Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

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Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

七氟醚复合丙泊酚和芬太尼在表面麻醉下行小儿气管异物取出术中的应用

目的:探讨小儿气管异物急诊行支气管镜检、异物取出术的麻醉方法的安全有效性。方法:对63例气管异物患儿采用七氟醚麻醉诱导下充分的表面麻醉后,在高频通气机的辅助下,七氟醚复合丙泊酚和芬太尼的麻醉下行支气管镜检、异物取出术,记录手术过程中的BP,HR,SPO_2,RR,术后苏醒时间及不良反应。结果:63例患儿在手术过程中血压及心率、脉搏氧饱和度都维持在比较稳定的状态(P>0.05),脉搏氧饱和度均维持在95%以上。手术过程中出现患儿呛咳1例,屏气1例,加深麻醉后症状均缓解。无一例发生喉痉挛、支气管痉挛及恶心呕吐。所有患儿均在10min内苏醒,意识清楚,哭闹,苏醒后无呼吸道梗阻症状,顺利返回病房。结论:在充分表面麻醉的前提下,七氟醚吸入复合丙泊酚、芬太尼静脉麻醉在小儿气管异物取出术中的应用效果良好,手术过程平稳,同时缩短了手术时间,减少了喉痉挛/支气管痉挛及恶心呕吐等并发症的发生,能够提供满意的手术条件,是一种安全、有效的麻醉方法。

七氟醚和丙泊酚对肥胖患者全麻诱导时P波离散度、QTc及QTc离散度的影响

目的:比较七氟醚与丙泊酚对肥胖患者全麻诱导过程中P波离散度、QTc及QTc离散度的影响。方法:择期行非心脏手术的肥胖患者56例,随机分为七氟醚诱导组(S组)和丙泊酚诱导组(P组),每组28例。两组分别以七氟醚吸入或丙泊酚静脉注射进行全麻诱导。记录麻醉诱导前(基础值)、麻醉诱导第1min、3min、5min的12导联同步心电图。测量P波宽度和QT间期,计算P波离散度(Pwd)和校正后的QT间期(QTc),计算QTc离散度(QTcd)。结果:两组患者麻醉前对照心电图中的Pwd、QT间期及QTc无明显差异;S组诱导后3min和5min最长QTc、最短QTc、QTc、QTcd较诱导前延长;P组诱导后3min和5min最大P波时限、Pwd、最长QTc、最短QTc、QTc、QTcd较诱导前缩短,与S组比较有显著性差异。结论:七氟醚诱导延长肥胖患者QTc和QTcd,而丙泊酚诱导则缩短肥胖患者Pwd、QTc和QTcd。

不同浓度七氟烷联合丙泊酚麻醉对小儿肌钙蛋白I、C反应蛋白以及补体变化的影响

目的：探讨不同浓度七氟烷联合丙泊酚对小儿麻醉后肌钙蛋白I、C反应蛋白以及补体变化的影响。方法：选取ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级择期行非心脏手术患者96例,随机分为三组,其中A组32例给予2%七氟烷联合丙泊酚麻醉;B组32例给予2.5%七氟烷联合丙泊酚麻醉;C组32例给予3%七氟烷联合丙泊酚麻醉。分别于全身麻醉诱导前（T1）、麻醉开始后30min（T2）、手术结束后3h（T3）3个时间点检测三组患者血清肌钙蛋白I（cTn I）、C反应蛋白（CRP）和补体（C3、C4）含量水平。结果：1三组在麻醉前cTn I、CRP、C3、C4均无明显差异（P〉0.05）;2与T1相比较,三组在T2、T3时cTn I、CRP、C3、C4均明显升高（P〈0.05）;3相同时间各组间对比,B、C两组在T2、T3时cTnI、CRP、C3、C4明显高于A组（P〈0.05）;C组在T2、T3时cTnI、CRP、C3、C4较B组明显升高（P〈0.05）。结论：七氟烷在有效浓度范围内与患者心肌损害成正相关,低浓度的七氟烷联合丙泊酚适合于小儿手术时全身麻醉诱导。

