A Preliminary Study of Medical Books on Health Care for the Elderly and Prolonging Life in the Early 20th Century

The present research of Chinese medical history lack detailed discussions on Chinese medicine philology of the elderly and the various sorting of related literature of physiology and diseases both at home and abroad.Based on previous literature,the article aims to introduce the publishing trend of medical books on health cultivation and prolonging life on since modern times,generally describe its significance,and initially analyze the contents related to health cultivation for the elderly.The article finds out that after the scientific concepts were imported into China in large quantities from the beginning of the 20th century,the past superstitions rose again.The sciences of nutrition,bacteriology,and physiology in such books had all verified that the road to immortality was possible.The concept of longevity at the time emphasized a concept that could be controlled by science.With the advancement of scientific research and health concepts,people believed that they could eventually achieve immortality.It was obvious that people were filled with optimism about science at that time,thus gradually subverting the definition of the elderly.

Oriental Reed Warblers do not abandon Common Cuckoo chicks during prolonged nestling periods

The Oriental Reed Warbler(Acrocephalus orientalis)is one of the most commonly used hosts for the parasitic Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus).However,as hosts that feed unrelated parasitic nestlings may suffer extra reproductive costs,they may be less willing to care for nestlings that have prolonged nestling periods.To test this hypothesis,the duration of feeding by Oriental Reed Warblers under natural conditions for their own nestlings was compared with the duration of feeding under natural conditions for Common Cuckoo nestlings and for artificially prolonged cuckoo nestlings.The results showed that Oriental Reed Warblers did not starve,drive away,or desert any of the nestlings in the experiment,and neither parent was left alone.Our experimental study indicates that both Oriental Reed Warbler parents were willing to care for nestlings with a prolonged nestling period(up to 30 days,twice the average duration time that the Oriental Reed Warblers fed their own chicks in natural conditions).However,further experiments and observations are required in other host bird species to examine whether both parents or one of the parents may exhibit the behavior of abandoning nestlings with a prolonged nestling period.

Recovering from prolonged cardiac arrest induced by electric shock:A case report

BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest(CA)induced by electric shock is a rare occurrence,particularly in cases of prolonged CA.Currently,there is limited literature on similar incidents,and we present a relevant case report.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old Asian male man,experiencing respiratory CA due to electric shock,was successfully restored to sinus rhythm after 50 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and 8 electrical defibrillation sessions.In the subsequent stages,the patient received multiple organ function protection measures,leading to a successful recovery and eventual discharge from the hospital.CONCLUSION Prolonging resuscitation time can enhance the chances of survival for patients,this study provide valuable insights into the management of electric shock-induced CA.

Brain protective effect of dexmedetomidine vs propofol for sedation during prolonged mechanical ventilation in non-brain injured patients

BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine and propofol are two sedatives used for long-term sedation.It remains unclear whether dexmedetomidine provides superior cerebral protection for patients undergoing long-term mechanical ventilation.AIM To compare the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol for sedation during prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients without brain injury.METHODS Patients who underwent mechanical ventilation for>72 h were randomly assigned to receive sedation with dexmedetomidine or propofol.The Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale(RASS)was used to evaluate sedation effects,with a target range of-3 to 0.The primary outcomes were serum levels of S100-βand neuron-specific enolase(NSE)every 24 h.The secondary outcomes were remifentanil dosage,the proportion of patients requiring rescue sedation,and the time and frequency of RASS scores within the target range.RESULTS A total of 52 and 63 patients were allocated to the dexmedetomidine group and propofol group,respectively.Baseline data were comparable between groups.No significant differences were identified between groups within the median duration of study drug infusion[52.0(IQR:36.0-73.5)h vs 53.0(IQR:37.0-72.0)h,P=0.958],the median dose of remifentanil[4.5(IQR:4.0-5.0)μg/kg/h vs 4.6(IQR:4.0-5.0)μg/kg/h,P=0.395],the median percentage of time in the target RASS range without rescue sedation[85.6%(IQR:65.8%-96.6%)vs 86.7%(IQR:72.3%-95.3),P=0.592],and the median frequency within the target RASS range without rescue sedation[72.2%(60.8%-91.7%)vs 73.3%(60.0%-100.0%),P=0.880].The proportion of patients in the dexmedetomidine group who required rescue sedation was higher than in the propofol group with statistical significance(69.2%vs 50.8%,P=0.045).Serum S100-βand NSE levels in the propofol group were higher than in the dexmedetomidine group with statistical significance during the first six and five days of mechanical ventilation,respectively(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine demonstrated stronger protective effects on the brain compared to propofol for long-term mechanical ventilation in patients without brain injury.

