With the increasing demand for data traffic and with the massive foreseen deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT), higher data rates and capacity are required in mobile networks. While Heterogeneous Networks (HetNe...With the increasing demand for data traffic and with the massive foreseen deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT), higher data rates and capacity are required in mobile networks. While Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) are under study toward 5G technology, Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) Access Points (APs) are considered a potential layer within those multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs). For this purpose, we have proposed in this paper a novel WiFi dimensioning method, to offload data traffic from Long Term Evolution (LTE) to WiFi, by transferring the LTE energy consuming heavy users, to the WiFi network. First, we have calculated the remaining available capacity of the WiFi network based on the estimated load of each WiFi physical channel using the overlapping characteristic of the channels. Then, we were able through this dimensioning method, to calculate the minimum needed number of WiFi APs that ensure the same or better throughput for the LTE transferred users. By this method, we have ensured additional capacity in the LTE network with minimum investment cost in the WiFi network. Finally, we have estimated the profit sharing between LTE and WiFi by considering data bundles subscription revenues and the infrastructure capital and operational costs. We have calculated for each network the profit share using a coalition game theory Shapley value that pinpoints the benefit of the cooperation using the proposed dimensioning method.展开更多
末端分散式资源的需求响应(demand response,DR)是支撑电力系统灵活调节的重要形式,但末端资源通常规模大且单体容量小,迫切需要虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)等市场主体进行聚合代理,从而间接参与电网公司的调节服务。聚焦于准线...末端分散式资源的需求响应(demand response,DR)是支撑电力系统灵活调节的重要形式,但末端资源通常规模大且单体容量小,迫切需要虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)等市场主体进行聚合代理,从而间接参与电网公司的调节服务。聚焦于准线型需求响应这一新兴的响应模式,重点研究VPP内部分散式资源的利益-风险互动协调策略,提出面向准线型DR的VPP两阶段优化及收益共享-风险共担决策方法,构建VPP与电网、内部用户互动协调新模式。首先,在准线型激励下VPP以整体收益最大化为目标,考虑柔性负荷响应积极度与新能源准确度因子,进行日前-日内两阶段DR优化;其次,在收益共享-风险共担决策方法下,VPP与柔性负荷共享准线型激励、与新能源共担不确定性风险,并以改进的Shapley法对内部柔性负荷进行利益分配。仿真结果表明,相较于传统DR,准线型DR给出全时段响应目标,更具有优越性;共享-共担决策吸引柔性负荷参与VPP调节,促使VPP与用户双赢。展开更多
基金Manuscript received March 5, 2010 accepted March 2, 2011 Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （61004103）, National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China （20100111110005）, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （20090460742）, and Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province of China （090412058, 11040606Q44）
文摘With the increasing demand for data traffic and with the massive foreseen deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT), higher data rates and capacity are required in mobile networks. While Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) are under study toward 5G technology, Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) Access Points (APs) are considered a potential layer within those multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs). For this purpose, we have proposed in this paper a novel WiFi dimensioning method, to offload data traffic from Long Term Evolution (LTE) to WiFi, by transferring the LTE energy consuming heavy users, to the WiFi network. First, we have calculated the remaining available capacity of the WiFi network based on the estimated load of each WiFi physical channel using the overlapping characteristic of the channels. Then, we were able through this dimensioning method, to calculate the minimum needed number of WiFi APs that ensure the same or better throughput for the LTE transferred users. By this method, we have ensured additional capacity in the LTE network with minimum investment cost in the WiFi network. Finally, we have estimated the profit sharing between LTE and WiFi by considering data bundles subscription revenues and the infrastructure capital and operational costs. We have calculated for each network the profit share using a coalition game theory Shapley value that pinpoints the benefit of the cooperation using the proposed dimensioning method.
文摘末端分散式资源的需求响应(demand response,DR)是支撑电力系统灵活调节的重要形式,但末端资源通常规模大且单体容量小,迫切需要虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)等市场主体进行聚合代理,从而间接参与电网公司的调节服务。聚焦于准线型需求响应这一新兴的响应模式,重点研究VPP内部分散式资源的利益-风险互动协调策略,提出面向准线型DR的VPP两阶段优化及收益共享-风险共担决策方法,构建VPP与电网、内部用户互动协调新模式。首先,在准线型激励下VPP以整体收益最大化为目标,考虑柔性负荷响应积极度与新能源准确度因子,进行日前-日内两阶段DR优化;其次,在收益共享-风险共担决策方法下,VPP与柔性负荷共享准线型激励、与新能源共担不确定性风险,并以改进的Shapley法对内部柔性负荷进行利益分配。仿真结果表明,相较于传统DR,准线型DR给出全时段响应目标,更具有优越性;共享-共担决策吸引柔性负荷参与VPP调节,促使VPP与用户双赢。
