Prognostic nutritional index in predicting survival of patients with gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: A systematic review

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of cancer related death worldwide.Surgery with or without chemotherapy is the most common approach with curative intent;however,the prognosis is poor as mortality rates remain high.Several indexes have been proposed in the past few years in order to estimate the survival of patients undergoing gastrectomy.The preoperative nutritional status of gastric cancer patients has recently gained attention as a factor that could affect the postoperative course and various indexes have been developed.The aim of this systematic review was to assess the role of the prognostic nutritional index(PNI)in predicting the survival of patients with gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma who underwent gastrectomy with curative intent.AIM To investigate the role of PNI in predicting the survival of patients with gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.METHODS A thorough literature search of PubMed and the Cochrane library was performed for studies comparing the overall survival(OS)of patients with gastric or gastroesophageal cancer after surgical resection depending on the preoperative PNI value.The PRISMA algorithm was used in the screening process and finally 16 studies were included in this systematic review.The review protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews(PRO) RESULTS Sixteen studies involving 14551 patients with gastric or esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma undergoing open or laparoscopic or robotic gastrectomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy were included in this systematic review.The patients were divided into high-and low-PNI groups according to cut-off values that were set according to previous reports or by using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in each individual study.The 5-year OS of patients in the low-PNI groups ranged between 39%and 70.6%,while in the high-PNI groups,it ranged between 54.9%and 95.8%.In most of the included studies,patients with high preoperative PNI showed statistically significant better OS than the low PNI groups.In multivariate analyses,low PNI was repeatedly recognised as an independent prognostic factor for poor survival.CONCLUSION According to the present study,low preoperative PNI seems to be an indicator of poor OS of patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric or gastroesophageal cancer.

Preoperative prognostic nutritional index predicts long-term outcomes of patients with ampullary adenocarcinoma after curative pancreatoduodenectomy

BACKGROUND The prognostic nutritional index(PNI),a marker of immune-nutrition balance,has predictive value for the survival and prognosis of patients with various cancers.AIM To explore the clinical significance of the preoperative PNI on the prognosis of ampullary adenocarcinoma(AC)patients who underwent curative pancreaticoduodenectomy.METHODS The data concerning 233 patients diagnosed with ACs were extracted and analyzed at our institution from January 1998 to December 2020.All patients were categorized into low and high PNI groups based on the cutoff value determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.We compared disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)between these groups and assessed prognostic factors through univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTS The optimal cutoff value for the PNI was established at 45.3.Patients with a PNI≥45.3 were categorized into the PNI-high group,while those with a PNI<45.3 were assigned to the PNI-low group.Patients within the PNI-low group tended to be of advanced age and exhibited higher levels of aspartate transaminase and total bilirubin and a lower creatinine level than were those in the PNI-high group.The 5-year OS rates for patients with a PNI≥45.3 and a PNI<45.3 were 61.8%and 43.4%,respectively,while the 5-year DFS rates were 53.5%and 38.3%,respectively.Patients in the PNI-low group had shorter OS(P=0.006)and DFS(P=0.012).In addition,multivariate analysis revealed that the PNI,pathological T stage and pathological N stage were found to be independent prognostic factors for both OS and DFS.CONCLUSION The PNI is a straightforward and valuable marker for predicting long-term survival after pancreatoduodenectomy.The PNI should be incorporated into the standard assessment of patients with AC.

Systemic Inflammation Response Index and weight loss as prognostic factors in metastatic pancreatic cancer: A concept study from the PANTHEIA-SEOM trial

