Nursing Experience of Early Application of Nasoenteric Tube for Enteral Nutrition in Critically Ill ICU Patients

Objective:To investigate the effective nursing measures of early application of nasoenteric tube for enteral nutrition in critically ill patients in ICU,and to summarize the nursing experience.Methods:The study was carried out in June 2023–November 2023.62 samples of ICU critically ill patients were selected,all of whom used enteral nutrition by mesenteric tube and were grouped into an observation group(n=31)and a control group(n=31)by using the numerical table randomization method.The patients in the control group were basic nursing interventions,and the patients in the observation group were comprehensive quality care,comparing the nutritional indexes,complication rates,and nursing satisfaction between the two groups.Results:All nutritional indicators of the observation group were higher than those of the control group after nursing intervention(P<0.05);the complication rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05);the nursing satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Comprehensive quality nursing care during the early application of a gastroenteric tube for enteral nutrition in critically ill patients in the ICU can improve nutritional indexes,reduce the incidence of complications and improve nursing satisfaction.

The Role of Grid-Style Nursing Management Model in Critically Ill Patients

Objective:This study aims to gain insight into the effects and potential advantages of the grid-style nursing management model in the care of critically ill patients.Methods:Eighty critically ill patients admitted to our hospital between May 2020 and May 2021 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the grid group,each with 40 patients.The control group implemented traditional nursing management,while the grid group adopted a grid-style nursing management model.The quality of care,quality of life,nursing satisfaction,and treatment adherence of the two groups were compared.Results:Compared with the control group,the grid group had significantly higher quality of care and quality of life(P<0.001);in terms of nursing satisfaction,the score of the grid group was 8.26±0.85,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(6.65±0.77)(P<0.001);90.00%(36 patients)of the grid group showed good treatment adherence,significantly higher than 70.00%(28 patients)of the control group(P<0.001).Conclusion:The implementation of the grid-style nursing management model in critically ill patients can significantly improve the quality of care,quality of life,and satisfaction of patients,and effectively promote patients’treatment adherence.These positive results provide strong support for the promotion and application of this model in clinical care.

Research on Nursing Effect of Individualized Nursing Intervention on Critically Ill Patients with Continuous Blood Purification

Objective:This paper aims to investigate the value of individualized care for critically ill patients receiving continuous blood purification therapy.Methods:89 cases of critically ill patients who were treated from June 2021 to June 2023 were randomly divided into groups,with individualized care in group A and routine care in group B.The differences in clinical indicators,purification effect,quality of life,and complications of blood purification were compared between the groups.Results:Heart rate,respiration,body temperature,and other indicators in group A were better than those in group B,P<0.05.C-reactive protein(CRP),β2-microglobulin(β2-MG),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),and phosphorus(P)in group A were lower than those in group B,P<0.05.Group A had higher quality of life than Group B,P<0.05.The complication rate of blood purification in Group A was lower than that in Group B,P<0.05.Conclusion:During continuous blood purification in critically ill patients,individualized nursing intervention can enhance the effect of blood purification,improve the physiological indicators of patients,and reduce the complications of blood purification,which is highly effective and feasible.

Observations on the Application of Nursing Risk Management in the Care of Critically Ill Patients in the Respiratory Unit

Objechive:Investigate the effectiveness of mursing risk management in the care of cntically ill patients in the respiratory umit.Methods:Among the cntically ill respiratory patients admitted to our hospital between May 2019 and April 2020,78 patients were randomly selected and divided into an observation group and a control group,each consisting of 39 patients.In the observation group.a mursing nisk management model was implemented,i.e,patients'clinical symptoms were observed at any time to monitor their treatment satisfaction and the effectiveness of their care and routine care was implemented for the control group.Results:The heart rate,respiratory rate,and pH of patients in the observation group were more stable than those in the control group,and their respiratory status was better,with differences in data.There was also sigmifcant statistical significance(P<0.05).The incidence of patient-provider disputes,unplanned extubation,and uplammed events were lower in the observation group conpared to the control group,and their data difference was satistically siguificant(P-0.05).The treatment satisfaction as well as the total effective rate of patients in the observation group was also much higher than that of the contol group,and there was also a statistically sigmificant difference in the data(P<0.05).Conclusion:The musing nisk management model has a significant therapeutic effect in the care of cnitically ill respiratory patients.Therefore,it is worth popularizing to use in the clinical mursing of respiratory cnitical patients.

