目的对比常规薄层图像和高分辨率联合最大密度投影(high resolution combined with maximum intensity projection,HR-MIP)重建图像在检出肺内结节方面的差异,评价HR-MIP对肺内结节的检出效能。方法随机选取天津医科大学朱宪彝纪念医院2...目的对比常规薄层图像和高分辨率联合最大密度投影(high resolution combined with maximum intensity projection,HR-MIP)重建图像在检出肺内结节方面的差异,评价HR-MIP对肺内结节的检出效能。方法随机选取天津医科大学朱宪彝纪念医院2021年12月至2022年6月期间行胸部CT检查的患者共90例,其中男性52例,女性38例,年龄18~82(43±12.5)岁。分别利用2 mm层厚的常规薄层图像和HR-MIP(厚度4 mm)重建图像观察肺内结节的情况,根据结节大小分为<5 mm和≥5 mm两组。两位诊断医师分别对两组图像进行阅片并记录结节的数量、大小及性质(实性、部分实性、磨玻璃),同时记录阅读每例患者阅片时所耗费的时间。比较常规薄层图像和HR-MIP在结节检出率及耗费时间方面的差异。采用配对t检验、χ^(2)检验进行统计学分析。结果90例患者共有结节313个,<5 mm 255个、≥5 mm 58个,其中常规薄层图像和HR-MIP分别检出结节的总数为253个(80.1%)、285个(91.0%),HR-MIP检出率高于常规薄层图像,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.523,P<0.001);其中常规薄层图像和HR-MIP检出<5 mm及≥5 mm结节的数量分别为(208比235)和(45比50),<5 mm组差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.517,P<0.001),≥5 mm组差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.408,P=0.237)。结节性质方面:实性、部分实性及磨玻璃密度结节分别有261、22、30个;常规薄层图像和HR-MIP检出实性、部分实性和磨玻璃密度结节分别为(210比245)、(15比17)和(28比23),其中两种方法实性结节检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=34.812,P<0.001),部分实性和磨玻璃密度结节检出率差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.631,P=0.407;χ^(2)=1.231,P=0.224)。常规薄层图像耗时为(215.3±23.8)s,HR-MIP耗时为(133.2±19.1)s,差异有统计学意义(t=18.013,P<0.001)。结论利用HR-MIP重建后阅片能够提高肺内实性小结节的检出率并且可以缩短阅片时间、提高诊断效率,但是对于部分实性及磨玻璃密度小结节仍需仔细观察。展开更多
目的:分析2022年全球肝癌和胆囊癌流行病学现状,预测至2050年全球肝癌和胆囊癌发病死亡负担。方法:基于国际癌症研究机构(International Agency for Research on Cancer,IARC)2024年2月发布的GLOBOCAN 2022数据库,分析2022年并预测至205...目的:分析2022年全球肝癌和胆囊癌流行病学现状,预测至2050年全球肝癌和胆囊癌发病死亡负担。方法:基于国际癌症研究机构(International Agency for Research on Cancer,IARC)2024年2月发布的GLOBOCAN 2022数据库,分析2022年并预测至2050年全球肝癌和胆囊癌疾病负担。年龄标准化发病率和死亡率使用Segi’s世界标准人口结构数据计算。新发及死亡病例预测基于《世界人口展望》预计人口估算。结果:2022年全球肝癌新发病例866136例,死亡病例758725例,标准化发病率和死亡率分别为8.6/10万和7.4/10万。2022年全球胆囊癌新发病例122491例,死亡病例89055例,标准化发病率和死亡率分别为1.2/10万和0.83/10万。不同年龄组男性肝癌发病率、死亡率均高于女性;女性胆囊癌发病率、死亡率均高于男性。在全球185个国家中,蒙古国肝癌标准化发病率和死亡率最高,玻利维亚胆囊癌标准化发病率和死亡率最高。2050年肝癌预测新发病例1564034例、死亡病例1420926例,分别较2022年上涨约80.6%、87.3%;胆囊癌预测新发病例235096例、死亡病例176725例,分别较2022年上涨约91.9%、98.4%。2050年非洲肝癌和胆囊癌新发和死亡病例涨幅最大。结论:各国肝癌和胆囊癌疾病负担存在差异,疾病负担较重及快速增长的地区(如亚洲、非洲等)或国家(如蒙古国、玻利维亚等)应更加积极主动采取癌症防控措施。展开更多
BACKGROUND DNA methylation, acknowledged as a key modification in the field of epigenetics, regulates gene expression at the transcriptional level. Aberrant methylation in DNA regulatory regions could upregulate oncog...BACKGROUND DNA methylation, acknowledged as a key modification in the field of epigenetics, regulates gene expression at the transcriptional level. Aberrant methylation in DNA regulatory regions could upregulate oncogenes and downregulate tumor suppressor genes without changing the sequences.However, studies of methylation in the control of gene expression are still inadequate. In the present research, we performed bioinformatics analysis to clarify the function of methylation and supply candidate methylation-related biomarkers and drivers for colon cancer.AIM To identify and analyze methylation-regulated differentially expressed genes(MeDEGs) in colon cancer by bioinformatics analysis.METHODS We downloaded RNA expression profiles, Illumina Human Methylation 450 