BACKGROUND The prognostic value of the Systemic Inflammation Response Index(SIRI)in advanced pancreatic cancer is recognized,but its correlation with patients´nutritional status and outcomes remains unexplored.AIM To study the prognostic significance of SIRI and weight loss in metastatic pancreatic cancer.METHODS The PANTHEIA-Spanish Society of Medical Oncology(SEOM)study is a multicentric(16 Spanish hospitals),observational,longitudinal,non-interventional initiative,promoted by the SEOM Real World-Evidence work group.This pilot study sought to analyze the association between weight loss and inflammatory status as defined by SIRI.The cohort stems from a proof-of-concept pilot study conducted at one of the coordinating centers.Patients with pathologically confirmed metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma,treated from January 2020 to January 2023,were included.The index was calculated using the product of neutrophil and monocyte counts,divided by lymphocyte counts,obtained within 15 days before initiation chemotherapy.This study evaluated associations between overall survival(OS),SIRI and weight loss.RESULTS A total of 50 patients were included.66%of these patients were male and the median age was 66 years.Metastasis sites:36%liver,12%peritoneal carcinomatosis,10%lung,and 42%multiple locations.Regarding the first line palliative chemotherapy treatments:50%received gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel;28%,modified fluorouracil,leucovorin,irinotecan and oxaliplatin,and 16%were administered gemcitabine.42%had a weight loss>5%in the three months(mo)preceding diagnosis.21 patients with a SIRI≥2.3×10^(3)/L exhibited a trend towards a lower median OS compared to those with a SIRI<2.3×10^(3)/L(4 vs 18 mo;P<0.000).Among 21 patients with>5%weight loss before diagnosis,the median OS was 6 mo,in contrast to 19 mo for those who did not experience such weight loss(P=0.003).Patients with a weight loss>5%showed higher SIRI levels.This difference was statistically significant(P<0.000).For patients with a SIRI<2.3×10^(3)/L,those who did not lose>5%of their weight had an OS of 20 mo,compared to 11 mo for those who did(P<0.001).No association was found between carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels≥1000 U/mL and weight loss.CONCLUSION A higher SIRI was correlated with decreased survival rates in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer and associated with weight loss.An elevated SIRI is suggested as a predictor of survival,emphasizing the need for prospective validation in the upcoming PANTHEIA-SEOM study.

Prognostic value of preoperative immune-nutritional scoring systems in remnant gastric cancer patients undergoing surgery

BACKGROUND Remnant gastric cancer(GC)is defined as GC that occurs five years or more after gastrectomy.Systematically evaluating the preoperative immune and nutritional status of patients and analyzing its prognostic impact on postoperative remnant gastric cancer(RGC)patients are crucial.A simple scoring system that combines multiple immune or nutritional indicators to identify nutritional or immune status before surgery is necessary.AIM To evaluate the value of preoperative immune-nutritional scoring systems in predicting the prognosis of patients with RGC.METHODS The clinical data of 54 patients with RGC were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Prognostic nutritional index(PNI),controlled nutritional status(CONUT),and Naples prognostic score(NPS)were calculated by preoperative blood indicators,including absolute lymphocyte count,lymphocyte to monocyte ratio,neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,serum albumin,and serum total cholesterol.Patients with RGC were divided into groups according to the immune-nutritional risk.The relationship between the three preoperative immune-nutritional scores and clinical characteristics was analyzed.Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to analyze the difference in overall survival(OS)rate between various immune-nutritional score groups.RESULTS The median age of this cohort was 70.5 years(ranging from 39 to 87 years).No significant correlation was found between most pathological features and immune-nutritional status(P>0.05).Patients with a PNI score<45,CONUT score or NPS score≥3 were considered to be at high immune-nutritional risk.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of PNI,CONUT,and NPS systems for predicting postoperative survival were 0.611[95%confidence interval(CI):0.460–0.763;P=0.161],0.635(95%CI:0.485–0.784;P=0.090),and 0.707(95%CI:0.566–0.848;P=0.009),respectively.Cox regression analysis showed that the three immunenutritional scoring systems were significantly correlated with OS(PNI:P=0.002;CONUT:P=0.039;NPS:P<0.001).Survival analysis revealed a significant difference in OS between different immune-nutritional groups(PNI:75 mo vs 42 mo,P=0.001;CONUT:69 mo vs 48 mo,P=0.033;NPS:77 mo vs 40 mo,P<0.001).CONCLUSION These preoperative immune-nutritional scores are reliable multidimensional prognostic scoring systems for predicting the prognosis of patients with RGC,in which the NPS system has relatively effective predictive performance.

