The Economics of Competing Water Uses under a FERC Licensing Agreement: Estimation of Property Value, Recreation, and Hydroelectric Impacts

Reservoirs provide a variety of services with economic values across multiple sectors. As demands for reservoir services continue to grow and precipitation patterns evolve, it becomes ever more important to consider the integrated suite of values and tradeoffs that attend changes in water uses and availability. Section 316 (b) of the Clean Water Act requires that owners of certain water cooled power plants evaluate technologies and operational measures that can reduce their impacts to aquatic organisms. The studies must discuss the social costs and benefits of alternative technologies including cooling towers (79 Fed. Reg. 158, 48300 - 48439). Cooling towers achieve their effect through evaporation. This manuscript estimates the property value, recreation, and hydroelectric generation impacts that could result from the evaporative water loss associated with installing cooling towers at the McGuire Nuclear Generating Station (McGuire) located on Lake Norman, North Carolina. Although this study specifically evaluates the effects of evaporative water loss from cooling towers, its methods are applicable to estimating the economic benefits and costs of a new water user or reduced water input in any complex reservoir system that supports steam electric generation, hydroelectric generation, residential properties, recreation, irrigation, and municipal water use.

Cold-Weather Crop Suitability Modelling

This article presents ArcGIS Pro workflow results aimed at rating and mapping cold-weather crop suitability from 0% to 100% at 1-m elevation resolution for the Province of New Brunswick (NB). This rating accounts for variations by soil conditions (texture, coarse fragments, depth, calcareousness, drainage, slope), growing degree days (GDD) and frost-free days (FFD) from within fields to across regions. The ratings so produced reflect a significant part of farm and farm/woodlot property assessment values as these also vary by area and building footprint. While the soil properties for texture, coarse fragments, depth, and calcareousness vary by NB soil association mapping units, within-field suitabilities also vary by slope from flat to steep and by drainage as it correlates across the terrain by depth-to-water (DTW) from very poor to poor, imperfect, moderate, well and excessive. Areas marked by 1.5 10% have low to no suitability because of slope-increased soil erosion and trafficability risks. The number of growing-degree and frost-free days across NB were rated to be sufficient for cold weather cropping, except marginally so at the high-elevation locations.

Property(ω_1) and Single Valued Extension Property

In this note we study the property（ω1）,a variant of Weyl＇s theorem by means of the single valued extension property,and establish for a bounded linear operator defined on a Banach space the necessary and sufficient condition for which property（ω1） holds.As a consequence of the main result,the stability of property（ω1） is discussed.

SOLUTIONS TO A CLASS OF PARABOLIC INHOMOGENEOUS NORMALIZED p-LAPLACE EQUATIONS

In this article, we prove that viscosity solutions of the parabolic inhomogeneous equationsn＋p/put-△p^Nu=f（x,t）can be characterized using asymptotic mean value properties for all p ≥ 1, including p = 1 and p = ∞. We also obtain a comparison principle for the non-negative or non-positive inhomogeneous term f for the corresponding initial-boundary value problem and this in turn implies the uniqueness of solutions to such a problem.

The Properties of k-quasi-＊-A（n） Operator

An operator T is called k-quasi-*-A(n) operator, if T^(*k)|T^(1+n)|^(2/(1+n))T^k ≥T^(*k)|T~* |~2T^k , k ∈ Z, which is a generalization of quasi-*-A(n) operator. In this paper we prove some properties of k-quasi-*-A(n) operator, such as, if T is a k-quasi-*-A(n) operator and N(T )■N(T~* ), then its point spectrum and joint point spectrum are identical. Using these results, we also prove that if T is a k-quasi-*-A(n) operator and N(T )■N(T ), then the spectral mapping theorem holds for the Weyl spectrum and for the essential approximate point spectrum.

On the Arithmetic Properties of the Values of G-functions

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Electrical properties of Ge metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors with high-k La_2O_3 gate dielectric incorporated by N or/and Ti

LaON,LaTiO and LaTiON films are deposited as gate dielectrics by incorporating N or/and Ti into La_2O_3 using the sputtering method to fabricate Ge MOS capacitors,and the electrical properties of the devices are carefully examined.LaON/Ge capacitors exhibit the best interface quality,gate leakage property and device reliability,but a smaller k value（14.9）.LaTiO/Ge capacitors exhibit a higher k value（22.7）,but a deteriorated interface quality,gate leakage property and device reliability.LaTiON/Ge capacitors exhibit the highest k value（24.6）,and a relatively better interface quality（3.1×10^（11） eV^（-1）cm^（-2））,gate leakage property（3.6 × 10^（-3） A/cm^2 at V_g = 1V＋V_（fb）） and device reliability.Therefore,LaTiON is more suitable for high performance Ge MOS devices as a gate dielectric than LaON and LaTiO materials.