BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine and propofol are two sedatives used for long-term sedation.It remains unclear whether dexmedetomidine provides superior cerebral protection for patients undergoing long-term mechanical venti...BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine and propofol are two sedatives used for long-term sedation.It remains unclear whether dexmedetomidine provides superior cerebral protection for patients undergoing long-term mechanical ventilation.AIM To compare the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol for sedation during prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients without brain injury.METHODS Patients who underwent mechanical ventilation for>72 h were randomly assigned to receive sedation with dexmedetomidine or propofol.The Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale(RASS)was used to evaluate sedation effects,with a target range of-3 to 0.The primary outcomes were serum levels of S100-βand neuron-specific enolase(NSE)every 24 h.The secondary outcomes were remifentanil dosage,the proportion of patients requiring rescue sedation,and the time and frequency of RASS scores within the target range.RESULTS A total of 52 and 63 patients were allocated to the dexmedetomidine group and propofol group,respectively.Baseline data were comparable between groups.No significant differences were identified between groups within the median duration of study drug infusion[52.0(IQR:36.0-73.5)h vs 53.0(IQR:37.0-72.0)h,P=0.958],the median dose of remifentanil[4.5(IQR:4.0-5.0)μg/kg/h vs 4.6(IQR:4.0-5.0)μg/kg/h,P=0.395],the median percentage of time in the target RASS range without rescue sedation[85.6%(IQR:65.8%-96.6%)vs 86.7%(IQR:72.3%-95.3),P=0.592],and the median frequency within the target RASS range without rescue sedation[72.2%(60.8%-91.7%)vs 73.3%(60.0%-100.0%),P=0.880].The proportion of patients in the dexmedetomidine group who required rescue sedation was higher than in the propofol group with statistical significance(69.2%vs 50.8%,P=0.045).Serum S100-βand NSE levels in the propofol group were higher than in the dexmedetomidine group with statistical significance during the first six and five days of mechanical ventilation,respectively(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine demonstrated stronger protective effects on the brain compared to propofol for long-term mechanical ventilation in patients without brain injury.展开更多
Data from 736 patients undergoing prosthetic heart valve replacement surgery and concomitant surgery （combined surgery） from January 1998 to January 2004 at Union Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate l...Data from 736 patients undergoing prosthetic heart valve replacement surgery and concomitant surgery （combined surgery） from January 1998 to January 2004 at Union Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identity risk factors for prolonged mechanical ventilation. The results showed that prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass duration, prolonged aortic cross clamp time and low ejection fraction less than 50 percent （50 %） were found to be independent predictors for prolonged mechanical ventilation. Meanwhile age, weight, and preoperative hospital stay （days） were not found to be associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation. It was concluded that. for age and weight, this might be due to the lower number of old age patients （70 years and above） included in our study and genetic body structure of majority Chinese population that favor them to be in normal weight, respectively.展开更多