K BeadChip data, and clinical data of colon cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. MeDEGs were identified by analyzing the gene expression and methylation levels using the edgeR and limma package in R software. Gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed in the DAVID database and KEGG Orthology-Based Annotation System 3.0, respectively. We then conducted Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to explore the relationship between methylation and expression and prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA) and investigation of protein-protein interactions(PPI) were performed to clarify the function of prognosis-related genes.RESULTS A total of 5 up-regulated and 81 down-regulated genes were identified asMeDEGs. GO and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that MeDEGs were enriched in multiple cancer-related terms. Furthermore, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the prognosis was negatively associated with the methylation status of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) and reelin(RELN). In PPI networks, GDNF and RELN interact with neural cell adhesion molecule 1. Besides, GDNF can interact with GDNF family receptor alpha(GFRA1), GFRA2, GFRA3, and RET. RELN can interact with RAFAH1 B1,disabled homolog 1, very low-density lipoprotein receptor, lipoprotein receptorrelated protein 8, and NMDA 2 B. Based on GSEA, hypermethylation of GDNF and RELN were both significantly associated with pathways including "RNA degradation," "ribosome," "mismatch repair," "cell cycle" and "base excision repair."CONCLUSION Aberrant DNA methylation plays an important role in colon cancer progression.MeDEGs that are associated with the overall survival of patients may be potential targets in tumor diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
文摘目的对比常规薄层图像和高分辨率联合最大密度投影(high resolution combined with maximum intensity projection,HR-MIP)重建图像在检出肺内结节方面的差异,评价HR-MIP对肺内结节的检出效能。方法随机选取天津医科大学朱宪彝纪念医院2021年12月至2022年6月期间行胸部CT检查的患者共90例,其中男性52例,女性38例,年龄18~82(43±12.5)岁。分别利用2 mm层厚的常规薄层图像和HR-MIP(厚度4 mm)重建图像观察肺内结节的情况,根据结节大小分为<5 mm和≥5 mm两组。两位诊断医师分别对两组图像进行阅片并记录结节的数量、大小及性质(实性、部分实性、磨玻璃),同时记录阅读每例患者阅片时所耗费的时间。比较常规薄层图像和HR-MIP在结节检出率及耗费时间方面的差异。采用配对t检验、χ^(2)检验进行统计学分析。结果90例患者共有结节313个,<5 mm 255个、≥5 mm 58个,其中常规薄层图像和HR-MIP分别检出结节的总数为253个(80.1%)、285个(91.0%),HR-MIP检出率高于常规薄层图像,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.523,P<0.001);其中常规薄层图像和HR-MIP检出<5 mm及≥5 mm结节的数量分别为(208比235)和(45比50),<5 mm组差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.517,P<0.001),≥5 mm组差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.408,P=0.237)。结节性质方面:实性、部分实性及磨玻璃密度结节分别有261、22、30个;常规薄层图像和HR-MIP检出实性、部分实性和磨玻璃密度结节分别为(210比245)、(15比17)和(28比23),其中两种方法实性结节检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=34.812,P<0.001),部分实性和磨玻璃密度结节检出率差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.631,P=0.407;χ^(2)=1.231,P=0.224)。常规薄层图像耗时为(215.3±23.8)s,HR-MIP耗时为(133.2±19.1)s,差异有统计学意义(t=18.013,P<0.001)。结论利用HR-MIP重建后阅片能够提高肺内实性小结节的检出率并且可以缩短阅片时间、提高诊断效率,但是对于部分实性及磨玻璃密度小结节仍需仔细观察。
