Objective: The aim of this study was to determine body composition, gynecological, and obstetric data, sex hormones, and prolactin serum levels in pre- (PREW) and postmenopausal women (PMW) with breast cancer (BC) and...Objective: The aim of this study was to determine body composition, gynecological, and obstetric data, sex hormones, and prolactin serum levels in pre- (PREW) and postmenopausal women (PMW) with breast cancer (BC) and compare them with a control group (CG) of healthy women. Methodology: BC patients without treatment or use of hormone replacement therapy, or hormonal birth control, and without data of metastasis were included. CG was matched for age, BMI, and menstrual cycle status. FSH, LH, E<sup>2</sup>, progesterone, testosterone, and prolactin (PRL) were measured using radioimmunoassay kits. Comparisons between BC and CG were made with “t” tests, and with the Mann-Whitney U-test;χ<sup>2</sup> test was used to compare the qualitative variables between the groups. Results: Seventy-two patients with BC, and 74 CG women were evaluated. Both groups presented overweight data, BMI (kg/mt<sup>2</sup>) = 27.21 ± 5.51 vs. 28.40 ± 4.66, p = ns, for BC patients and CG, respectively. In PREW, the age at menarche was later in BC patients compared to the CG (13.3 ± 1.36 years vs. 12.41 ± 1.27 years, p = 0.005). The PMW with BC presented a higher age at menarche and menopause compared to the women of the CG (13.51 ± 1.48 vs. 12.91 ± 1.41, p = 0.09, and 49.03 ± 2.86 vs. 45.5 ± 8.78, p = 0.03, respectively). PRL levels were significantly higher in PMW with BC, in comparison with the CG;median and minimum and maximum values (min-max) were: 14.7 ng/mL (3.6 - 52.7) vs. 5.9 ng/mL (1.9 - 33.3), p = 0.005). A higher percentage of PMW with BC (26.0% vs. 7.1%, χ<sup>2</sup> = 5.57, p = 0.01) presented hyperprolactinemia (PRL serum levels > 20 ng/mL), compared to the GC. Conclusions: The higher levels of PRL in PMW with BC compared with CG, suggest a proliferative effect of this hormone in the affected breast tissue. This study demonstrates the need to use biological markers such as PRL to determine the risk of BC in PMW.展开更多
The reproductive behaviors of birds are mainly controlled by the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis.Many studies have shown that reproductive hormones are tightly linked to the breeding sub-stages.However,only a few st...The reproductive behaviors of birds are mainly controlled by the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis.Many studies have shown that reproductive hormones are tightly linked to the breeding sub-stages.However,only a few studies have examined the temporal trend of hormone levels among different reproductive stages in multiple brooded species.We investigated the changes in plasma luteinizing hormone(LH)and prolactin(PRL)concentrations during different reproductive stages of the facultative double-brooded Great Tit(Parus major).We found that the concentrations of LH and PRL in females were significantly higher than those in males.Females had significantly higher LH and lower PRL concentrations in the pre-breeding period than in the first/second brooding periods,and there were no significant changes between the first and second brooding periods.The concentrations of LH and PRL in males had no significant difference between the pre-breeding period and the first brooding periods,while LH and PRL concentrations in the second brooding period were significantly higher than those in the first brooding period.We conclude that there are sex-based differences between LH and PRL at different stages of reproduction.The changes in LH and PRL in both males and females should be related to their physiological functions.Especially for males,individuals with higher levels of LH and PRL are more likely to maintain second clutches.展开更多
The Prolactin-inducible-protein (PIP)/Gross Cystic Disease Fluid Protein-15 (GCDFP-15) gene is highly expressed in salivary, lacrimal and sweat glands and the protein abundantly found in the secretions that originate ...The Prolactin-inducible-protein (PIP)/Gross Cystic Disease Fluid Protein-15 (GCDFP-15) gene is highly expressed in salivary, lacrimal and sweat glands and the protein abundantly found in the secretions that originate from these glands;saliva, tears and sweat. PIP is thus considered to be strategically located at sites viewed as the first port of entry for invading organisms. PIP is also found over-expressed under abnormal and pathological conditions of the breast and prostate. The function of PIP has yet to be defined but it has been implicated to play a role in immunity, with respect to bacterial and viral infection, cancer and fertility. Despite such predictive functions, there is still no clear demonstration of an immunoregulatory role for PIP. In this review we will focus on accumulating evidence that suggests a role for PIP in both innate and adaptive immunity. Moreover, we will discuss recent evidence that defines a modulatory role for PIP with regards to a CD4+ T cell immune response, identifying for the first time, a critical role for PIP in effective cell-mediated immunity against an intracellular pathogen.展开更多