Prognostic nutritional index predicts postoperative complications and long-term outcomes of gastric cancer

AIM:To investigate the impact of prognostic nutritional index(PNI)on the postoperative complications and long-term outcomes in gastric cancer patients undergoing total gastrectomy.METHODS:The data for 386 patients with gastric cancer were extracted and analyzed between January2003 and December 2008 in our center.The patients were divided into two groups according to the cutoff value of the PNI:those with a PNI≥46 and those with a PNI<46.Clinicopathological features were compared between the two groups and potential prognostic factors were analyzed.The relationship between postoperative complications and PNI was analyzed by logistic regression.The univariate and multivariate hazard ratios were calculated using the Cox proportional hazard model.RESULTS:The optimal cutoff value of the PNI was set at 46,and patients with a PNI≥46 and those with a PNI<46 were classified into PNI-high and PNI-low groups,respectively.Patients in the PNI-low group were more likely to have advanced tumor(T),node(N),and TNM stages than patients in the PNI-high group.The low PNI is an independent risk factor for the incidence of postoperative complications(OR=2.223).The 5-year overall survival(OS)rates were 54.1%and21.1%for patients with a PNI≥46 and those with a PNI<46,respectively.The OS rates were significantly lower in the PNI-low group than in the PNI-high group among patients with stagesⅡ(P=0.001)andⅢ(P<0.001)disease.CONCLUSION:The PNI is a simple and useful marker not only to identify patients at increased risk for postoperative complications,but also to predict long-term survival after total gastrectomy.The PNI should be included in the routine assessment of advanced gastric cancer patients.

Prognostic nutritional index is an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination

Objective： The predictive and prognostic role of prognostic nutritional index（PNI） in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination remains unclear. This study aims to explore the role of the PNI in predicting outcomes of gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination.Methods： A total of 660 patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma with peritoneal metastasis between January 2000 and April 2014 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yatsen University were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathologic characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with peritoneal dissemination were analyzed.Results： Compared with PNI-high group, PNI-low group was correlated with advanced age（P=0.036）, worse performance status（P0.001）, higher frequency of ascites（P0.001） and higher frequency of multisite distant metastasis（P0.001）. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that PNI-high group had a significantly longer median overall survival than PNI-low group（13.13 vs. 9.03 months, P0.001）. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that Borrmann type IV（P=0.014）, presence of ascites（P=0.017） and lower PNI（P=0.041） were independent poor prognostic factors, and palliative surgery（P0.001） and first-line chemotherapy（P0.001） were good prognostic factors. For patients receiving palliative surgery, the postoperative morbidity rates in the PNI-low group and PNIhigh group were 9.1% and 9.9%, respectively（P=0.797）. The postoperative mortality rate was not significantly different between PNI-low and PNI-high groups（2.3% vs. 0.9%, P=0.362）.Conclusions： PNI is a useful and practical tool for evaluating the nutritional status of gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination, and is an independent prognostic factor for these patients.

Novel immunological and nutritional-based prognostic index for gastric cancer

AIM: To assess the prognostic significance of immunological and nutritional-based indices, including the prognostic nutritional index(PNI), neutrophillymphocyte ratio(NLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in gastric cancer.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 632 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy between1998 and 2008. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated to compare the predictive ability of the indices, together with estimating the sensitivity, specificity and agreement rate.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for overall survival(OS). Propensity score analysis was performed to adjust variables to control for selection bias.RESULTS: Each index could predict OS in gastric cancer patients in univariate analysis, but only PNI had independent prognostic significance in multivariate analysis before and after adjustment with propensity scoring(hazard ratio, 1.668; 95% confidence interval:1.368-2.035). In subgroup analysis, a low PNI predicted a significantly shorter OS in patients with stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ disease(P = 0.019, P < 0.001), T3-T4 tumors(P <0.001), or lymph node metastasis(P < 0.001). Canton score, a combination of PNI, NLR, and platelet, was a better indicator for OS than PNI, with the largest area under the curve for 12-, 36-, 60-mo OS and overall OS(P = 0.022, P = 0.030, P < 0.001, and P = 0.024,respectively). The maximum sensitivity, specificity, and agreement rate of Canton score for predicting prognosis were 84.6%, 34.9%, and 70.1%, respectively.CONCLUSION: PNI is an independent prognostic factor for OS in gastric cancer. Canton score can be a novel preoperative prognostic index in gastric cancer.

