese medicine has been used to treat more than 70%of cancer patients in China.Traditional Chinese medicine treatment includes the application of traditional Chinese medicine monomers,extracts,classical Chinese medicine compounds,self-made compounds,acupuncture,etc.Mechanisms of the anti-tumor effects of traditional Chinese medicine are related to their immune-regulatory roles.Some traditional Chinese medicines improve the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs,enhance tumor-suppressive effects,and decrease adverse reactions.In 2021,research papers from China accounted for about two-thirds of all the papers on traditional Chinese medicine and anti-tumor immunity.China continues to lead the world in the field of anti-tumor immunity of traditional Chinese medicine,and the efficient and productive academic cooperation between China and other countries has promoted the rapid development of this field.In this review,we summarize the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the field of tumor immunity in 2021 to provide new insights into mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effects of traditional Chinese medicine.

Key Technologies of Traditional Chinese Medicine Traceability Based on Internet of Things

Compared with western medicine, there are many complicated factors affecting the intrinsic quality of traditional Chinese medicine, because its production needs to be planted, harvested, processed, transported, stored, and sold, etc. Therefore, the internet of things is integrated into the traceability of traditional Chinese medicine, and its key technologies are studied. An XMLbased traceability information exchange model was constructed for traditional Chinese medicine and modeled the traceability process by the finite state machine (FSM). Furthermore, the specific electronic product code (EPC) coding scheme of traditional Chinese medicine was proposed based on the EPC coding structure model. Finally, the effectiveness of the above models and schemes is verified by an example of a traditional Chinese medicine traceability prototype system.

The dynamic changes and mechanisms of Rehmanniae radix processing based on Maillard reaction

Background:Traditional Chinese medicines are usually processed before they are used for clinical treatment.This is done in a way associated with the Maillard reaction.Methods:Based on the Maillard reaction,this paper analyzed the degree of processing of rehmannia root(Rehmanniae radix)relative to the dynamic variation rules of Maillard reaction index parameters,including pH,A420,amino acids,and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.Furthermore,this study introduced thermal analysis techniques and pyrolysis kinetics to assess the influence of the correlation between processing raw rehmannia root and the Maillard reaction during carbonization.It then went through the whole process of transforming the raw material to end-product in order to explain the scientific connotation of processing it.Results:The results showed that each time rehmannia root was processed,its pH value and amino acid content decreased,while the A420 value and 5-HMF increased.Processing with wine shows a significant difference in these experimental indexes.The position and intensity of the maximum thermal weight loss rate peak of processed rehmannia root at different degrees of processing are different.Comprehensive quantitative 221±0.2°C for processed rehmannia root carbonization was the processing temperature limit.Moreover,the kinetic solution verified that the activation energy corresponding to the carbonization temperature was close to the maximum value of the activation energy of the whole carbonization process,and the optimal mechanism function was g(α)=((1−α)−1/3−1)2.Conclusion:The Maillard reaction occurred during the processing of rehmannia root mixed with carbonization.With each increase of the number of steaming and drying cycles involved in the processing,the level of Maillard reaction increased significantly.The wine-steaming method had a significant effect on the quality of the processed product.

Annual advances of traditional medicine on tumor immunity regulation in 2020

Tumor burden remains a global health problem that threatens human life worldwide.Over the past few years,the evolution of immune checkpoint inhibitors has represented one of the most successful approaches in the field of tumor therapy.Drugs regulating tumor immune microenvironment or enhancing body immunity have indicated a novel perspective to treat tumors.Therefore,an increased number of scientists have been shifting their research focus to explore the immunity regulation effects of anti-tumor traditional medicine or natural products.In this review,we summarize the research progress of traditional medicines on tumor immunity regulation in 2020.Our findings suggest that more herbal medicine-derived phytochemicals and formulas were derived from traditional Chinese medicine,and more papers were published in comprehensive journals.Traditional medicine can comprehensively regulate the tumor immune microenvironment,including natural killer cells,dendritic cells,CD4+/CD8+T lymphocytes,regulatory T cells,myeloid-derived suppressor cells,tumor-associated macrophages,immunosuppressive factors,and immune checkpoints.In 2020,a greater number of research papers focused on active ingredients and formulas that regulate tumor-associated macrophages and immune checkpoints.Active ingredients such as flavonoids became a global hotspot in 2020.Certain natural products were also found to exert synergistic anti-tumor activity with immune checkpoint inhibitors,such as curcumin.However,a distinct lack of high-quality experimental and clinical studies remains a prevalent and challenging issue that hinders the further development of traditional medicine.