Based on the collected multiwavelength data, namely in the radio(NVSS, FIRST, RATAN-600), IR(WISE),optical(Pan-STARRS), UV(GALEX), and X-ray(ROSAT, Swift-XRT) ranges, we have performed a cluster analysis for the blaza...Based on the collected multiwavelength data, namely in the radio(NVSS, FIRST, RATAN-600), IR(WISE),optical(Pan-STARRS), UV(GALEX), and X-ray(ROSAT, Swift-XRT) ranges, we have performed a cluster analysis for the blazars of the Roma-BZCAT catalog. Using two machine learning methods, namely a combination of PCA with k-means clustering and Kohonen's self-organizing maps(SOMs), we have constructed an independent classification of the blazars(five classes) and compared the classes with the known Roma-BZCAT classification(FSRQs, BL Lacs, galaxy-dominated BL Lacs, and blazars of an uncertain type) as well as with the high synchrotron peaked(HSP) blazars from the 3HSP catalog and blazars from the TeVCat catalog. The obtained groups demonstrate concordance with the BL Lac/FSRQ classification along with a continuous character of the change in the properties. The group of HSP blazars stands out against the overall distribution. We examine the characteristics of the five groups and demonstrate distinctions in their spectral energy distribution shapes. The effectiveness of the clustering technique for objective analysis of multiparametric arrays of experimental data is demonstrated.展开更多
[Objectives] To screen the active components and core targets of Gastrodia elata Bl. based on network pharmacology, and further explore its potential molecular mechanism in preventing and treating chronic heart failur...[Objectives] To screen the active components and core targets of Gastrodia elata Bl. based on network pharmacology, and further explore its potential molecular mechanism in preventing and treating chronic heart failure (CHF).[Methods] The candidate active constituents of G. elata Bl. were screened by HERB, ETCM (Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine) database, and bioinformatics analysis tool BATMAN-TCM platform, Swiss Target Prediction platform was used to predict compound targets, and CHF disease targets were searched in GeneCards and OMIM databases;the intersection targets were taken, and the String database and Cytoscape 3.10.0 software were used for protein-protein interaction (PPI) and topological analysis to obtain key active constituents and core target genes;the online tool bioinformatics platform was used for gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of common targets. Using the active constituent of G. elata Bl. as ligand and its core target as receptor, molecular docking visualization was carried out.[Results] 136 common targets of active constituents of G. elata Bl. and CHF were screened out, which mainly involved AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis, interleukin-17 signaling pathway, non-alcoholic fatty liver, diabetic cardiomyopathy, cancer and other signaling pathways. The core target proteins mainly included albumin, catalytic subunit α activated by protein kinase CAMP, insulin gene, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor, estrogen receptor 1, interferon γ, etc. The results of molecular docking showed that the ligand of the compound had good affinity with the target receptor.[Conclusions] G. elata Bl. prevents and treats CHF through multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways. The potential mechanism of G. elata Bl. in treating CHF was preliminarily explored, providing a certain theoretical basis for subsequent research on its pharmacological material basis in treating CHF.展开更多
We analyze the optical light curve data,obtained with the Zwicky Transient Facility(ZTF)survey,for 47 γ-ray blazars monitored by the Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope(Fermi).These 47sou...We analyze the optical light curve data,obtained with the Zwicky Transient Facility(ZTF)survey,for 47 γ-ray blazars monitored by the Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope(Fermi).These 47sources are selected because they are among the Fermi blazars with the largest optical variations in the ZTF data.Two color-magnitude variation patterns are seen in them,with one being redder-to-stable-when-brighter(RSWB;in 31 sources)and the other being stable when brighter(in 16 sources).The patterns fit with the results recently reported in several similar studies with different data.Moreover,we find that the colors in the stable state of the sources share similar values,for which(after being corrected for the Galactic extinction)most sources are in a range of 0.4–0.55.This feature could be intrinsic and may be applied in,for example,study of the intragalactic medium.We also determine the turning points for the sources showing the RSWB pattern,after which the color changes saturate and become stable.We find a correlation between optical fluxes and γ-ray fluxes at the turning points.The physical implications of the correlation remain to be investigated,probably better with a sample of high-qualityγ-ray flux measurements.展开更多