Prognostic value of preoperative prognostic nutritional index and its associations with systemic inflammatory response markers in patients with stage Ⅲ colon cancer

Background: The prognostic nutritional index(PNI) has been widely applied for predicting survival outcomes of patients with various malignant tumors. Although a low PNI predicts poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer after tumor resection, the prognostic value remains unknown in patients with stage Ⅲ colon cancer undergoing curative tumor resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of PNI in patients with stage III colon cancer.Methods: Medical records of 274 consecutive patients with stage Ⅲ colon cancer undergoing curative tumor resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and capecitabine between December 2007 and December2013 were reviewed. The optimal PNI cutoff value was determined using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis. The associations of PNI with systemic inflammatory response markers, including lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR), and C-reactive protein(CRP)level, and clinicopathologic characteristics were assessed using the Chi square or Fisher's exact test. Correlation analysis was performed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Disease-free survival(DFS) and overall survival(OS)stratified by PNI were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, and prognostic factors were identified by Cox regression analyses.Results: The preoperative PNI was positively correlated with LMR(r= 0.483, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with NLR(r =-0.441, P < 0.001), PLR(r =-0.607, P < 0.001), and CRP level(r =-0.333, P < 0.001). A low PNI(≤49.22)was significantly associated with short OS and DFS in patients with stage ⅢC colon cancer but not in patients with stage ⅢA/ⅢB colon cancer.In addition, patients with a low PNI achieved a longer OS and DFS after being treated with6-8 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy than did those with < 6 cycles. Multivariate analyses revealed that PNI was independently associated with DFS(hazard ratios 2.001; 95% confidence interval 1.157-3.462; P = 0.013).Conclusion: The present study identified preoperative PNI as a valuable predictor for survival outcomes in patients with stage Ⅲ colon cancer receiving curative tumor resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.

Correlation of serum albumin and prognostic nutritional index with outcomes following pancreaticoduodenectomy

BACKGROUND Pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD) is a complex surgical procedure with a high morbidity rate. The serious complications are major risk factors for poor longterm surgical outcome. Studies have reported an association between early postoperative prognostic nutritional index(PNI) and prediction of severe complications after abdominal surgery. However, there have been no studies on the use of early postoperative PNI for predicting serious complications following PD.AIM To analyze the risk factors and early postoperative PNI for predicting severe complications following PD.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 238 patients who underwent PD at our hospital between January 2007 and December 2017. The postoperative complications were classified according to the Dindo-Clavien classification. Grade Ⅲ-Ⅴ postoperative complications were classified as serious. The risk factors for serious complications were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Overall complications were detected in 157 of 238 patients(65.9%) who underwent PD. The grade Ⅲ-Ⅴ complication rate was 26.47%(63/238 patients).The mortality rate was 3.7%(9/238 patients). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative serum albumin [odds ratio(OR): 0.883, 95%confidence interval(CI): 0.80-0.96; P < 0.01] and PNI on postoperative day 3 <40.5(OR: 2.77, 95%CI: 1.21-6.38, P < 0.05) were independent factors associated with grade Ⅲ-Ⅴ postoperative complications.CONCLUSION Perioperative albumin is an important factor associated with serious complications following PD. Low early postoperative PNI(< 40.5) is a predictor for serious complications.