Predicting prolonged postoperative ileus in gastric cancer patients based on bowel sounds using intelligent auscultation and machine learning

BACKGROUND Prolonged postoperative ileus(PPOI)delays the postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients with gastric cancer(GC),leading to longer hospitalization and higher healthcare expenditure.However,effective monitoring of gastrointestinal recovery in patients with GC remains challenging because of AIM To explore the risk factors for delayed postoperative bowel function recovery and evaluate bowel sound indicators collected via an intelligent auscultation system to guide clinical practice.METHODS This study included data from 120 patients diagnosed with GC who had undergone surgical treatment and postoperative bowel sound monitoring in the Department of General Surgery II at Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital between January 2019 and January 2021.Among them,PPOI was reported in 33 cases.The patients were randomly divided into the training and validation cohorts.Significant variables from the training cohort were identified using univariate and multivariable analyses and were included in the model.RESULTS The analysis identified six potential variables associated with PPOI among the included participants.The incidence rate of PPOI was 27.5%.Age≥70 years,cTNM stage(Ⅰ and Ⅳ),preoperative hypoproteinemia,recovery time of bowel sounds(RTBS),number of bowel sounds(NBS),and frequency of bowel sounds(FBS)were independent risk factors for PPOI.The Bayesian model demonstrated good performance with internal validation:Training cohort[area under the curve(AUC)=0.880,accuracy=0.823,Brier score=0.139]and validation cohort(AUC=0.747,accuracy=0.690,Brier score=0.215).The model showed a good fit and calibration in the decision curve analysis,indicating a significant net benefit.CONCLUSION PPOI is a common complication following gastrectomy in patients with GC and is associated with age,cTNM stage,preoperative hypoproteinemia,and specific bowel sound-related indices(RTBS,NBS,and FBS).To facilitate early intervention and improve patient outcomes,clinicians should consider these factors,optimize preoperative nutritional status,and implement routine postoperative bowel sound monitoring.This study introduces an accessible machine learning model for predicting PPOI in patients with GC.

Hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin,doubase C,and QTc prolongation in congolese patients with COVID-19:Myth or reality?

BACKGROUND QTc interval prolongation with an increased risk of torsade de pointes(Tsd)has been described in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients treated with hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)and azithromycin(AZI)in Western countries.In the DR Congo,few studies have evaluated the safety of this association or proposed new molecules.AIM To determine the incidence of QTc prolongation and Tsd in COVID-19 patients treated with HCQ-AZIs vs doubase C(new molecule).METHODS In present randomized clinical trial,we have included patients with mild or moderate COVID-19 treated with either HCQ-AZI or doubase C.Electrocardiogram(ECG)changes on day 14 of randomization were determined based on pretreatment tracing.Prolonged QTc was defined as≥500 ms on day 14 or an increase of≥80 ms compared to pretreatment tracing.Patients with cardiac disease,those undergoing other treatments likely to prolong QTc,and those with disturbed ECG tracings were excluded from the study.RESULTS The study included 258 patients(mean age 41±15 years;52%men;3.4%diabetics,11.1%hypertensive).Mild and moderate COVID-19 were found in 93.5%and 6.5%of patients,respectively.At baseline,all patients had normal sinus rhythm,a mean heart rate 78±13/min,mean PR space 170±28 ms,mean QRS 76±13 ms,and mean QTc 405±30 ms.No complaints suggesting cardiac involvement were reported during or after treatment.Only four patients(1.5%)experienced QTc interval prolongation beyond 500 ms.Similarly,only five patients(1.9%)had an increase in the QTc interval of more than 80 ms.QTc prolongation was more significant in younger patients,those with high viral load at baseline,and those receiving HCQ-AZI(P<0.05).None of the patients developed Tsd.CONCLUSION QTc prolongation without Tsd was observed at a lower frequency in patients treated with HCQ-AZI vs doubase C.The absence of comorbidities and concurrent use of other products that are likely to cause arrhythmia may explain our results.