Background Compared to conventional oxygen devices,high-flow oxygen treatment(HFOT)through the nasal cannulae has demonstrated clinical benefits.Limited data exist on whether such effects are also present in HFOT thro...Background Compared to conventional oxygen devices,high-flow oxygen treatment(HFOT)through the nasal cannulae has demonstrated clinical benefits.Limited data exist on whether such effects are also present in HFOT through tracheostomy.Hence,we aimed to examine the short-term effects of HFOT through tracheostomy on diaphragmatic function and respiratory parameters in tracheostomized patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation.Methods A randomized,crossover,physiological study was conducted in our ICU between December 2020 and April 2021,in patients with tracheostomy and prolonged mechanical ventilation.The patients underwent a 30-min spontaneous breathing trial(SBT)and received oxygen either via T-piece or by HFOT through tracheostomy,followed by a washout period of 15-min breathing through the T-piece and receipt of 30-min oxygen with the other modality in a randomized crossover manner.At the start and end of each session,blood gasses,breathing frequency(f),and tidal volume(VT)via a Wright's spirometer were measured,along with diaphragm ultrasonography including diaphragm excursion and diaphragmatic thickening fraction,which expressed the inspiratory muscle effort.Results Eleven patients were enrolled in whom 19 sessions were uneventfully completed;eight patients were studied twice on two different days with alternate sessions;and three patients were studied once.Patients were randomly assigned to start the SBT with a T-piece(n=10 sessions)or with HFOT(n=9 sessions).With HFOT,VT and minute ventilation(VE)significantly increased during SBT(from[465±119]mL to[549±134]mL,P<0.001 and from[12.4±4.3]L/min to[13.1±4.2]L/min,P<0.05,respectively),but they did not change significantly during SBT with T-piece(from[495±132]mL to[461±123]mL and from[12.8±4.4]mL to[12.0±4.4]mL,respectively);f/VT decreased during HFOT(from[64±31]breaths/(min∙L)to[49±24]breaths/(min∙L),P<0.001),but it did not change significantly during SBT with T-piece(from[59±28]breaths/(min∙L)to[64±33]breaths/(min∙L));partial pressure of arterial oxygen increased during HFOT(from[99±39]mmHg to[132±48]mmHg,P<0.001),but it decreased during SBT with T-piece(from[124±50]mmHg to[83±22]mmHg,P<0.01).In addition,with HFOT,diaphragmatic excursion increased(from[12.9±3.3]mm to[15.7±4.4]mm,P<0.001),but it did not change significantly during SBT with T-piece(from[13.4±3.3]mm to[13.6±3.3]mm).The diaphragmatic thickening fraction did not change during SBT either with T-piece or with HFOT.Conclusion In patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation,HFOT through tracheostomy compared with T-piece improves ventilation,pattern of breathing,and oxygenation without increasing the inspiratory muscle effort.Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov ldentifer:NCT04758910.展开更多
目的探讨机械通气老年脓毒症患者早期股四头肌厚度(quadriceps muscle thickness,QMT变化与延迟撤机的关系。方法使用前瞻性观察研究的方法,选择2021年1月至2022年8月海南医学院第二附属医院重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)收治的...目的探讨机械通气老年脓毒症患者早期股四头肌厚度(quadriceps muscle thickness,QMT变化与延迟撤机的关系。方法使用前瞻性观察研究的方法,选择2021年1月至2022年8月海南医学院第二附属医院重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)收治的329例机械通气老年脓毒症患者作为研究对象,分为延迟撤机组(n=93)和非延迟撤机组(n=236)。统计患者入ICU时的年龄、性别、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、查尔森合并症指数(charlson comorbidity index,CCI)评分以及首次自主呼吸试验(spontaneous breathing trial,SBT)时的序贯器官衰竭评估(sequential organ failure assessment,SOFA)评分、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评价系统Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)评分、浅快呼吸指数、机械通气时间、实验室指标及脏器支持情况。于机械通气启动和首次SBT时分别采用超声测量QMT,并计算QMT变化率。采用单因素分析、多因素logistic回归分析、受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线探讨QMT参数与机械通气老年脓毒症患者延迟撤机的关系。采用决策曲线分析法确定QMT参数预测机械通气老年脓毒症患者延迟撤机的临床实用性。结果329例患者延迟撤机93例,发生率为28.27%。