Acceptance Process Model of Patients’ Life with Terminally Ill in Home Hospice and Development of a Narrative Approach for Nurses

The prime aim of this study was to find a psychological process model of patients with terminally ill in home hospice investigating the contents of a narrative, and the secondary aim was to create a narrative approach program for nurses. Ten patients narrated their thinking or feelings along with some prepared questions in two sessions. Patients’ narrative data were categorized by a qualitative analysis and 34 categories were chosen. They perceived good points in home hospice like “Being able to spend time freely”, “Close relationships with care staffs and strong confidence”, though they perceived trouble points like “Suffering from putting burden on the people around me” or “Worries about economic problems”. They perceived psychological changes through illness like “Having peace of mind and becoming kind” “Desire for a natural death”. Moreover they perceived their life like “Acceptance of one’s life including illness” “My life lived with satisfaction”. They regarded as important things such as “Spending life time usefully” “Feelings of my family members and of those around me”, and as hopes “Hope to leave my living proof” “Living left time to the fullest”. From these categories, we propose an acceptance model of patients’ life and a narrative program for nurses.

皮肤花斑评分在重症病人中应用的研究进展

总结皮肤花斑的病理生理学机制、皮肤花斑评分的评估标准和临床意义,以及在重症病人中的应用现状,以期为重症病人病情监测、临床诊疗与护理提供参考。

重症监护病房护理缺失现状及原因分析

目的:调查重症监护病房(ICU)内护理缺失现状并分析其原因,为减少ICU护理缺失,提升重症患者护理质量提供参考。方法:采用便利抽样法,于2023年12月1日至30日在湖南省5家医院选取305名ICU护士作为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表以及ICU护理缺失量表进行调查。结果:ICU护理缺失得分为(64.48±20.60)分,有91.8%的护士报告了他们在工作期间至少发现了一项护理缺失活动。其中缺失最多的项目为重症患者心理社会评估、早期康复、心理护理以及肌力和营养状况评估。ICU护理缺失受护士学历、职称、所在ICU类型的影响(P<0.05)。ICU护理缺失原因得分为(61.29±16.28)分,最主要的原因是护士人力资源不足。结论:护理缺失在ICU内发生率高,其发生受多种因素影响,提示护理管理者应重视ICU内护理缺失的发生现状及原因,并采取相应措施,进一步提高ICU护理质量。

老年危重症患者发生再喂养综合征的危险因素回归方程的构建及干预措施分析

目的构建老年危重症患者发生再喂养综合征(RFS)的危险因素回归方程,并分析相应的干预措施。方法回顾性分析2021年1月—2023年3月重症监护室(ICU)收治的154例老年危重症患者的临床资料,根据RFS发生情况分为RFS组51例和非RFS组103例。采用Logistic回归模型分析影响发生RFS的因素;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析预测因子对RFS的预测价值;构建并验证相关Logistic回归方程,拟定相关护理干预内容。结果老年危重症患者发生RFS与急性生理学和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、营养风险筛查2002(NRS2002)评分、有创机械通气、喂养前禁食时间、D-二聚体水平、营养摄入方式和喂养前血磷、血钾、血镁水平有相关性(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,APACHEⅡ评分、NRS2002评分、营养摄入方式和喂养前血磷、血钾水平均为影响老年危重症患者发生RFS的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,APACHEⅡ评分、NRS2002评分、营养摄入方式和喂养前血磷、血钾水平和联合预测因子预测老年危重症患者发生RFS的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.754、0.723、0.707、0.783、0.774和0.859(P<0.05)。发生RFS的Logistic回归方程为L=0.085×APACHEⅡ评分-0.337×NRS 2002评分+0.537×营养摄入方式-0.776×喂养前血磷水平-0.207×喂养前血钾水平+0.942。该方程预测价值良好,可根据方程拟定针对性的护理干预措施。结论危险因素回归方程可用于老年危重症患者RFS发生风险的临床预测,临床可根据回归方程制订相关护理干预措施,预防RFS的发生。

ECMO联合机械通气治疗危重症患者气道管理标准化护理程序的探讨

目的分析对于体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)联合机械通气治疗的危重症患者接受标准化护理程序气道管理的应用效果。方法选取2020年5月至2022至12月本院收治的ECMO联合机械通气治疗的危重症患者80例为研究对象,基于随机数字表法分组,分别接受气道常规护理与标准化护理程序气道管理,依次记为对照组(n=40)与观察组(n=40)。对比观察两组患者术后临床症状改善情况,包括机械通气时间、ECMO治疗时间、呼吸困难缓解时间、住院时间,血气指标包括氧分压、二氧化碳分压、氧合指数变化,同时还观察两组并发症发生率。结果观察组治疗后机械通气时间、EMCO治疗时间、呼吸困难缓解时间、住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组经干预后PaO_(2)与氧合指数表达水平高于对照组,PaCO_(2)表达水平低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在危重症患者接受ECMO联合机械通气治疗时,开展标准化护理程序气道管理,有助于促进患者病情转归,减少不良事件发生。

