The Promotion Effect of Low-Molecular Hydroxyl Compounds on the Nano-Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Fulvic Acid and Mechanism

A significant promotion effect of low-molecular hydroxyl compounds(LMHCs) was found in the nano-photoelectrocatalytic(NPEC) degradation of fulvic acid(FA),which is a typical kind of humic acid existing widely in natural water bodies,and its influence mechanism was proposed.A TiO_2 nanotube arrays(TNAs) material is served as the photoanode.Methanol,ethanediol,and glycerol were chosen as the representative of LMHCs in this study.The adsorption performance of organics on the surface of TNAs was investigated by using the instantaneous photocurrent value.The adsorption constants of FA,methanol,ethanediol,and glycerol were 43.44,19.32,7.00,and 1.30,respectively,which indicates that FA has the strongest adsorption property.The degradation performance of these organics and their mixture were observed in a thin-layer reactor.It shows that FA could hardly achieve exhausted mineralization alone,while LMHCs could be easily oxidized completely in the same condition.The degradation degree of FA,which is added LMHCs,improves significantly and the best promotion effect is achieved by glycerol.The promotion effect of LMHCs in the degradation of FA could be contributed to the formation of a tremendous amount of hydroxyl radicals in the NPEC process.The hydroxyl radicals could facilitate the complete degradation of both FA and its intermediate products.Among the chosen LMHCs,glycerol molecule which has three hydroxyls could generate the most hydroxyl radicals and contribute the best effective promotion.This work provides a new way to promote the NPEC degradation of FA and a direction to remove humus from polluted water.

The Biological Promotion Effect of a new Biological Promotive Ceramsite

Tourmaline can promote the growth of microorganisms under the temperature less than 900 ℃ by experiment. However, this promotion effect will vanish at 900 ℃ as a result of denaturation. Through the XRD analysis the crystal form change can explain the vanishment of tourmaline’s biological promotion effect at high temperature. Therefore, tourmaline as a biological promoter was used to prepare a kind of biological promotive ceramsite with the surface area of 7.914 m2/g, pore volume of 0.1002 mg/L, superficial pH value of 7.8, Zeta potential of 25 mV, unit water absorption of 0.1365 g/g, biocompatibility of 0.023 A/g and SICE of 0.8456. The experimental results show that the biomass of biological promotive ceramsite is 3.58 times more than that of ordinary ceramsite, and the treatment effect of the biological promotive ceramsite is better than the ordinary ceramsite. These features of this new biological promotive ceramsite makes it a preferable biovector.

Promotion effect of adsorbed water/OH on the catalytic performance of Ag/activated carbon catalysts for CO preferential oxidation in excess H_2

Activated carbon （AC） supported silver catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method and their catalytic performance for CO preferential oxidation （PROX） in excess H2 was evaluated. Ag/AC catalysts, after reduction in H2 at low temperatures （≤200 ℃） following heat treatment in He at 200 ℃ （He200H200）, exhibited the best catalytic properties. Temperature-programmed desorption （TPD）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and temperature-programmed reduction （TPR） results indicated that silver oxides were produced during heat treatment in He at 200 ℃ which were reduced to metal silver nanoparticles in H2 at low temperatures （≤200 ℃）, simultaneously generating the adsorbed water/OH. CO conversion was enhanced 40% after water treatment following heat treatment in He at 600 ℃. These results imply that the metal silver nanoparticles are the active species and the adsorbed water/OH has noticeable promotion effects on CO oxidation. However, the promotion effect is still limited compared to gold catalysts under the similar conditions, which may be the reason of low selectivity to CO oxidation in PROX over silver catalysts. The reported Ag/AC-S-He catalyst after He200H200 treatment displayed similar PROX of CO reaction properties to Ag/SiO2. This means that Ag/AC catalyst is also an efficient low-temperature CO oxidation catalyst.