Traditional Chinese medicine Master XIONG Jibo’s medication experience in treating arthralgia syndrome through data mining

Objective This study aimed to examine and propagate the medication experience and group formula of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)Master XIONG Jibo in diagnosing and treat-ing arthralgia syndrome(AS)through data mining.Methods Data of outpatient cases of Professor XIONG Jibo were collected from January 1,2014 to December 31,2018,along with cases recorded in A Real Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Doctor:XIONG Jibo's Clinical Medical Record 1,which was published in December 2019.The five variables collected from the patients’data were TCM diagnostic information,TCM and western medicine diagnoses,syndrome,treatment,and prescription.A database was established for the collected data with Excel.Using the Python environment,a custom-ized modified natural language processing(NLP)model for the diagnosis and treatment of AS by Professor XIONG Jibo was established to preprocess the data and to analyze the word cloud.Frequency analysis,association rule analysis,cluster analysis,and visual analysis of AS cases were performed based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computing Platform(V3.0)and RStudio(V4.0.3).Results A total of 610 medical records of Professor XIONG Jibo were collected from the case database.A total of 103 medical records were included after data screening criteria,which comprised 187 times(45 kinds)of prescriptions and 1506 times(125 kinds)of Chinese herbs.The main related meridians were the liver,spleen,and kidney meridians.The properties of Chinese herbs used most were mainly warm,flat,and cold,while the flavors of herbs were mainly bitter,pungent,and sweet.The main patterns of AS included the damp heat,phlegm stasis,and neck arthralgia.The most commonly used herbs for AS were Chuanniuxi(Cyathu-lae Radix),Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex),Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma),Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix),Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),and Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma).The most common effect of the herbs was“promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis”,followed by“supple-menting deficiency(Qi supplementing,blood supplementing,and Yang supplementing)”,and“dispelling wind and dampness”.The data were analyzed with the support≥15%and con-fidence=100%,and after de-duplication,five second-order association rules,39 third-order association rules,39 fourth-order association rules,and two fifth-order association rules were identified.The top-ranking association rules of each were“Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma)→Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex)”“Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma)+Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix)→Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex)”“Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix)+Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)+Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)→Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix)”and“Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix)+Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)+Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)+Huangbo(Phello-dendri Chinensis Cortex)→Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix)”,respectively.Five clusters were obtained using cluster analysis of the top 30 herbs.The herbs were mainly dry-ing dampness,supplementing Qi,and promoting blood circulation.The main prescriptions of AS were Ermiao San(二妙散),Gegen Jianghuang San(葛根姜黄散),and Huangqi Chongteng Yin(黄芪虫藤饮).The herbs of core prescription included Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma),Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix),Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma),Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex),Mugua(Chaenomelis Fructus),Qinjiao(Gentianae Macro-phyllae Radix),Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix),and Yiyiren(Coicis Semen).Conclusion Clearing heat and dampness,relieving collaterals and pain,and invigorating Qi and blood are the most commonly used therapies for the treatment of AS by Professor XIONG Jibo.Additionally,customized NLP model could improve the efficiency of data mining in TCM.

Comparison of Different Processing Methods of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.

[Objectives]To study and compare the processing methods of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.[Methods]Z.jujuba was processed by seven methods:cleaning,yellowish frying,burnt frying,carbonized frying,moistening by hot sand,steaming,and boiling.Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry was used to determine the content of total flavonoids in each processed Z.jujuba.[Results]The content of total flavonoids measured by various processing methods was different.The content of total flavonoids in the processed Z.jujuba by moistening by hot sand was relatively high and the absorption peak spectrum was almost the same as that of the cleaned processed Z.jujuba and the rutin reference substance.[Conclusions]The moistening by hot sand is the optimal method for processing of Z.jujuba.