个性化护理策略在老年危重症患者人工气道管理中的应用

目的 探讨个性化护理策略在老年危重症患者人工气道管理中的应用效果。方法 选取2022年7—12月三明市第二医院重症医学科收治的急性呼吸衰竭和慢性呼吸衰竭加重期老年危重症患者140例为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组各70例,对照组采用常规护理方法,观察组采用个性化护理策略。比较两组患者人工气道管理效果。结果 观察组患者痰液引起的刺激性咳嗽、胃内容物反流及气道黏膜损伤发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);观察组患者人工气道堵管以及医院获得性肺部感染发生率均低于对照组,吸痰间隔时间长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 个性化护理策略在老年危重症患者气道管理中的效果显著,可降低并发症发生率,提高护理质量,值得临床应用。

ICU患者再喂养综合征风险预测模型的研究进展

再喂养综合征(refeeding syndrome,RFS)在重症患者中发生率较高,严重影响患者的康复和预后。通过对再喂养综合征的风险因素和风险预测模型进行综述,发现其风险因素包括患者相关因素、治疗相关因素和疾病相关因素三个方面;风险预测模型包括风险分层模型、风险评分模型和Logistic回归模型。预防RFS的发生重点在于早期评估,但目前尚缺乏预测效能良好的RFS风险预测模型。关注营养和血清学指标等多方面因素对RFS的预防有着重要意义,未来需开展前瞻性、多中心研究,以构建预测效能良好的ICU患者RFS风险预测模型,为RFS高危人群的早期评估和早期干预提供参考。

经口气管插管患者口腔黏膜压力性损伤风险预测模型的构建及验证

目的构建并验证经口气管插管患者发生口腔黏膜压力性损伤的风险预测模型。方法纳入2022年12月至2023年7月浙江省某三级甲等医院ICU的400例经口气管插管患者为模型训练集,2023年8-10月的152例为模型外部验证集。采用logistic回归筛选口腔黏膜压力性损伤的预测变量。绘制受试者工作特征曲线下面积、校准曲线和临床决策曲线来评估预测模型的预测性能。采用Bootstrap法对模型进行内部验证。结果logistic回归结果显示,年龄、躁动-镇静程度量表评分、急性生理与慢性健康评分Ⅱ、血清白蛋白水平、气管插管操作者、气管导管固定方式和人工气道留置时间是口腔黏膜压力性损伤的影响因素(P<0.05)。训练集和验证集的受试者工作特征曲线下面积分别为0.913(95%CI:0.873~0.954)和0.956(95%CI:0.922~0.981);Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果表明,模型预测值与实际值吻合较好,模型校准度较好(χ^(2)=1.702,P=0.427)。Bootstrap法重抽样结果显示,受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.908(95%CI:0.852~1.105),灵敏度为94.9%,特异度为60.8%,准确率为83.7%。结论本研究构建的风险预测模型具有较好的区分度、校准度和临床应用价值,可为精准识别经口气管插管患者口腔黏膜压力性损伤高风险人群提供参考依据。

急诊科危重症患者院内转运不良事件的风险预测模型构建

目的分析急诊科危重症患者院内转运不良事件风险因素,构建风险预测模型。方法采用方便抽样法选取2021年10月至2023年2月某院急诊科进行院内转运的870例危重症患者的临床资料,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析建立风险预测模型,以受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)评价模型预测效果。结果英国国家早期预警评分(national early warning score,NEWS)、血氧饱和度、急诊B超、血管活性药物、机械通气是急诊科危重症患者发生病情不良事件的独立风险因素;血氧饱和度、携氧装置、Ⅲ类管路、护工参与转运是技术不良事件的独立风险因素(均P<0.05)。AUC分别为0.813,0.756。结论构建的急诊科危重症患者院内转运不良事件风险预测模型具有一定的参考价值。

危重症患者肠内营养中断预防及管理的最佳证据总结

目的总结危重症患者肠内营养喂养中断预防及管理最佳证据,为防范肠内营养喂养中断提供指引。方法以循证护理方法学构建护理问题,按照“6S”证据模型检索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate、JBI循证卫生保健中心数据库、欧洲临床营养与代谢学会、美国肠外肠内营养学会、医脉通(指南版)、PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据、中国生物医学文献等数据库中关于危重症患者肠内营养喂养中断预防及管理相关主题的文献,检索时限为建库至2023年6月10日。由2名研究者独立对纳入的文献进行评价和证据提取。结果共纳入34篇研究,总结了23条最佳证据,包括肠内营养中断定义、肠内营养启动时机、肠内营养评估与监测、肠内营养中断原因、肠内营养中断时机、预防和管理肠内营养中断策略、培训与教育7个方面。结论本研究总结的危重症患者肠内营养中断预防及管理的最佳证据,可为临床医护人员分析肠内营养中断原因、制定临床肠内营养中断干预方案提供循证依据。