GNRI、PNI、PAB与老年髋部骨折营养风险和营养不良预后的关系研究

目的探讨老年营养风险指数(GNRI)、预后营养指数(PNI)、前白蛋白(PAB)水平与老年髋部骨折营养风险和营养不良预后的关系。方法选取2020年1月—2022年12月240例老年髋部骨折,收集临床资料,术后随访1年,根据营养风险筛查评分分为营养风险组(≥3分)、营养正常组(<3分),对比手术前后PAB、GNRI、PNI水平,分析PAB与GNRI、PNI的相关性。根据再喂养综合征发生情况分为预后良好组和预后不良组,受试者工作特征曲线分析术前PAB、GNRI、PNI及联合对患者营养不良预后预测价值。结果营养风险组术前及术后3、6、9、12个月PAB、GNRI、PNI水平均低于营养正常组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。术前及术后3、6、9、12个月PAB均与对应时间点的PNI、GNRI呈明显正相关性(P<0.05,P<0.01)。预后不良组术前及术后3、6、9、12个月PAB、GNRI、PNI水平均低于预后良好组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。各指标联合预测老年髋部骨折预后不良的曲线下面积(0.835)大于术前PAB、GNRI、PNI单独预测的曲线下面积(0.623、0.615、0.623)。结论GNRI、PNI、PAB水平与老年髋部骨折营养风险和预后密切相关,对预后营养不良具有一定预测价值。

Onodera's Prognostic Nutritional Index is a novel and useful prognostic marker for gastrointestinal stromal tumors

BACKGROUND Immunoinflammatory markers such as the peripheral blood neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio(NLR)and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)have gained considerable attention as prognostic markers in gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs).AIM To assess the prognostic value of Onodera’s Prognostic Nutritional Index(OPNI)for GISTs.METHODS All patients who had undergone surgical resection for a primary,localized GIST from 2009 to 2016 at our cancer center were initially and retrospectively identified.Recurrence-free survival(RFS)was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test.We used multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models to identify associations with outcome variables.RESULTS A total of 235 GISTs were identified and included for analysis under our inclusion criteria.Univariate and multivariate analyses both identified the OPNI as an independent prognostic marker,and the OPNI was associated with the primary site,tumor size,mitotic index,tumor rupture,necrosis,and modified NIH risk classification.Low OPNI(<51.30;hazard ratio=5.852;95% confidence interval:1.072–31.964;P=0.0414)was associated with worse RFS.The 2-and 5-year RFS rates of the patients with a low OPNI were 92.83% and 76.22%,respectively,whereas 100% and 98.41% were achieved by the patients with a high OPNI.CONCLUSION The preoperative OPNI is a novel and useful prognostic marker for GISTs.

肝脓肿致脓毒症的危险因素分析及基于PNI、SII预测模型的建立与验证

目的:探讨肝脓肿致脓毒症的危险因素,并基于预后营养指数(prognostic nutrition index,PNI)、全身免疫炎症指数(systemic immune inflammation index,SII)构建列线图预测模型。方法:回顾性选取2021年1月~2023年12月收治于海南医学院第二附属医院主要诊断为细菌性肝脓肿的215例患者作为研究对象,根据其是否发生脓毒症分为脓毒症组(n=71例)和非脓毒症组(n=144例),收集患者的临床资料并进行比较。计算患者的PNI值及SII值,通过绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线预测肝脓肿患者并发脓毒症的最佳界值,转化为二分类变量;应用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析筛选影响肝脓肿患者并发脓毒症的独立预测因子,并构建列线图预测模型;通过进一步绘制预测模型的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)、校准曲线及决策曲线分析(DCA),评价预测模型效能和临床实用性。结果:215例细菌性肝脓肿患者中,未行肝脓肿穿刺70例(70/215)、行穿刺培养但病原学阴性8例(8/215)、行穿刺培养且病原学阳性137例(137/215);其中肺炎克雷伯菌114例(114/137),为本研究中肝脓肿患者最常见的菌株;经ROC曲线分析,PNI诊断肝脓肿患者并发脓毒症的AUC为0.760(95%CI:0.697~0.816),敏感度、特异度分别为0.803、0.681(P<0.05);SII的AUC为0.756,(95%CI:0.693~0.812),敏感度、特异度分别为0.732、0.722(P<0.05);单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,影响肝脓肿患者并发脓毒症的6个独立预测因子(P<0.05),包括性别、PNI、SII、治疗方法、糖尿病,以上述5个预测因子构建的列线图模型预测肝脓肿患者并发脓毒症风险,列线图ROC曲线分析结果显示,该模型的AUC分别为0.886(95%CI:0.837~0.934),相对应的灵敏度、特异度为0.845、0.806。结论:肝脓肿中以肺炎克雷伯菌最为常见,性别为男性,患有糖尿病、PCT值>10 ng/mL、SII升高是肝脓肿患者发生脓毒症的危险因素,而抗感染联合脓肿穿刺引流、PNI值升高为患者的保护因素。基于本研究构建的列线图预测模型对肝脓肿患者并发脓毒症具有较好的准确性、校准度和临床实用性。