Application of prolonging small feeding volumes early in life to prevent of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight preterm infants

Objective:To study the effects of prolonging small feeding volumes early in life on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)in very low birth weight(VLBW)preterm infants.Methods:A total of 128 VLBW infants who could not be breastfed were assigned into the experimental group(63 cases)and the control group(65 cases)using a random number table.The experiment group was fed 12 mL/(kg·d)on day 1 which was increased to 24 mL/(kg·d)for the first 10 study days.The control group was fed 12 mL/(kg·d)for the first 14e48 hours.Then,the feeding volume increased by 24-36 mL/(kg·d)up to 140e160 mL/(kg·d)and maintained until the 10th day after birth.The incidence of feeding intolerance and NEC,duration of hospitalization,time to full enteral feedings,incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis,and the levels of gastrin and motilin in serum were assessed.Results:The incidence of feeding intolerance was significantly lower in the experimental group compared with the control group(15.87% vs.33.84%).There was a significant reduction in the incidence of NEC between the experimental and control groups(7.9% vs.16% in the control group).Conclusion:A protocol that prolongs small feeding volumes early in life can reduce the incidence and severity of NEC,but still warrants further study.

Curbing Charging Currents in Pulsed Field Emission by Prolonging Pulse Edges

In field emission under a non-dc voltage, a displacement current is inevitable due to charging the cathode–anode condenser. Under an often-used square voltage pulse, in which the voltage rises from zero to a certain value abruptly, the charging current in the circuit is very large at the rising and falling edges. This large charging current makes measurement of the actual emissive current from the cathode difficult, constitutes a threat to the components in the circuit and causes attenuation of the emissive current within the pulse. To alleviate these drawbacks, trapezoid voltage pulses, whose rising edges are extended dramatically in comparison with square voltage pulses, are employed to extract the field emission. Under a trapezoid voltage pulse, the charging current is clearly lowered as expected. Furthermore, the heat generated by the charging current under the trapezoid voltage pulse is much smaller than that under the square voltage pulse. Hence the emissive current does not show any attenuation within the pulse. Finally, the average emissive currents are found to decrease with the repetition frequency of the pulses.

Convenient design of anti-wetting nano-Al/WO_(3)metastable intermolecular composites(MICs)with an enhanced exothermic life-span

For solving the dilemma of the short exothermic life-span of WO_(3)based metastable interstitial composites(MICs)with extensive application prospect,this paper has firstly designed the promising antiwetting Al/WO_(3)MICs via electrophoresis assembly of nano-Al and WO_(3)particles fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis method,followed by the subsequent fluorination treatment.A combination of X ray diffraction(XRD),field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)techniques were utilized in order to characterize the crystal structure,microstructure,and elemental composition distribution of target films after different natural exposure tests.The product with uniform distribution and high purity possesses a high contact angle of~170°and a minute sliding angle of~1°,and displays the outstanding anti-wetting property using droplets with different surface tensions.It also shows great moisture stability in high relative-humidity circumstances after one year of the natural exposure experiment.Notably,the heat output of a fresh sample can reach up to 2.3 kJ/g and retain 96%after the whole exposure test,showing outstanding thermo-stability for at least one year.This work further proposed the mechanism of antiwetting Al/WO_(3)MICs considering the variation tendency of their DSC curve,providing a valuable theoretical reference for designing other self-protected MICs with a long exothermic life-span applied in wide fields of national defense,military industry,etc.

Gemcitabine-induced peripheral vascular disease and prolonged response in a patient with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Gemcitabine is an antimetabolite used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.One of the side effects of gemcitabine is vascular toxicity.Here,we report the case of a patient treated with gemcitabine who had peripheral vascular disease concomi-tant with a prolonged antitumor response.CASE SUMMARY A 75-year-old man was diagnosed with locally recurrent pancreatic cancer.Partial response was achieved after 9 mo of gemcitabine.At the same time,the patient reported peripheral vascular disease without necrosis.Chemotherapy was suspended,and after one month the Positron Emission Tomography(PET)scan showed locoregional tumor recurrence.Gemcitabine was resumed and partial response was obtained,but peripheral vascular disease occurred.CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the appearance of peripheral vascular disease may be related to a prolonged response to gemcitabine.