延迟撤机组患者年龄≥75岁比例、CCI评分≥3分比例、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、ICU停留时间、28 d病死率以及血清乳酸水平高于或长于非延迟撤机组,而BMI低于非延迟撤机组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥75岁(OR=2.521,95%CI:1.270~5.001,P=0.008)、CCI评分≥3分(OR=2.139,95%CI:1.062~4.311,P=0.033)、首次SBT时QMT值降低(OR=0.383,95%CI:0.280~0.524,P<0.001)、QMT变化率增高(OR=1.355,95%CI:1.254~1.465,P<0.001)均是机械通气老年脓毒症患者发生延迟撤机的独立危险因素。经ROC曲线分析,QMT变化率预测机械通气老年脓毒症患者延迟撤机的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.887(95%CI:0.848~0.919),明显大于首次SBT时QMT的0.758(95%CI:0.708~0.803),差异均有统计学意义(Z=3.507,P<0.001)。经决策曲线分析,当阈值为0.10~0.70时,QMT变化率预测机械通气老年脓毒症患者延迟撤机的净获益率优于首次SBT时QMT。结论首次SBT时QMT、QMT变化率与机械通气老年脓毒症患者延迟撤机风险密切相关,其可用于预测机械通气老年脓毒症患者延迟撤机风险,并且QMT变化率的预测效能和净获益率高于首次SBT时QMT。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine and propofol are two sedatives used for long-term sedation.It remains unclear whether dexmedetomidine provides superior cerebral protection for patients undergoing long-term mechanical ventilation.AIM To compare the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol for sedation during prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients without brain injury.METHODS Patients who underwent mechanical ventilation for>72 h were randomly assigned to receive sedation with dexmedetomidine or propofol.The Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale(RASS)was used to evaluate sedation effects,with a target range of-3 to 0.The primary outcomes were serum levels of S100-βand neuron-specific enolase(NSE)every 24 h.The secondary outcomes were remifentanil dosage,the proportion of patients requiring rescue sedation,and the time and frequency of RASS scores within the target range.RESULTS A total of 52 and 63 patients were allocated to the dexmedetomidine group and propofol group,respectively.Baseline data were comparable between groups.No significant differences were identified between groups within the median duration of study drug infusion[52.0(IQR:36.0-73.5)h vs 53.0(IQR:37.0-72.0)h,P=0.958],the median dose of remifentanil[4.5(IQR:4.0-5.0)μg/kg/h vs 4.6(IQR:4.0-5.0)μg/kg/h,P=0.395],the median percentage of time in the target RASS range without rescue sedation[85.6%(IQR:65.8%-96.6%)vs 86.7%(IQR:72.3%-95.3),P=0.592],and the median frequency within the target RASS range without rescue sedation[72.2%(60.8%-91.7%)vs 73.3%(60.0%-100.0%),P=0.880].The proportion of patients in the dexmedetomidine group who required rescue sedation was higher than in the propofol group with statistical significance(69.2%vs 50.8%,P=0.045).Serum S100-βand NSE levels in the propofol group were higher than in the dexmedetomidine group with statistical significance during the first six and five days of mechanical ventilation,respectively(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine demonstrated stronger protective effects on the brain compared to propofol for long-term mechanical ventilation in patients without brain injury.
文摘Data from 736 patients undergoing prosthetic heart valve replacement surgery and concomitant surgery （combined surgery） from January 1998 to January 2004 at Union Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identity risk factors for prolonged mechanical ventilation. The results showed that prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass duration, prolonged aortic cross clamp time and low ejection fraction less than 50 percent （50 %） were found to be independent predictors for prolonged mechanical ventilation. Meanwhile age, weight, and preoperative hospital stay （days） were not found to be associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation. It was concluded that. for age and weight, this might be due to the lower number of old age patients （70 years and above） included in our study and genetic body structure of majority Chinese population that favor them to be in normal weight, respectively.
基金The study protocol was approved by the Evangelismos Hospital Ethics Committee(reference number:771/2019)This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov(NCT04758910).