LSM、PNI、Mayo评分对PBC相关肝硬化的预测价值

目的:探讨肝脏弹性硬度(liver stiffness measurements,LSM)、预后营养指数(prognostic nutritional index,PNI)、Mayo评分在原发性胆汁性胆管炎(primary biliary cholangitis,PBC)相关肝硬化中的预测价值。方法:收集2019年1月—2022年8月在南通大学附属南通第三医院住院诊治的239例PBC患者的临床资料,其中胆管炎组123例,肝硬化组116例。计算PNI、Mayo评分,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响PBC患者病情进展的危险因素,ROC曲线评估其预测效能。结果:肝硬化组患者的碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、总胆汁酸(total bile acid,TBA)、肌酐(creatinine,Cr)、IgM、抗gp210抗体阳性率、LSM、Mayo评分均高于胆管炎组(均P<0.05);肝硬化组的PNI低于胆管炎组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,LSM、IgM、抗gp210抗体、PNI、Mayo评分是影响PBC患者肝硬化进程的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,LSM与Mayo评分呈正相关(r=0.224,P<0.001),PNI与Mayo评分呈负相关(r=-0.759,P<0.001)。LSM、PNI、Mayo评分的AUC分别为0.776、0.839、0.818,三者联合预测模型的AUC为0.914。结论:LSM、PNI、Mayo评分对PBC相关肝硬化有较好的预测价值,三者联合预测价值更高。

The Values of the Prognostic Nutrition Index and the Patient Generated-Subjective Global Assessment during the Nutritional Assessment of Patients with Gastrointestinal Tumors

Objective To compare the value and consistency among the Patient Generated-Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA)and the Prognostic Nutrition Index(PNI)for assessing nutritional status in gastrointestinal tumor patients.Methods 251 patients from gastric cancer surgical ward from January 2019 to January 2020 were recruited through convenience sampling in this respective study.Nutritional screening and assessment were conducted for 251 gastrointestinal tumor patients using the nutritional risk screening 2002(NRS 2002)PG-SGA,and the PNI.PNI was calculated using the serum albumin level and the total lymphocyte count obtained from the patients’routine laboratory examination when they were admitted to the hospital.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)of the PG SGA and the PNI were plotted with the NRS 2002 used as the gold standard,and the diagnostic value of the PG-SGA and PNI was reflected by the area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity,specificity and Youden index.We then determined the optimal cut-off for the PNI and tested the consistency of the PG-SGA and PNI.Results The optimal cut-off point for the PNI was calculated to be 50.78.The AUC of the PG-SGA was 0.908(95%CI 0.871-0.944).The sensitivity was 89.9%,specificity was 76.2%and the Youden index was 0.661.The AUC of the PNI was 0.594(95%CI 0.516-0.572).The sensitivity was 73.8%,specificity was 44.3%and the Youden index was 0.181.In the consistency test,the kappa value was 0.838(P<0.001).Conclusion The PNI is of limited value for assessing malnutrition,although it did have good consistency with the PG-SGA.The combination of the PNI and PG-SGA can be used for diagnosing assessing malnutrition in clinical practice.