文摘目的:分析2022年全球肝癌和胆囊癌流行病学现状,预测至2050年全球肝癌和胆囊癌发病死亡负担。方法:基于国际癌症研究机构(International Agency for Research on Cancer,IARC)2024年2月发布的GLOBOCAN 2022数据库,分析2022年并预测至2050年全球肝癌和胆囊癌疾病负担。年龄标准化发病率和死亡率使用Segi’s世界标准人口结构数据计算。新发及死亡病例预测基于《世界人口展望》预计人口估算。结果:2022年全球肝癌新发病例866136例,死亡病例758725例,标准化发病率和死亡率分别为8.6/10万和7.4/10万。2022年全球胆囊癌新发病例122491例,死亡病例89055例,标准化发病率和死亡率分别为1.2/10万和0.83/10万。不同年龄组男性肝癌发病率、死亡率均高于女性;女性胆囊癌发病率、死亡率均高于男性。在全球185个国家中,蒙古国肝癌标准化发病率和死亡率最高,玻利维亚胆囊癌标准化发病率和死亡率最高。2050年肝癌预测新发病例1564034例、死亡病例1420926例,分别较2022年上涨约80.6%、87.3%;胆囊癌预测新发病例235096例、死亡病例176725例,分别较2022年上涨约91.9%、98.4%。2050年非洲肝癌和胆囊癌新发和死亡病例涨幅最大。结论:各国肝癌和胆囊癌疾病负担存在差异,疾病负担较重及快速增长的地区(如亚洲、非洲等)或国家(如蒙古国、玻利维亚等)应更加积极主动采取癌症防控措施。
文摘BACKGROUND DNA methylation, acknowledged as a key modification in the field of epigenetics, regulates gene expression at the transcriptional level. Aberrant methylation in DNA regulatory regions could upregulate oncogenes and downregulate tumor suppressor genes without changing the sequences.However, studies of methylation in the control of gene expression are still inadequate. In the present research, we performed bioinformatics analysis to clarify the function of methylation and supply candidate methylation-related biomarkers and drivers for colon cancer.AIM To identify and analyze methylation-regulated differentially expressed genes(MeDEGs) in colon cancer by bioinformatics analysis.METHODS We downloaded RNA expression profiles, Illumina Human Methylation 450 K BeadChip data, and clinical data of colon cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. MeDEGs were identified by analyzing the gene expression and methylation levels using the edgeR and limma package in R software. Gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed in the DAVID database and KEGG Orthology-Based Annotation System 3.0, respectively. We then conducted Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to explore the relationship between methylation and expression and prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA) and investigation of protein-protein interactions(PPI) were performed to clarify the function of prognosis-related genes.RESULTS A total of 5 up-regulated and 81 down-regulated genes were identified asMeDEGs. GO and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that MeDEGs were enriched in multiple cancer-related terms. Furthermore, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the prognosis was negatively associated with the methylation status of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) and reelin(RELN). In PPI networks, GDNF and RELN interact with neural cell adhesion molecule 1. Besides, GDNF can interact with GDNF family receptor alpha(GFRA1), GFRA2, GFRA3, and RET. RELN can interact with RAFAH1 B1,disabled homolog 1, very low-density lipoprotein receptor, lipoprotein receptorrelated protein 8, and NMDA 2 B. Based on GSEA, hypermethylation of GDNF and RELN were both significantly associated with pathways including "RNA degradation," "ribosome," "mismatch repair," "cell cycle" and "base excision repair."CONCLUSION Aberrant DNA methylation plays an important role in colon cancer progression.MeDEGs that are associated with the overall survival of patients may be potential targets in tumor diagnosis and treatment.