老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后延长应用替格瑞洛对临床转归的影响

目的探讨老年(年龄≥65岁)急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后延长应用替格瑞洛对临床转归的影响。方法纳入2018年2月至2021年2月在秦皇岛市第一医院行PCI后接受替格瑞洛+阿司匹林双联抗血小板治疗(DAPT)的≥65岁急性STEMI患者105例(应用DAPT评分系统评估均≥2分),在阿司匹林长期用药基础上,根据患者服用替格瑞洛时间不同分为对照组(n=37,使用时间为PCI治疗后1年)与观察组(n=68,在对照组基础上再延长替格瑞洛治疗1年),其中观察组根据延长应用替格瑞洛的剂量不同又分为2个亚组,即观察A组(n=40,标准剂量,90 mg/次,每日2次)和观察B组(n=28,小剂量,45 mg/次,每日2次)。比较3组患者急诊PCI术后心肌梗死溶栓治疗(TIMI)3级血流、心电图完全回落比例、血栓弹力图中的血小板功能(MA)、二磷酸腺苷诱导的血小板聚集率;随访1年,主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)、出血事件发生情况。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,组间比较采用t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果PCI术后,观察A、B组的TIMI 3级血流患者比例显著高于对照组(χ^(2)=4.699、4.353;P=0.030、0.036),而观察A组与观察B组组间差异无统计学意义。PCI治疗后2年,观察A、B组血栓弹力图中的MA值、二磷酸腺苷诱导的血小板聚集率明显低于对照组(t=8.752、6.524;均P<0.001),但观察A组、观察B组比较差异无统计学意义。随访1年,3组总MACCE发生率比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.354;P=0.039),其中观察组A、B组MACCE发生率均显著低于对照组(χ^(2)=4.769、5.082;P=0.028、0.024),但观察A组与观察B组间差异无统计学意义;3组患者出血事件发生率差异均无统计学意义。结论老年(≥65岁)STEMI患者(DAPT评分≥2分)PCI后延长应用替格瑞洛可能降低主要不良心脑血管事件发生率,且小剂量(45mg/次)替格瑞洛并未增加出血发生的风险,仍需长期随访观察进一步证实。

脑出血患者术后延迟脱机的危险因素分析及预测模型建立

目的 分析脑出血患者术后延迟脱机的危险因素并建立预测模型。方法 选择2014年10月-2021年10月北京大学人民医院重症医学科(ICU)收治的因脑出血行外科手术的207例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据2007年欧洲呼吸学会共识,将207例患者分为延迟脱机组(n=66)与非延迟脱机组(n=141)。比较两组患者基本情况及手术相关状况;采用多因素logistic回归分析患者延迟脱机的危险因素,并构建延迟脱机风险评估列线图并验证。结果 与非延迟脱机组比较,延迟脱机组患者合并心脑血管疾病比例较高、入院格拉斯哥昏迷评分法(GCS)评分较低、术前合并脑疝比例较高,急诊手术、接受骨瓣减压比例较高,且术后急性生理与慢性健康(APACH)Ⅱ评分、GCS评分、发生肺不张比例、脱机失败率、死亡发生率均较高,住ICU时间及住院时间均较长(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析提示,急诊手术、术后氧合指数低、术后至脱机前最高GCS评分低及发生肺不张是导致术后脱机延迟的独立危险因素(P<0.05),联合此4项指标构建Nomogram风险预测模型,其受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)为0.855(95%CI 0.804~0.907),Hosmer-Lemeshow检验表明模型拟合度较好(P=0.659)。结论 延迟脱机可导致患者机械通气时间、住ICU时间及住院时间延长,脱机失败率及院内死亡风险增加。Nomogram模型对预测延迟脱机具有一定价值,可帮助临床医师早期发现高风险患者,并及时调整通气策略。

益生菌对急腹症术后延迟性肠麻痹的影响

目的评价使用益生菌对急腹症术后延迟性肠麻痹(PPOI)的影响。方法回顾性分析2018-01至2024-01在武警江西总队医院因急腹症行手术的56例患者的临床资料,按照治疗方式分为益生菌组和对照组,各28例。收集两组患者的基本资料,包括年龄、性别、手术类型、手术方式、手术时间及出血量。比较术后第1、7天的炎症反应、营养状况、肠道功能恢复情况和PPOI发生率的差异。结果两组治疗后的中心粒细胞计数、C反应蛋白、白蛋白差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。益生菌组首次排气时间[(46.29±23.06)hvs.(64.29±27.25)h;P<0.05]和住院时间[(236.57±97.22)hvs.(314.14±151.59)h;P<0.05]短于对照组,PPOI发生率更低(10.71%vs.39.29%;P<0.05)。结论急腹症术后使用益生菌利于减轻炎症反应,促进患者肠功能恢复和减少PPOI发生。