Novel prognostic factors after radical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: Updating an old issue

In this editorial,I comment on the article by Li et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery in 2023,investigating the role of some novel prognostic factors for early survival after radical resection of liver cancer.Liver cancer is an important burden among Asian and Western popu-lations,despite recent advances in both medicine(from virus eradication to systemic target therapies)and surgery.However,survival after proven radical surgery remains poor,with recurrences being the rule.Many prognostic scores have been developed and validated to select those patients who will best benefit from radical liver surgery,although the final general and oncological outcomes continue to be highly jeopardized.Unfortunately,no single biomarker can resolve all these issues for hepatocellular carcinoma,and it remains to be proven whether some of them main-tain predictive power in the long-term follow-up.In the ongoing era of“preci-sion”medicine,the novel prognostic markers,including immune inflammatory and nutritional indexes could be of great help in better stratify surgical candi-dates.

Evaluation of the prognostic nutritional index for the prognosis of Chinese patients with high/extremely high-risk prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy

BACKGROUND The incidence of prostate cancer(PCa)is on the rise in China.The risk level of patients with PCa is associated with disease-free survival rate at 10 years after radical prostatectomy.Predicting prognosis in advance according to the degree of risk can provide a reference for patients,especially treatment options and postoperative adjuvant treatment measures for high-risk/extremely high-risk patients.AIM To explore the predictive value of the prognostic nutritional index(PNI)for biological recurrence in Chinese patients with high/extremely high-risk PCa after radical prostatectomy.METHODS The biochemical test results and clinical data of 193 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for the first time from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively collected.The PNI value of peripheral blood within 1 wk before surgery was calculated,and during the follow-up period,prostate-specific antigen≥0.2 ng/mL was considered to have biological recurrence.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to calculate the optimal critical value and area under the curve(AUC)of the patients.According to the critical value,the progression-free survival of the high PNI group and low PNI group was compared.The independent influencing factors of the patients’prognosis were obtained by the Cox proportional hazards regression model.RESULTS The non-biological recurrence rates at 1,3,and 5 years were 92.02%,84.05%,and 74.85%,respectively.The optimal critical value for PNI to predict biological recurrence was 46.23,and the AUC was 0.789(95%confidence interval:0.651-0.860;P<0.001).The sensitivity and specificity were 82.93%and 62.30%,respectively.In accordance with the optimal critical value of the ROC curve(46.23),193 patients were further divided into a high PNI group(PNI≤46.23,n=108)and low PNI group(PNI>46.23,n=85).The incidence of postoperative complications in the high PNI group was lower than that in the low PNI group(21.18%vs 38.96%).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival rate at 5 years in the low PNI group was 87.96%(13/108),which was lower than that in the high PNI group(61.18%,33/85;P<0.05).Low PNI[hazard ratio(HR)=1.74;P=0.003]and positive incisal margin status(HR=2.14;P=0.001)were independent predictors of biological recurrence in patients with high/extremely high-risk PCa.CONCLUSION The PNI has predictive value for the prognosis of patients with high/extremely high-risk PCa,and is an independent prognostic factor.Patients with low PNI value have a shorter time of nonbiological recurrence after prostatectomy.It is expected that the combined prediction of other clinicopathological data will further improve the accuracy and guide postoperative adjuvant therapy to improve the quality of prognosis.

GPS评分和PNI指数对急性胰腺炎严重程度和预后的预测价值研究

目的探讨格拉斯哥预后评分(GPS)和预后营养指数(PNI)对早期预测急性胰腺炎严重程度和预后的临床应用价值。方法回顾性收集聊城市第二人民医院2019年1月1日—2023年3月31日连续收治的280例急性胰腺炎患者的临床资料,包括患者一般临床资料、实验室各项相关指标(入院24 h内)、临床诊疗及预后指标等。将患者分为重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)组(90例)与非SAP组(190例),比较两组各项指标的差异,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线寻找PNI最佳诊断值;然后将SAP患者根据GPS和PNI分组比较其临床转归及预后。结果两组患者基线资料无明显统计学差异(P>0.05);与非SAP患者相比,SAP患者GPS评分2分明显更多(46.67%vs.11.05%,P<0.001),PNI指数明显更低(42.02 vs.46.30,P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析显示PNI指数最佳截断值为43.73。与A组相比,B组患者的ICU治疗率更高、时间更长(46.2%vs.25.5%,中位0 d vs.0 d,P=0.041,0.010),禁食时间更长(中位13 d vs.10 d,P=0.004),引流管数量更多(中位3根vs.2根,P=0.003),总住院时间更长(中位25 d vs.20 d,P=0.005),住院费用更高(中位154055.14元vs.126152.12元,P=0.004)、死亡率更高(33.3%vs.13.7%,P=0.027)。结论GPS评分和PNI指数对急性胰腺炎患者早期严重程度和SAP患者预后具有预测价值。