文摘Objective: The aim of this study was to determine body composition, gynecological, and obstetric data, sex hormones, and prolactin serum levels in pre- (PREW) and postmenopausal women (PMW) with breast cancer (BC) and compare them with a control group (CG) of healthy women. Methodology: BC patients without treatment or use of hormone replacement therapy, or hormonal birth control, and without data of metastasis were included. CG was matched for age, BMI, and menstrual cycle status. FSH, LH, E<sup>2</sup>, progesterone, testosterone, and prolactin (PRL) were measured using radioimmunoassay kits. Comparisons between BC and CG were made with “t” tests, and with the Mann-Whitney U-test;χ<sup>2</sup> test was used to compare the qualitative variables between the groups. Results: Seventy-two patients with BC, and 74 CG women were evaluated. Both groups presented overweight data, BMI (kg/mt<sup>2</sup>) = 27.21 ± 5.51 vs. 28.40 ± 4.66, p = ns, for BC patients and CG, respectively. In PREW, the age at menarche was later in BC patients compared to the CG (13.3 ± 1.36 years vs. 12.41 ± 1.27 years, p = 0.005). The PMW with BC presented a higher age at menarche and menopause compared to the women of the CG (13.51 ± 1.48 vs. 12.91 ± 1.41, p = 0.09, and 49.03 ± 2.86 vs. 45.5 ± 8.78, p = 0.03, respectively). PRL levels were significantly higher in PMW with BC, in comparison with the CG;median and minimum and maximum values (min-max) were: 14.7 ng/mL (3.6 - 52.7) vs. 5.9 ng/mL (1.9 - 33.3), p = 0.005). A higher percentage of PMW with BC (26.0% vs. 7.1%, χ<sup>2</sup> = 5.57, p = 0.01) presented hyperprolactinemia (PRL serum levels > 20 ng/mL), compared to the GC. Conclusions: The higher levels of PRL in PMW with BC compared with CG, suggest a proliferative effect of this hormone in the affected breast tissue. This study demonstrates the need to use biological markers such as PRL to determine the risk of BC in PMW.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31770419 and 31971402 to HW,32001094 and 31870368 to JY)
文摘The reproductive behaviors of birds are mainly controlled by the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis.Many studies have shown that reproductive hormones are tightly linked to the breeding sub-stages.However,only a few studies have examined the temporal trend of hormone levels among different reproductive stages in multiple brooded species.We investigated the changes in plasma luteinizing hormone(LH)and prolactin(PRL)concentrations during different reproductive stages of the facultative double-brooded Great Tit(Parus major).We found that the concentrations of LH and PRL in females were significantly higher than those in males.Females had significantly higher LH and lower PRL concentrations in the pre-breeding period than in the first/second brooding periods,and there were no significant changes between the first and second brooding periods.The concentrations of LH and PRL in males had no significant difference between the pre-breeding period and the first brooding periods,while LH and PRL concentrations in the second brooding period were significantly higher than those in the first brooding period.We conclude that there are sex-based differences between LH and PRL at different stages of reproduction.The changes in LH and PRL in both males and females should be related to their physiological functions.Especially for males,individuals with higher levels of LH and PRL are more likely to maintain second clutches.
文摘The Prolactin-inducible-protein (PIP)/Gross Cystic Disease Fluid Protein-15 (GCDFP-15) gene is highly expressed in salivary, lacrimal and sweat glands and the protein abundantly found in the secretions that originate from these glands;saliva, tears and sweat. PIP is thus considered to be strategically located at sites viewed as the first port of entry for invading organisms. PIP is also found over-expressed under abnormal and pathological conditions of the breast and prostate. The function of PIP has yet to be defined but it has been implicated to play a role in immunity, with respect to bacterial and viral infection, cancer and fertility. Despite such predictive functions, there is still no clear demonstration of an immunoregulatory role for PIP. In this review we will focus on accumulating evidence that suggests a role for PIP in both innate and adaptive immunity. Moreover, we will discuss recent evidence that defines a modulatory role for PIP with regards to a CD4+ T cell immune response, identifying for the first time, a critical role for PIP in effective cell-mediated immunity against an intracellular pathogen.