基于“久病入络”理论探讨“从虚而始,因虚致瘀,瘀痹骨络”的激素性股骨头坏死核心病机观

激素性股骨头坏死(Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head, SONFH)是骨科常见疾病,随着激素应用率提升其发病率也逐年增加。随着“久病入络”理论的研究不断深入,特此提出“从虚而始,因虚致瘀,瘀痹骨络”为激素性股骨头坏死发病病机,强调药邪是SONFH的致病因素,肝脾肾三脏亏虚是SONFH发病基础,脏腑亏虚,功能减退,血行涩滞导致SONFH进展,瘀血痹阻骨络是SONFH的病机关键,以期建立“从虚而始,因虚致瘀,瘀痹骨络”的特色辨治体系,为中医药治疗SONFH提供理论基础。

口腔颌面间隙感染患者全麻术后机械通气时间延长的危险因素分析

目的:分析口腔颌面间隙感染全麻术后患者机械通气时间延长(prolonged mechanical ventilation,PMV)的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院急诊科住院行全麻手术的口腔颌面多间隙感染患者74例。根据术后机械通气时间分为非PMV组(≤2 d)和PMV组(>2 d)。收集患者的病史资料、辅助检查及临床转归等数据,采用Logistic回归分析引起PMV的危险因素;绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),评估相关指标对PMV的预测价值。采用SPSS 11.5软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:入组患者平均年龄(62.53±17.74)岁,男46例(62.2%)。术后机械通气中位时间2天,PMV组32例(43.3%)。PMV组较非PMV组的术后新发肺炎率高(P=0.04),住院时间延长(P=0.01)。多因素回归分析显示,存在咽旁间隙感染(OR=4.06,95%CI:1.38~12.04,P=0.01)及术后自主呼吸试验前动脉二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))(OR=1.10,95%CI:1.02~1.18,P=0.01)是PMV的独立危险因素。PMV组前白蛋白显著低于非PMV组(P<0.01),ROC曲线分析提示其对PMV的预测价值较好(AUC=0.772,95%CI:0.602~0.843,P=0.01)。结论:PMV不利于口腔颌面间隙感染全麻手术患者的预后,及时发现危险因素有助于临床早期干预,尽早脱机和成功拔管。

严重原发性产后出血的影响因素分析

目的探讨导致分娩产妇严重原发性产后出血(PPH)的独立危险因素。方法回顾性选取2016年12月至2021年12月九江市妇幼保健院收治的536例合并PPH的分娩产妇作为研究对象,根据分娩产妇PPH严重程度分为非严重PPH组(n=125)和严重PPH组(n=411)。采用单因素分析和logistic多因素回归分析探讨分娩产妇严重PPH的危险因素。结果非严重PPH组和严重PPH组分别占所有分娩产妇的2.1%和0.49%。单因素分析结果显示,两组产妇的年龄、孕前体重指数(BMI)、分娩次数、剖宫产史、羊水过多、出生体重、多胎妊娠、严重子痫前期、绒毛膜羊膜炎、产程延长、分娩方式和全身麻醉情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,剖宫产史(β=0.884,OR=3.15,95%CI=1.02~10.30)、产程延长(β=1.821,OR=3.62,95%CI=3.21~4.03)和紧急剖宫产(β=0.835,OR=4.75,95%CI=1.32~12.96)是严重PPH的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论具有剖宫产史、产程延长及接受紧急剖宫产的产妇需引起重视,避免不必要的剖宫产、长时间分娩及紧急剖宫产发生率,减少严重PPH的发生。

P300与慢性意识障碍患者经颅直流电刺激响应的相关性研究

目的:利用两组加工深度递增式变化的事件相关电位(ERP)Oddball范式探讨经颅直流电刺激(t DCS)响应慢性意识障碍患者的电生理学特征。方法:研究纳入17例无反应觉醒综合征(UWS)和30例微意识状态(MCS)患者,对其进行两组加工深度递增式变化范式的ERP检查,后在连续10个工作日内接受20次左侧前额叶背外侧(DLPFC)区域t DCS治疗,根据改良昏迷恢复量表(CRS-R)评估结果分为响应者和非响应者,分析干预响应者一般情况特征及电生理学特征。结果:在UWS患者中,性别、年龄、病程、接受手术情况、CRS-R评分、P300出现情况均与t DCS响应性无关(P>0.05);而在MCS患者中,CRS-R评分(P=0.015)和反名-正名(DO)范式中P300出现情况(P=0.005)与tDCS响应性相关,而性别、年龄、病程、接受手术情况、纯音—正名(TO)范式中P300出现情况与响应性无关(P>0.05)。结论:更高的CRS-R评分和分层听觉ERP范式中P300的存在,特别是DO范式中的P300成分与MCS患者的tDCS响应性有关,推测是由于DO范式中P300成分代表患者残存的语义加工处理能力,因此具有优先恢复的能力。