基于培养新型高阶中医药人才的中药炮制教学改革

在实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的大背景下,我国政府出台多项政策推动中医药发展,同时也对培养符合时代和社会需求的中医药人才提出更高的要求。中药炮制是中医药的重要特色,该课程在中药人才培养中具有重要的地位。文章以培养新型高阶中医药人才为教育目标,从教学理念、教学方法、评价体系3个方面对中药炮制教学进行了大胆的改革与实践。结果表明,在教学相长的同时,教学改革不仅大大增强了学生们的专业自信、文化自信,更激发了学生们改革创新的意识、对行业发展的思考和对民族复兴的责任感。

“新质生产力”背景下的中药炮制智能化转型升级发展新路径探讨

当前中药饮片炮制生产存在主观性强、质量不稳定、生产效率低、智能化程度缺乏等问题,为加快推动中药炮制智能化转型升级,深入剖析当前中药饮片构建数字化、智能化生产模式面临的问题与挑战,针对传统中药炮制基础理论缺乏现代科学阐述、在线数字化质量表征技术缺失、生产装备智能化水平较低及优质饮片评价标准缺失等问题,以“新质生产力”形成为导向,提出以科技创新为驱动,通过多学科交叉融合手段深入探讨中药炮制机理,明晰饮片炮制过程“药性-质量”关联规律,应用仿生传感与人工智能实现饮片全息质量表征、云边协同大数据系统助推生产线智能升级,构建“物理-化学-生物”多模态数据融合的优质饮片评价体系,促使中药炮制过程向更高效、精准、可持续的方向发展,推动中药产业可持续发展,为中医药现代化提供理论和实践支撑。

新质生产力赋能中医药传承创新发展的策略与思考

文章探讨了新质生产力在推动中医药传承创新发展方面的策略与思考。科技创新交叉融合突破所产生的新质生产力,为中医药领域带来了前所未有的发展机遇。文章探讨了新质生产力在医药领域的潜力和发展方向,强调了其在推动中医药传承创新中的重要作用;分析了现代信息技术对中医药传承创新发展的影响,重点介绍了中药材大数据云服务平台、人工智能赋能、先进设备智能制造、大数据超算以及中医药循证研究证据库等方面的应用;展望了人工智能大模型在医药领域的发展方向,为未来中医药传承创新发展提供了新的视角和思路。

不同中药炮制措施对中药饮片治疗效果的影响探讨

目的 分析不同中药炮制措施对中药饮片治疗效果的影响。方法 80例接受中药饮片治疗的患者,随机分为对照组与观察组,各40例。对照组在水处理前分档,观察组在水处理前分档联合炮制前分档。对比两组治疗效果及不良反应发生情况。结果 观察组治疗总有效率97.50%高于对照组的82.50%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率5.00%显著低于对照组的20.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 不同的中药炮制措施会对中药饮片的治疗效果产生影响,水处理前分档联合炮制前分档的方式,可以使整体的治疗效果得到提升,并降低不良反应的发生率。

中药炮制学课程思政元素挖掘及教学设计案例分析

思政教学与专业教育的有机融合,不仅可以强化教师“立德树人”的教育理念,更能实现全程育人、全方位育人的教育目标。这就需要在实践过程中,根据中药学专业人才培养目标,深入挖掘课程思政元素,优化教学设计,创新教育教学方法,实现课程思政在中药学专业教育的全过程融入。本教学改革以水飞法为例,从思政元素的挖掘、思政元素映射与融入点的切入、教学方法的创新、思政教育的拓展与评价等方面进行了优化设计,深入挖掘课程思政教学内容和实现方式,并有效应用于教学实践过程,以期构建价值引领、知识传授、能力培养有机统一的中药炮制学教学模式,为中药学类专业课程思政建设及人才培养模式的改革提供借鉴参考。

浅析天津中药炮制技术的形成、发展与特色

天津中药饮片炮制起源于明代,成于清代,独具地方特色。为了传承与发扬天津中药炮制特色,文章通过整理文献书籍和《天津中药饮片炮制规范》2022版,分析了天津中药炮制技术的形成、发展与特色。天津中药炮制优选道地药材;修治与软化药材技术多样;切制技术兼容并蓄;辅料使用丰富多彩,重用醋与黄酒,善用甘草水炮制解毒;炮炙技术丰富,醋煮技术独具特色,通过比较《中国药典》2020版与其他地方中药材与饮片标准,挖掘出一些特色炮制品种。经过本文的挖掘与分析,可以为天津中药炮制的继承、发展与推广提供参考。