术前SII、PNI对子宫颈癌淋巴结转移的预测价值

目的:探究术前全身免疫炎症指数(SII)和预后营养指数(PNI)对子宫颈癌淋巴结转移的预测价值。方法:回顾性收集2021年1月—2023年1月连云港市第一人民医院收治的131例子宫颈癌患者的临床资料。根据术后病理结果是否伴有盆腔淋巴结转移分为淋巴结转移组(n=42)和淋巴结未转移组(n=89),收集两组的临床资料及相关指标(术前SII、PNI等),进行单因素及多因素logistic回归分析影响子宫颈癌淋巴结转移的危险因素,使用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析SII、PNI水平对子宫颈癌淋巴结转移的预测价值。结果:淋巴结转移组SII、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率(NLR)、血小板/淋巴细胞比率(PLR)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、糖类抗原153(CA153)水平及肿瘤低分化占比均高于淋巴结未转移组,而PNI低于淋巴结未转移组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组血小板含量、血红蛋白含量、是否绝经、是否脉管浸润、是否宫体侵犯、是否人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染、病理分型比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SII、PNI、CA153、分化程度是子宫颈癌患者淋巴结转移的独立影响因素(P<0.05);SII、PNI联合预测子宫颈癌淋巴结转移的曲线下面积为0.898,敏感度为80.65%,特异度为91.03%,有良好的临床诊断价值。结论:SII与PNI是影响子宫颈癌淋巴结转移的独立影响因素,且术前SII、PNI联合检测可有效帮助临床医生判断子宫颈癌淋巴结转移结果。

放疗前SII、PNI和LDH对放射性肺炎的预测价值

目的探究放疗前外周血系统免疫炎症指数(SII)、预后营养指数(PNI)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)对胸部肿瘤患者发生放射性肺炎(RP)的预测价值及发生≥2级RP的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2021年7月—2022年12月于徐州市第一人民医院行调强适形放疗的115例胸部肿瘤患者的相关资料。根据RP的发生情况,将患者分为RP组(27例)与非RP组(88例)。采用logistic回归分析胸部肿瘤患者放疗后发生RP的影响因素,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价放疗前SII对RP发生的预测作用。结果≥2级RP发生率为23.48%(27/115,2级15例,3级9例,4级3例)。单因素分析显示,2组患者在吸烟史、同步放化疗、免疫治疗、V_(20)及放疗前SII水平上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析表明,吸烟史、免疫治疗、V_(20)及放疗前SII水平为胸部肿瘤患者放疗后发生RP的独立危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。ROC曲线表明,放疗前SII水平预测RP发生的阈值为1107.46,敏感度为0.704,特异度为0.659。结论胸部肿瘤患者吸烟史、免疫治疗、V_(20)及放疗前SII水平均为发生RP的独立危险因素,且放疗前SII水平对RP发生具有一定的预测价值。

PG-SGA及PNI对胃癌预后评估价值的研究进展

胃癌是营养不良发生率较高的常见消化道肿瘤之一,其预后与患者的营养状态密切相关,及早准确评估患者营养状况,识别营养不良,给予个性化营养治疗,对改善胃癌患者预后具有重要意义。患者主观整体评估(PG-SGA)、预后营养指数(PNI)是与肿瘤患者营养状况相关的2个指标。近年来,PG-SGA和PNI与胃癌预后相关性受到广泛关注,两者及其结合的一系列指标在预测胃癌预后方面具有潜在价值。该文综述了PG-SGA、PNI对胃癌预后评估价值的研究进展,为相关治疗提供信息参考,以期更好地指导临床治疗。