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后Trocar疝六例临床分析

目的分析腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)术后Trocar疝(TSH)的发病特点及防治策略。方法回顾性分析解放军96601部队医院2007年1月至2022年9月择期行LC手术术后发生TSH患者的临床资料,LC术后随访1年。结果11500例LC患者术后发生TSH共6例,发病率为0.05%,其中体质指数(BMI)>28 kg/m2患者占83.3%,切口延长(取胆囊部位切口>1 cm)患者占100%,糖尿病患者占66.7%;TSH发病时间为术后5 d~16个月,5例发生在剑突下,1例发生在脐部。结论LC术后TSH是一种或多种因素共同作用的结果,提高对TSH的认识并改良手术方式,将有助于降低TSH的发病率,改善LC患者的整体预后。

经皮耳甲迷走神经刺激治疗慢性意识障碍临床观察

目的 观察经皮耳甲迷走神经刺激(taVNS)治疗慢性意识障碍(pDoC)的临床效果。方法选取宝鸡第三医院2020-06—2022-12收治的68例pDoC患者,随机分成对照组与治疗组各34例。对照组接受常规促醒治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上接受taVNS治疗,2组患者均治疗4周。对比2组患者格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分、昏迷恢复量表(CRS-R)评分、全身无反应性量表(FOUR)评分、安全性及临床疗效。结果 治疗后,2组患者的GCS单项评分(睁眼、言语和运动)及总分、CRS-R单项评分(听觉、视觉、运动、言语、交流和唤醒)及总分和FOUR单项评分(眼部、运动、脑干和呼吸)及总分均升高(均P<0.05),且治疗组GCS单项评分(睁眼和言语)及总分、CRS-R单项评分(听觉、视觉、言语、交流和唤醒)及总分和FOUR单项评分(眼部和脑干)及总分优于对照组(均P<0.05),但2组患者的GCS单项评分(运动)、CRS-R单项评分(运动)和FOUR单项评分(运动和呼吸)评分比较不明显(均P>0.05)。2组患者均未发生不良事件。治疗组总有效率(79.41%)显著高于对照组(61.76%)(P<0.05)。结论 taVNS治疗pDoC有一定的疗效,可改善患者意识障碍程度,且安全可靠。

长期机械通气患儿的死亡影响因素分析

背景近年来PICU接受长期机械通气(PMV)的患儿数量迅速增长,但影响PMV患儿死亡的因素尚不清楚。目的分析PICU接受PMV患儿死亡的影响因素。设计回顾性队列研究。方法纳入2020年10月1日至2021年6月30日重庆医科大学附属儿童医院PICU中有创机械通气持续时间≥14 d且每天通气时间≥6 h的连续病例,以出院后1个月生存和死亡为结局,从病例中截取入PICU时、在PICU治疗和出院时的信息,采用Cox回归分析影响死亡的因素。主要结局指标影响PMV患儿死亡的因素。结果研究期间PICU共收治1815例患儿,机械通气1144例,符合本文纳入标准的PMV患儿127例,出院后1个月随访时存活组99例、死亡组28例(22.0%)。选择了入PICU时信息、PICU治疗信息和出院信息中的10项变量构建多因素Cox比例风险模型,出院后1个月时死亡风险:病程中的PELOD2评分≥4分是<4分的2.9倍(HR=2.893,95%CI:1.182~7.079),输血治疗是不输血治疗的2.8倍(HR=2.766,95%CI:1.012~7.558),血液净化治疗是未行血液净化治疗的3倍(HR=2.978,95%CI:1.108~8.006),机械通气时间≥30 d是<30 d的3.1倍(HR=3.062,95%CI:1.282~7.312),总住院时间≥35 d较<35 d出院后1个月时的死亡风险降低了89%(HR=0.112,95%CI:0.037~7.312)。结论PICU接受PMV患儿出院后1个月的病死率为22%,病程中的PELOD2评分≥4分、输血治疗、血液净化治疗、机械通气时间≥30 d可使出院后1个月时的死亡风险升高2倍左右,总住院时间≥35 d可降低出院后1个月时的死亡风险。