PROMOTION EFFECT OF KF ON THE BASIC PROPERTIES OF ZrO_2

Basicity of ZrO2 is enhanced by KF modification due to the reaction of KF with ZrO2 surface: KF+ ZrO2-> K2ZrF6 + KOH. After pretreated above 673K, KF/ZrO2 catalyst exhibited higher activity for 1-butene isomerization at 273K than ZrO2. The amount of basic sites strongly adsorbing CO2 in the form of bicarbonate was also increased.

PROMOTION EFFECT OF PYRIDINE FOR THE DIRECT ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF CYTOCHROME C AT GOLD ELECTRODES

It was found for the first time that the compounds with only one functional group, such as pyridine, can show the promotion effect for the electrochemical reaction of cytochrome C at gold electrodes.

Iridium-based catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in acidic media:Mechanism,catalytic promotion effects and recent progress

Iridium(Ir)-based catalysts are highly efficient for the anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)due to high stability and anti-corrosion ability in the strong acid electrolyte.Recently,intensive attention has been directed to novel,efficient,and low-cost Ir-based catalysts to overcome the challenges of their application in the water electrolysis technique.To make a comprehensive understanding of the recently developed Ir-based catalysts and their catalytic properties,the mechanism and catalytic promotion principles of Ir-based catalysts were discussed for OER in the acid condition aimed for the proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer(PEMWE)in this review.The OER catalytic mechanisms of the adsorbate evolution mechanism and the lattice oxygen mechanism were first presented and discussed for easy understanding of the catalytic mechanism;a brief perspective analysis of promotion principles from the aspects of geometric effect,electronic effect,synergistic effect,defect engineering,support effect was concluded.Then,the latest progress and the practical application of Ir-based catalysts were introduced in detail,which was classified into the varied composition of Ir catalyst in terms of alloys,hetero-element doping,perovskite,pyrochlore,heterostructure,core-shell structure,and supported catalysts.Finally,the problems and challenges faced by the current Ir-based catalyst in the acidic electrolyte were put forward.It is concluded that highly efficient catalysts with low Ir loading should be developed in the future,and attention should be paid to probing the structural and performance correlation,and their application in real PEMWE devices.Hopefully,the current effort can be helpful in the catalysis mechanism understanding of Ir-based catalysts for OER,and instructive to the novel efficient catalysts design and fabrication.

Promoting effect of super absorbent polymer on hydrate formation

The effect of super absorbent polymer（SAP） on the formation of tetrahydrofuran（THF） hydrate was studied by the successional cooling method.It was found that THF solution samples with 0.004 wt% and 0.03 wt% of SAP formed THF hydrate completely during the same cooling process.The corresponding induction time was 16-29 min,14-31 min,respectively,which was obviously shorter than that of THF solution samples without SAP（25-62 min）.It indicated that SAP accelerated the formation of THF hydrate.At the same time,the pictures of hydrate formation with and without SAP had been compared.It was found that SAP did not change the morphology of the hydrate.Finally,the mechanism of SAP promoting effect on the formation of THF hydrate was suggested.

A critical review on phytochemical profile and health promoting effects of mung bean (Vigna radiata)

The seeds and sprouts of mung bean are very common cruise in Asia.Evidence showed that bioactive compounds in mung bean have emerged as an increasing scientific interest due to their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases.All data of in vitro,in vivo and clinical studies of mung bean and its impact on human health were collected from a library database and electronic search.Botanical,phytochemical and pharmacological information was gathered and orchestrated.Remarkable studies have been demonstrated,showing the enhancement of metabolites in mung bean during the sprouting process,which possesses various health benefiting bioactive compounds.These compounds have been frequently attributed to their antioxidant,anti-diabetic,antimicrobial,anti-hyperlipidemic and antihypertensive effect,anti-inflammatory,and anticancer,anti-tumor and anti-mutagenic properties.In this critical review,we aimed to study the insight of the nutritional compositions,phytochemistry,and healthpromoting effects of mung bean and its sprouts.The various curative potential of mung bean provides successive preclinical outcomes in the field of drug discovery and this review strongly recommends that mung bean is an excellent nutritive legume,which modulates or prevents chronic degenerative diseases.