文摘Background Compared to conventional oxygen devices,high-flow oxygen treatment(HFOT)through the nasal cannulae has demonstrated clinical benefits.Limited data exist on whether such effects are also present in HFOT through tracheostomy.Hence,we aimed to examine the short-term effects of HFOT through tracheostomy on diaphragmatic function and respiratory parameters in tracheostomized patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation.Methods A randomized,crossover,physiological study was conducted in our ICU between December 2020 and April 2021,in patients with tracheostomy and prolonged mechanical ventilation.The patients underwent a 30-min spontaneous breathing trial(SBT)and received oxygen either via T-piece or by HFOT through tracheostomy,followed by a washout period of 15-min breathing through the T-piece and receipt of 30-min oxygen with the other modality in a randomized crossover manner.At the start and end of each session,blood gasses,breathing frequency(f),and tidal volume(VT)via a Wright's spirometer were measured,along with diaphragm ultrasonography including diaphragm excursion and diaphragmatic thickening fraction,which expressed the inspiratory muscle effort.Results Eleven patients were enrolled in whom 19 sessions were uneventfully completed;eight patients were studied twice on two different days with alternate sessions;and three patients were studied once.Patients were randomly assigned to start the SBT with a T-piece(n=10 sessions)or with HFOT(n=9 sessions).With HFOT,VT and minute ventilation(VE)significantly increased during SBT(from[465±119]mL to[549±134]mL,P<0.001 and from[12.4±4.3]L/min to[13.1±4.2]L/min,P<0.05,respectively),but they did not change significantly during SBT with T-piece(from[495±132]mL to[461±123]mL and from[12.8±4.4]mL to[12.0±4.4]mL,respectively);f/VT decreased during HFOT(from[64±31]breaths/(min∙L)to[49±24]breaths/(min∙L),P<0.001),but it did not change significantly during SBT with T-piece(from[59±28]breaths/(min∙L)to[64±33]breaths/(min∙L));partial pressure of arterial oxygen increased during HFOT(from[99±39]mmHg to[132±48]mmHg,P<0.001),but it decreased during SBT with T-piece(from[124±50]mmHg to[83±22]mmHg,P<0.01).In addition,with HFOT,diaphragmatic excursion increased(from[12.9±3.3]mm to[15.7±4.4]mm,P<0.001),but it did not change significantly during SBT with T-piece(from[13.4±3.3]mm to[13.6±3.3]mm).The diaphragmatic thickening fraction did not change during SBT either with T-piece or with HFOT.Conclusion In patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation,HFOT through tracheostomy compared with T-piece improves ventilation,pattern of breathing,and oxygenation without increasing the inspiratory muscle effort.Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov ldentifer:NCT04758910.
文摘目的探讨机械通气老年脓毒症患者早期股四头肌厚度(quadriceps muscle thickness,QMT变化与延迟撤机的关系。方法使用前瞻性观察研究的方法,选择2021年1月至2022年8月海南医学院第二附属医院重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)收治的329例机械通气老年脓毒症患者作为研究对象,分为延迟撤机组(n=93)和非延迟撤机组(n=236)。统计患者入ICU时的年龄、性别、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、查尔森合并症指数(charlson comorbidity index,CCI)评分以及首次自主呼吸试验(spontaneous breathing trial,SBT)时的序贯器官衰竭评估(sequential organ failure assessment,SOFA)评分、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评价系统Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)评分、浅快呼吸指数、机械通气时间、实验室指标及脏器支持情况。于机械通气启动和首次SBT时分别采用超声测量QMT,并计算QMT变化率。采用单因素分析、多因素logistic回归分析、受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线探讨QMT参数与机械通气老年脓毒症患者延迟撤机的关系。采用决策曲线分析法确定QMT参数预测机械通气老年脓毒症患者延迟撤机的临床实用性。结果329例患者延迟撤机93例,发生率为28.27%。延迟撤机组患者年龄≥75岁比例、CCI评分≥3分比例、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、ICU停留时间、28 d病死率以及血清乳酸水平高于或长于非延迟撤机组,而BMI低于非延迟撤机组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥75岁(OR=2.521,95%CI:1.270~5.001,P=0.008)、CCI评分≥3分(OR=2.139,95%CI:1.062~4.311,P=0.033)、首次SBT时QMT值降低(OR=0.383,95%CI:0.280~0.524,P<0.001)、QMT变化率增高(OR=1.355,95%CI:1.254~1.465,P<0.001)均是机械通气老年脓毒症患者发生延迟撤机的独立危险因素。经ROC曲线分析,QMT变化率预测机械通气老年脓毒症患者延迟撤机的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.887(95%CI:0.848~0.919),明显大于首次SBT时QMT的0.758(95%CI:0.708~0.803),差异均有统计学意义(Z=3.507,P<0.001)。经决策曲线分析,当阈值为0.10~0.70时,QMT变化率预测机械通气老年脓毒症患者延迟撤机的净获益率优于首次SBT时QMT。结论首次SBT时QMT、QMT变化率与机械通气老年脓毒症患者延迟撤机风险密切相关,其可用于预测机械通气老年脓毒症患者延迟撤机风险,并且QMT变化率的预测效能和净获益率高于首次SBT时QMT。
