In the present article I will first give a brief summary of the content of the book.Then I discuss some limitations of the book as well as my personal viewpoint about what the book fails to clarify and explain.
The study of unit commitment (UC) aims to find reasonable schedules for generators to optimize power systems’ operation. Many papers have been published that solve UC through different methods. Articles that systemat...The study of unit commitment (UC) aims to find reasonable schedules for generators to optimize power systems’ operation. Many papers have been published that solve UC through different methods. Articles that systematically summarize UC problems’ progress in order to update researchers interested in this field are needed. Because of its promising performance, stochastic programming (SP) has become increasingly researched. Most papers, however, present SP’s UC solving approaches differently, which masks their relationships and makes it hard for new researchers to quickly obtain a general idea. Therefore, this paper tries to give a structured bibliographic survey of SP’s applications in UC problems.展开更多
Graduate medical education(GME)has shifted its curricula from process-oriented approach to outcomes-oriented models.Program and faculty evaluation are methods by which educational curricula may adjust the teaching and...Graduate medical education(GME)has shifted its curricula from process-oriented approach to outcomes-oriented models.Program and faculty evaluation are methods by which educational curricula may adjust the teaching and learning environment to meet the needs and fills the gaps in GME.The measurement of educational outcomes is an essential for assessing teaching effectiveness in a shifting health care environment.In addition to trainee,program,and faculty evaluations,annual program review(APR)and evaluation and navigational changes made by the program education committee are essential to maintain effectiveness of an educational curriculum in a contemporary graduate medical training program.展开更多
背景:冻存能够较好地保证血管结构的完整性,如何改善移植后排斥反应的问题受到越来越多的关注。目的:综述不同冷冻技术降低同种异体血管移植排斥反应的研究进展,以期为临床研究提供参考。方法:系统检索中英文数据库CNKI、万方和PubMed...背景:冻存能够较好地保证血管结构的完整性,如何改善移植后排斥反应的问题受到越来越多的关注。目的:综述不同冷冻技术降低同种异体血管移植排斥反应的研究进展,以期为临床研究提供参考。方法:系统检索中英文数据库CNKI、万方和PubMed以及在线网站Baidu和Google Scholar自建库以来发表的降低同种异体血管移植排斥反应的相关文献。中文检索关键词:心血管疾病、内皮细胞、低温冻存、血管移植、免疫原性、排斥反应,同种异体移植和冷冻保护剂;英文检索关键词:cardiovascular disease、endothelial cells、cryopreservation、blood vessel transplantation or vascular graft、Immunogenicity、immune rejection、allograft or allogeneic transplantation or allograft transplantation and cryoprotectant。按照纳入排除标准共选取68篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:①综述发现通过改进现有冷冻技术能够降低同种异体血管移植排斥反应,其中主要涉及冻融方式和冻存保护剂的选择。②现有研究提示冻干法优于低温冻存,但限于条件未能广泛开展,现仍以低温冻存为主,其中玻璃化冻存、缓慢复温和使用不锈钢乃至含银材料效果优于程序式冻存及快速复温。③渗透性和非渗透性冻存保护剂的联合选择,可以在降低其毒性的同时,进一步减少排斥反应的发生。展开更多
文摘In the present article I will first give a brief summary of the content of the book.Then I discuss some limitations of the book as well as my personal viewpoint about what the book fails to clarify and explain.
文摘The study of unit commitment (UC) aims to find reasonable schedules for generators to optimize power systems’ operation. Many papers have been published that solve UC through different methods. Articles that systematically summarize UC problems’ progress in order to update researchers interested in this field are needed. Because of its promising performance, stochastic programming (SP) has become increasingly researched. Most papers, however, present SP’s UC solving approaches differently, which masks their relationships and makes it hard for new researchers to quickly obtain a general idea. Therefore, this paper tries to give a structured bibliographic survey of SP’s applications in UC problems.
基金This work has received Unrestricted Grant Research to Prevent Blindness,New York,USA and Casey NIH Core grant(P30 EY010572),Bethesda,Maryland,USA.
文摘Graduate medical education(GME)has shifted its curricula from process-oriented approach to outcomes-oriented models.Program and faculty evaluation are methods by which educational curricula may adjust the teaching and learning environment to meet the needs and fills the gaps in GME.The measurement of educational outcomes is an essential for assessing teaching effectiveness in a shifting health care environment.In addition to trainee,program,and faculty evaluations,annual program review(APR)and evaluation and navigational changes made by the program education committee are essential to maintain effectiveness of an educational curriculum in a contemporary graduate medical training program.
文摘背景:冻存能够较好地保证血管结构的完整性,如何改善移植后排斥反应的问题受到越来越多的关注。目的:综述不同冷冻技术降低同种异体血管移植排斥反应的研究进展,以期为临床研究提供参考。方法:系统检索中英文数据库CNKI、万方和PubMed以及在线网站Baidu和Google Scholar自建库以来发表的降低同种异体血管移植排斥反应的相关文献。中文检索关键词:心血管疾病、内皮细胞、低温冻存、血管移植、免疫原性、排斥反应,同种异体移植和冷冻保护剂;英文检索关键词:cardiovascular disease、endothelial cells、cryopreservation、blood vessel transplantation or vascular graft、Immunogenicity、immune rejection、allograft or allogeneic transplantation or allograft transplantation and cryoprotectant。按照纳入排除标准共选取68篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:①综述发现通过改进现有冷冻技术能够降低同种异体血管移植排斥反应,其中主要涉及冻融方式和冻存保护剂的选择。②现有研究提示冻干法优于低温冻存,但限于条件未能广泛开展,现仍以低温冻存为主,其中玻璃化冻存、缓慢复温和使用不锈钢乃至含银材料效果优于程序式冻存及快速复温。③渗透性和非渗透性冻存保护剂的联合选择,可以在降低其毒性的同时,进一步减少排斥反应的发生。