Promoting effect of chloride ions on selective oxidation of methanol to methyl formate over zirconia-supported ruthenium oxide catalysts

The effect of chloride ions on a monoclinic ZrO2-supported RuOx （RuOx/m-ZrO2） catalyst with a Ru surface density of 0.3 Ru/nm2 was studied in the selective oxidation of methanol to methyl formate （MF） at a low temperature of 373 K. The m-ZrO2 support was Cl-free, and Cl- ions were introduced into the RuOx/m-ZrO2 catalyst by impregnation with zirconium oxychloride or ammonium chloride and subsequent thermal treatment in air at 673 K. The structures of these catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. Their reducibility was probed by temperature-programmed reduction in H2. The RuOx domains were present as highly dispersed Rut42- structure on m-ZrO2 with similar reducibility for the RuOx/m-ZrO2 samples irrespective of modification with or without Cl ions. Introduction of appropriate amounts of zirconium oxychloride into RuOx/m-ZrO2 led to a remarkable increase in the methanol oxidation rate and MF selectivity, whereas introduction of ammonium chloride or zirconyl nitrate significantly inhibited the catalytic performance of RuOx/m-ZrO2. The promoting effect of Cl- ions derived from zirconium oxychloride can be tentatively attributed to their roles in facilitating the adsorption of methanol and desorption of MF product or its intermediates. This finding provides novel insights into the promoting effect of Cl- ions on oxides-based catalysts for selective oxidation reactions.

Insight into the promotional mechanism of Cu modification towards wide-temperature NH3-SCR performance of NbCe catalyst

A simple strategy of Cu modification was proposed to broaden the operation temperature window for NbCe catalyst.The best catalyst Cu0.010/Nb1Ce3 presented over 90%NO conversion in a wide temperature range of 200-400℃and exhibited an excellent H_(2)O or/and SO_(2) resistance at 275℃.To understand the promotional mechanism of Cu modification,the correlation among the"activity-structure-property"were tried to establish systematically.Cu species highly dispersed on NbCe catalyst to serve as the active component.The strong interaction among Cu,Nb and Ce promoted the emergence of NbO4 and induced more Bronsted acid sites.And Cu modification obviously enhanced the redox behavior of the NbCe catalyst.Besides,EPR probed the Cu species exited in the form of monomeric and dimeric Cu^(2+),the isolated Cu^(2+)acted as catalytic active sites to promote the reaction:Cu^(2+)-NO_(3)^(-)+NO(g)→Cu^(2+)-NO_(2)^(-)+NO_(2)(g).Then the generated NO_(2) would accelerate the fast-SCR reaction process and thus facilitated the lowtemperature deNO_(x) efficiency.Moreover,surface nitrates became unstable and easy to decompose after Cu modification,thus providing additional adsorption and activation sites for NH3,and ensuring the improvement of catalytic activity at high temperature.Since the NH3-SCR reaction followed by E-R reaction pathway efficaciously over Cu_(0.010)/Nb_(1)Ce_(3) catalyst,the excellent H_(2)O and SO_(2) resistance was as expected.

Effect of Low Concentration of Yttrium on Physiological Characteristics of Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.)

There is no doubt that rare earth elements stand an important position among the essential elements of plant growth and it is long time since they are first used as plant growth promoters. Given their effects on microstructure, most reports are focused on the toxicology rather than promotion. Using cucumis sativus L. (Jin Chun No.5) as experiment material, we try to find out the nutritional effects of low Y3+ concentrations on cucumber seedlings′ leaves. The present paper suggests that the rare earth elements act as micronutrients at low concentrations while they give rise to toxicity at high concentration. Benefits defeat toxicity with concentration ranging from 5 to 25 μmol·L-1. Through careful study, at the Y(NO3)3 concentration of 10 μmol·L-1 the content of chlorophyll as well as the activities of SOD, Cu-Zn SOD and the POD are the highest. It indicates 10 μmol·L-1 is the optimum concentration of yttrium for promoting the cucumber growth.

