The Economics of Competing Water Uses under a FERC Licensing Agreement: Estimation of Property Value, Recreation, and Hydroelectric Impacts

Reservoirs provide a variety of services with economic values across multiple sectors. As demands for reservoir services continue to grow and precipitation patterns evolve, it becomes ever more important to consider the integrated suite of values and tradeoffs that attend changes in water uses and availability. Section 316 (b) of the Clean Water Act requires that owners of certain water cooled power plants evaluate technologies and operational measures that can reduce their impacts to aquatic organisms. The studies must discuss the social costs and benefits of alternative technologies including cooling towers (79 Fed. Reg. 158, 48300 - 48439). Cooling towers achieve their effect through evaporation. This manuscript estimates the property value, recreation, and hydroelectric generation impacts that could result from the evaporative water loss associated with installing cooling towers at the McGuire Nuclear Generating Station (McGuire) located on Lake Norman, North Carolina. Although this study specifically evaluates the effects of evaporative water loss from cooling towers, its methods are applicable to estimating the economic benefits and costs of a new water user or reduced water input in any complex reservoir system that supports steam electric generation, hydroelectric generation, residential properties, recreation, irrigation, and municipal water use.

GIS SUPPORTED HEDONIC MODEL FOR ASSESSING PROPERTY VALUE IN WEST OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA

A hedonic linear regression model is constructed in this paper to estimate property value, In our model, the property value （sales price） is a function of several selected variables such as the property characteristics, social neighborhoods, level of neighborhood environmental contaminations, level of neighborhood crimes, and locational accessibility to jobs or services, Definitions and calculation of these variables are approached by using Geographic Information System tools, For improving estimation, gravity model is employed to measure both levels of neighborhood toxic sites and crimes; and a time-based method is used to measure the loeational accessibility rather than simple straight-line distance measurement. This study discovers that the relationship between house value and its nearby highway is nonlinear, The methodology could help policy makers assess the external effects of a property. Our model also could be used potentially to identify the current and historic trends of development caused by neighborhood or environments change in the study area.

The Effects of Public Green Spaces on Residential Property Value in Beijing

A number of empirical studies in Euro-American region consistently demonstrate that, parks and open space have a positive impact on property values. However, this effect has not been investigated in Beijing, China. And the public and city managers often ignore or underestimate the role of urban green spaces. This paper surveyed the relationship between the average house prices of 76 residential areas and 14 parks in Beijing, and measured the total benefits of 18 070 ha public green spaces on residential property value, by using the inventory data of urban green spaces （2009） and GIS techniques. Results showed that the residential property values located 850-1604 meters away from parks achieved a 0.5% to 14.1% increase in sales price. The overall benefit of Beijing’s public green spaces on residential property was 2.86 billion CNY （1 USD=6.83 CNY）, and the average benefit of per hectare public green space was 0.16 million CNY, corresponding to 1.8-3.9 times of the maintenance cost of green space in Beijing. Therefore, there is chance for local governments to increase property tax revenues due to the creation and maintenance of urban green spaces.

A DYNAMIC EVALUATION MODEL OF MINERAL RESOURCE PROPERTY

Based on the value theory of mineral resource, a dynamic evaluation model of mineral resource property is erected, which not only takes the factors of extractions into consideration but also those of explorations. The solution process of the model is described and the differential solution is presented. Then the paper comes to the conclusion that the differential solution is also the optimal depletion path of the resource.

Cold-Weather Crop Suitability Modelling

This article presents ArcGIS Pro workflow results aimed at rating and mapping cold-weather crop suitability from 0% to 100% at 1-m elevation resolution for the Province of New Brunswick (NB). This rating accounts for variations by soil conditions (texture, coarse fragments, depth, calcareousness, drainage, slope), growing degree days (GDD) and frost-free days (FFD) from within fields to across regions. The ratings so produced reflect a significant part of farm and farm/woodlot property assessment values as these also vary by area and building footprint. While the soil properties for texture, coarse fragments, depth, and calcareousness vary by NB soil association mapping units, within-field suitabilities also vary by slope from flat to steep and by drainage as it correlates across the terrain by depth-to-water (DTW) from very poor to poor, imperfect, moderate, well and excessive. Areas marked by 1.5 10% have low to no suitability because of slope-increased soil erosion and trafficability risks. The number of growing-degree and frost-free days across NB were rated to be sufficient for cold weather cropping, except marginally so at the high-elevation locations.

Property(ω_1) and Single Valued Extension Property

In this note we study the property（ω1）,a variant of Weyl＇s theorem by means of the single valued extension property,and establish for a bounded linear operator defined on a Banach space the necessary and sufficient condition for which property（ω1） holds.As a consequence of the main result,the stability of property（ω1） is discussed.

SOLUTIONS TO A CLASS OF PARABOLIC INHOMOGENEOUS NORMALIZED p-LAPLACE EQUATIONS

In this article, we prove that viscosity solutions of the parabolic inhomogeneous equationsn＋p/put-△p^Nu=f（x,t）can be characterized using asymptotic mean value properties for all p ≥ 1, including p = 1 and p = ∞. We also obtain a comparison principle for the non-negative or non-positive inhomogeneous term f for the corresponding initial-boundary value problem and this in turn implies the uniqueness of solutions to such a problem.

The Properties of k-quasi-＊-A（n） Operator

An operator T is called k-quasi-*-A(n) operator, if T^(*k)|T^(1+n)|^(2/(1+n))T^k ≥T^(*k)|T~* |~2T^k , k ∈ Z, which is a generalization of quasi-*-A(n) operator. In this paper we prove some properties of k-quasi-*-A(n) operator, such as, if T is a k-quasi-*-A(n) operator and N(T )■N(T~* ), then its point spectrum and joint point spectrum are identical. Using these results, we also prove that if T is a k-quasi-*-A(n) operator and N(T )■N(T ), then the spectral mapping theorem holds for the Weyl spectrum and for the essential approximate point spectrum.

On the Arithmetic Properties of the Values of G-functions

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Electrical properties of Ge metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors with high-k La_2O_3 gate dielectric incorporated by N or/and Ti

LaON,LaTiO and LaTiON films are deposited as gate dielectrics by incorporating N or/and Ti into La_2O_3 using the sputtering method to fabricate Ge MOS capacitors,and the electrical properties of the devices are carefully examined.LaON/Ge capacitors exhibit the best interface quality,gate leakage property and device reliability,but a smaller k value（14.9）.LaTiO/Ge capacitors exhibit a higher k value（22.7）,but a deteriorated interface quality,gate leakage property and device reliability.LaTiON/Ge capacitors exhibit the highest k value（24.6）,and a relatively better interface quality（3.1×10^（11） eV^（-1）cm^（-2））,gate leakage property（3.6 × 10^（-3） A/cm^2 at V_g = 1V＋V_（fb）） and device reliability.Therefore,LaTiON is more suitable for high performance Ge MOS devices as a gate dielectric than LaON and LaTiO materials.