ICU成人患者静脉血管通路装置评估与选择的最佳证据总结

目的系统检索、评价并整合ICU成人患者静脉血管通路装置评估与选择的最佳证据。方法依据PIPOST确立循证问题,按照“6S”金字塔模型系统检索相关数据库中ICU成人患者血管通路装置评估与适宜性选择的相关决策、指南、专家共识、证据总结、推荐实践、系统评价及原始研究等。检索时间为2018年6月1日至2023年6月1日。由2名经过循证护理培训的研究者对纳入文献独立进行文献质量评价与证据提取。结果共纳入14篇文献,其中临床决策3篇,证据总结1篇,指南4篇,专家共识4篇,随机对照试验2篇。共提取9个主题总结出34条最佳证据。结论ICU成人患者血管通路装置评估与选择的最佳证据总结可以为医护人员临床决策提供借鉴,但临床情境复杂多样,应根据患者病情变化及其自身情况适当调整选择策略。

ICU联络护士服务在重症病人中应用的研究进展

对重症监护病房(ICU)联络护士服务在重症病人中应用的研究进展进行综述,为ICU联络护士服务的进一步开展提供参考。

重症患者失禁性皮炎预防管理的研究进展

阐述了重症患者失禁性皮炎的危险因素及预防管理措施。除一般危险因素外,危重疾病本身也是失禁性皮炎发展的风险因素。重症患者失禁性皮炎的预防管理主要包括基于信息化平台构建失禁性皮炎预防管理系统,基于循证制定预防管理干预措施,以及借助新型敷料与药物实现多元化皮肤干预。提出重症患者失禁性皮炎的预防管理较为复杂,需要临床护理人员进行持续深入探索。

体外膜肺氧合患者功能锻炼的最佳证据总结

目的总结体外膜肺氧合患者功能锻炼的最佳证据,为制定科学的体外膜肺氧合患者功能锻炼方案提供参考。方法系统检索国内外相关指南网站、循证数据库、相关协会网站及学术文献数据库等关于体外膜肺氧合患者功能锻炼的相关证据。检索时限为建库至2023年6月。由2名经过循证医学方法学培训的研究人员对所纳入的文献进行质量评价。结果共纳入12篇文献,包括指南2篇,系统评价5篇,专家共识3篇,随机对照试验2篇。最终提取出了前期准备、评估、运动方法和安全监测4个方面共35条最佳证据。结论总结的最佳证据可为开展体外膜肺氧合患者功能锻炼提供依据,从而为患者提供个性化的康复训练方案。

标准化护理预防危重症机械通气患者ICU综合征的效果研究

目的:探讨标准化护理流程预防危重症机械通气患者ICU综合征的应用价值。方法:选择2022年4月至2023年4月于山东大学齐鲁医院接受治疗的危重症机械通气患者66例,随机分组为对照组与观察组,每组33例,对照组采取常规护理,观察组采取标准化护理,对比两组不同护理方案在预防ICU综合征中的应用效果。结果:观察组护理后的ICU环境压力源量表评分低于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05);观察组ICU入住时间、机械通气时间、ICU综合征症状持续时间、住院时间均短于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05),具有统计学意义。结论:标准化护理对危重症机械通气患者ICU综合征有积极的预防效果,可缩短患者病程,帮助患者尽快出院。

全球重症病人早期康复研究热点的可视化分析

目的:探讨全球近10年重症病人早期康复的研究现状、热点及前沿,梳理该领域的发展脉络,为相关研究提供参考。方法:收集2012—2023年Web of Science核心数据库收录的重症病人早期康复领域相关文献,运用SPSS 26.0软件对年发文量进行统计分析,采用VOSviewer及CiteSpace软件对发文作者、机构以及国家绘制知识图谱。结果:共筛选出重症病人早期康复相关论文1672篇,发文量呈逐年上升趋势。发文量最多的作者为Needham D;最多的国家是美国;主要研究机构为高等院校,部分机构间合作交流密切;研究热点及前沿集中在重症病人早期康复的效果、死亡率、重症监护、锻炼、治疗、镇静镇痛,并聚焦于早期康复的障碍与促进因素。结论:近10年全球重症病人早期康复的发文量逐年增加,但ICU内的早期康复实施起来仍存在很多困难,后续尚需国内外专家、学者共同努力,根据研究热点及前沿进行更深入的临床研究,多学科协作共同提高重症病人的康复质量。