MECHANISM OF PROMOTING EFFECTS OF RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY ON CARCINOGENESIS OF NITROSAMINES (EFFECTS ON RAT LIVER GLUTATHIONE CONTENT)

The effects of riboflavin deficiency and simultaneously nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) given by gastric intubation on the hepatic glutathione (GSH) content were examined in rats. On different days of the experiment, hepatic GSH content of the riboflavin deficient rats decreased to 55-61% of the control rats. When NDMA was given 6 mg kg by gastric intubation to riboflavin deficient rats, hepatic GSH content decreased markedly to 39-43% of the control rats. After supplying riboflavin, hepatie GSH content of the deficient rats recovered to the level of the control rats. These results suggest that alterations of rat hepatic GSH content during riboflavin deficiency may imply as one of the promoting effects of riboflavin deficiency on the carcinogenesis of nitrosamines.

THE PROMOTING EFFECT OF FLUORIDE TO OCM OCTALYST ZrO_2-BaF_2

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Neuregulin 1 isoforms could be an effective therapeutic candidate to promote peripheral nerve regeneration

Traumatic injuries of peripheral nerves represent common casualties and their social impact is considerably high. Although peripheral nerves retain a good regeneration potential, the clinical outcome after nerve lesion is far from being satisfactory and functional recovery is almost never complete, especially in the case of large nerve defects, that result in loss or diminished sensitivity and/or motor activity of the innervated target organs. Therefore, to improve the outcome after nerve damage, or in peripheral neuropathies, there is a need for further research in nerve repair and regeneration to identify factors that promote axonal regrowth, remvelination and target reinnervation.

Multidrug dissolvable microneedle patch for the treatment of recurrent oral ulcer

Recurrent oral ulcer is a painful oral mucosal disorder that affects 20%of the world’s population.The lack of a radical cure due to its unknown underlying cause calls for innovative symptomatic treatments.This work reports a hyaluronic acid-based dissolvablemicroneedle patch(ROUMNpatch,short for recurrent oral ulcer microneedle)loaded with dexamethasone acetate,vitamin C and tetracaine hydrochloride for the treatment of recurrent oral ulcers.The ROUMN patch shows enhancement in both the anti-inflammatory effect elicited by dexamethasone and the pro-proliferation effect of vitamin C.In vitro experiments show that ROUMN has a higher efficiency in suppressing lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced interleukin-6(IL-6)expression than dexamethasone alone.Cell proliferation and migrationwere also significantly promoted byROUMNcompared to vitamin C alone.The healing-promoting effect of ROUMN was also verified in vivo using an acetic acid-cauterized oral ulcer model in rats.ROUMN as a treatment accelerated the healing process of oral ulcers,shortening the total healing time to 5 days compared with the 7 days required by treatment using watermelon frost,a commonly used over-the-counter(OTC)drug for oral ulcers.The rapid dissolution of the hyaluronic acid-based microneedles and the superior healing-promoting effect of the drug combination could lead to a broad application prospect of the ROUMN patch in the treatment of recurrent oral ulcers.