文摘Based on the collected multiwavelength data, namely in the radio(NVSS, FIRST, RATAN-600), IR(WISE),optical(Pan-STARRS), UV(GALEX), and X-ray(ROSAT, Swift-XRT) ranges, we have performed a cluster analysis for the blazars of the Roma-BZCAT catalog. Using two machine learning methods, namely a combination of PCA with k-means clustering and Kohonen's self-organizing maps(SOMs), we have constructed an independent classification of the blazars(five classes) and compared the classes with the known Roma-BZCAT classification(FSRQs, BL Lacs, galaxy-dominated BL Lacs, and blazars of an uncertain type) as well as with the high synchrotron peaked(HSP) blazars from the 3HSP catalog and blazars from the TeVCat catalog. The obtained groups demonstrate concordance with the BL Lac/FSRQ classification along with a continuous character of the change in the properties. The group of HSP blazars stands out against the overall distribution. We examine the characteristics of the five groups and demonstrate distinctions in their spectral energy distribution shapes. The effectiveness of the clustering technique for objective analysis of multiparametric arrays of experimental data is demonstrated.
文摘[Objectives] To screen the active components and core targets of Gastrodia elata Bl. based on network pharmacology, and further explore its potential molecular mechanism in preventing and treating chronic heart failure (CHF).[Methods] The candidate active constituents of G. elata Bl. were screened by HERB, ETCM (Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine) database, and bioinformatics analysis tool BATMAN-TCM platform, Swiss Target Prediction platform was used to predict compound targets, and CHF disease targets were searched in GeneCards and OMIM databases;the intersection targets were taken, and the String database and Cytoscape 3.10.0 software were used for protein-protein interaction (PPI) and topological analysis to obtain key active constituents and core target genes;the online tool bioinformatics platform was used for gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of common targets. Using the active constituent of G. elata Bl. as ligand and its core target as receptor, molecular docking visualization was carried out.[Results] 136 common targets of active constituents of G. elata Bl. and CHF were screened out, which mainly involved AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis, interleukin-17 signaling pathway, non-alcoholic fatty liver, diabetic cardiomyopathy, cancer and other signaling pathways. The core target proteins mainly included albumin, catalytic subunit α activated by protein kinase CAMP, insulin gene, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor, estrogen receptor 1, interferon γ, etc. The results of molecular docking showed that the ligand of the compound had good affinity with the target receptor.[Conclusions] G. elata Bl. prevents and treats CHF through multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways. The potential mechanism of G. elata Bl. in treating CHF was preliminarily explored, providing a certain theoretical basis for subsequent research on its pharmacological material basis in treating CHF.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.AST-2034437 and a collaboration including Caltech,IPACsupported by the Basic Research Program of Yunnan Province(No.202201AS070005)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant No.12273033)the Original Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(E085021002)the support of the science research program for graduate students of Yunnan University(KC-23234629)。
文摘We analyze the optical light curve data,obtained with the Zwicky Transient Facility(ZTF)survey,for 47 γ-ray blazars monitored by the Large Area Telescope onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope(Fermi).These 47sources are selected because they are among the Fermi blazars with the largest optical variations in the ZTF data.Two color-magnitude variation patterns are seen in them,with one being redder-to-stable-when-brighter(RSWB;in 31 sources)and the other being stable when brighter(in 16 sources).The patterns fit with the results recently reported in several similar studies with different data.Moreover,we find that the colors in the stable state of the sources share similar values,for which(after being corrected for the Galactic extinction)most sources are in a range of 0.4–0.55.This feature could be intrinsic and may be applied in,for example,study of the intragalactic medium.We also determine the turning points for the sources showing the RSWB pattern,after which the color changes saturate and become stable.We find a correlation between optical fluxes and γ-ray fluxes at the turning points.The physical implications of the correlation remain to be investigated,probably better with a sample of high-qualityγ-ray flux measurements.