Tuning the properties of Ni-based catalyst via La incorporation for efficient hydrogenation of petroleum resin

The hydrogenation of petroleum resin(PR)is an effective process to prepare high value-added hydrogenated PR(HPR).However,the preparation of non-noble metal-based catalysts with high catalytic activity for PR hydrogenation still remains a challenge.Herein,a La promoted Ni-based catalyst is reported through the thermal reduction of quaternary Ni La Mg Al-layered double hydroxides(Ni La Mg Al-LDHs).The incorporation of La is beneficial to the reduction and stability of Ni particles with reduced particle size,and the increased alkalinity effectively mitigates the breakage of molecular chains of PR.As a result,the La promoted Ni-based catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity and excellent stability for PR hydrogenation.A hydrogenation degree of 95.4%and 96.1%can be achieved for HC_(5)PR and HC_(9) PR with less reduced softening point,respectively.Notably,the hydrogenation degree still maintains at 92.7%even after 100 hours’reaction,much better than that without La incorporation or prepared using conventional impregnation method.

Research Progress on the Growth-Promoting Effect of Plant Biostimulants on Crops

A Plant Biostimulant is any substance or microorganism applied to plants to enhance nutrition efficiency,abioticstress tolerance,and/or crop quality traits,regardless of its nutrient content.The application of Plant biostimulants(PBs)in production can reduce the application of traditional pesticides and chemical fertilizers and improvethe quality and yield of crops,which is conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture.An in-depthunderstanding of the mechanism and effect of various PBs is very important for how to apply PBs reasonablyand effectively in the practice of crop production.This paper summarizes the main classification of PBs;Thegrowth promotion mechanism of PBs was analyzed from four aspects:improving soil physical and chemical properties,enhancing crop nutrient absorption capacity,photosynthesis capacity,and abiotic stress tolerance;At thesame time,the effects of PBs application on seed germination,seedling vigor,crop yield,and quality were summarized;Finally,how to continue to explore and study the use and mechanism of PBs in the future is analyzedand prospected,to better guide the application of PBs in crop production in the future.

Revalorization of CO2 for methanol production via ZnO promoted carbon nanofibers based Cu-ZrO2 catalytic hydrogenation

A series of novel carbon nanofibers(CNFs)based Cu-ZrO2 catalysts were synthesized by deposition precipitation method.To investigate the influence of promoter,catalysts were loaded with 1,2,3 and 4 wt%ZnO and characterized by ICP-OES,HRTEM,BET,N2O chemisorption,TPR,XPS and CO2-TPD techniques.The results revealed that physicochemical properties of the catalysts were strongly influenced by incorporation of ZnO to the parent catalyst.Copper surface area(SCu)and dispersion(DCu)were slightly decreased by incorporation of ZnO promoter.Nevertheless,SCuand DCuwere remarkably decreased when ZnO content was exceeded beyond 3 wt%.The catalytic performance was evaluated by using autoclave slurry reactor at a pressure and temperature of 30 bar and 180℃,respectively.The promotion of CuZrO2/CNFs catalyst with 3 wt%of ZnO enhanced methanol synthesis rate from 32 to 45 g kg^-1 h^-1.Notably,with the ZnO promotion the selectivity to methanol was enhanced to 92%compared to 78%of the un-promoted Cu-ZrO2/CNFs catalyst at the expense of a lowered CO2 conversion.In addition,the catalytic activity of this novel catalyst system for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol was compared with the recent literature data.

Promotional effect of silica on the combustion of nano-sized aluminum powder in carbon dioxide

This paper presents how the combustion performance of nano-sized aluminum(nAl)powder in carbon dioxide are affected by silica. The ignition and combustion performance of nAl powder with silica addition were studied by a high-temperature tube furnace. An s-type thermocouple and a high-speed motion acquisition instrument were performed to evaluate the ignition temperature, maximum combustion temperature, maximum change of rate of temperature, and combustion propagation speed. The combustion efficiency and combustion products were measured and analyzed by a gas-volumetric method and an X-ray diffraction. The results show that silica added into nAl powder can enhance its maximum combustion temperature and maximum change of rate of temperature, while its ignition temperature increases slightly. The nAl powders with addition of 6.00 wt.% and 12.00 wt.% silica present high combustion propagation speeds, especially for the latter, it has high combustion efficiency. The effect mechanism of silica on the combustion of nAl powder in carbon dioxide was discussed.