瑞芬太尼对老年无痛肠镜中靶控输注丙泊酚用量的影响

目的:探讨在老年患者无痛肠镜麻醉中给予0.3μg/kg瑞芬太尼对丙泊酚TCI麻醉效能的影响。方法:将60例门诊无痛肠镜老年患者随机分为丙泊酚TCI组(P组,n=30)、瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚TCI组(RP组,n=30)。RP组给予瑞芬太尼0.3μg/kg,P组给予生理盐水0.1ml/kg,然后按序贯法,两组依次给予不同剂量的丙泊酚计算出50%患者肠镜检查时无逃避性体动的丙泊酚血浆浓度(Cp50)。麻醉过程中连续监测患者心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO2)、反应熵(RE)和状态熵(SE)。结果:①RP组与P组Cp50分别为3.425μg/ml和5.011μg/ml;②与P组比较,RP组丙泊酚总量和所有患者完成检查时丙泊酚血浆浓度显著减少(P<0.01);③RP组在肠镜检查过程中RE和SE值均显著高于P组(P<0.01)。结论 :在老年患者无痛肠镜麻醉中给予0.3μg/kg瑞芬太尼可以显著减少靶控输注丙泊酚的半数有效血浆浓度,在较浅麻醉深度下就能满足肠镜检查的需要。

氯普鲁卡因、利多卡因预防丙泊酚静脉注射痛的效果比较

目的比较氯普鲁卡因与利多卡因预防丙泊酚静脉注射痛的效果。方法 165例接受无痛人工流产早孕患者,随机分成盐酸氯普鲁卡因组（CP组,n=55）、盐酸利多卡因组（Li组,n=55）和生理盐水组（对照组,n=55）。分别注射2%CP 4 ml、2%Li 4 ml和生理盐水4 ml,30 s后注射丙泊酚2 mg/kg,边注射边询问患者注射部位及胳膊是否疼痛,直至患者入睡。术中麻醉深度不够追加丙泊酚0.5~1.0 mg/kg。结果无注射痛CP组达92.7%,Li组60.0%,对照组43.6%（P〈0.01）,且有痛的疼痛程度CP组比Li组轻,比对照组更轻。丙泊酚用量,CP组和Li组明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）。麻醉苏醒CP组和Li组比对照组快（P〈0.05）。结论氯普鲁卡因静脉预先注射对预防丙泊酚静脉注射痛效果较利多卡因好,二者也均可协同和增强丙泊酚静脉麻醉（中枢抑制）效果,且减少其用量。

麻醉睡眠平衡术治疗慢性失眠症的疗效观察及安全管理

目的探讨麻醉睡眠平衡术对慢性失眠症的临床疗效及其安全管理方法。方法对24例慢性失眠症患者实施麻醉睡眠平衡术治疗,在患者治疗前后采用脑电涨落(encephalofluctuograph technology,ET)测量仪及里兹睡眠评估问卷(the leeds sleep evaluation questionnaire,LSEQ)对其睡眠情况进行评分以评价治疗效果,并采取完善的安全防护措施保障患者安全。结果与正常期望值相比,治疗前患者大脑内兴奋性神经递质活动明显增强(P<0.01),抑制性神经递质活动明显减弱(P<0.01);治疗后兴奋性神经递质活动较治疗前明显减弱(P<0.05),兴奋与抑制性神经递质的平衡得到有效恢复。治疗后LSEQ得分增加100分以上者22例,有效率为91.7%;LSEQ评分在入睡情况、睡眠质量、警觉行为和总分等方面有明显改善(P<0.05)。结论麻醉睡眠平衡术治疗慢性失眠症安全、有效,而科学的安全管理措施是治疗成功、防止意外发生的关键。

异丙酚对大鼠海马星形胶质细胞缺氧复氧损伤的影响

目的:观察异丙酚对缺氧复氧损伤大鼠海马星形胶质细胞的影响。方法:取新生2～3dWistar大鼠海马星形胶质细胞,原代纯化培养3周。将细胞分为正常对照组(Nor组),乳剂对照组(Nor-L组),缺氧6h后复氧24h组(Ano组),加异丙酚50μmol/L缺氧6h后复氧24h组(Pro1组),加异丙酚500μmol/L缺氧6h后复氧24h组(Pro2组)。检测海马星形胶质细胞内游离钙浓度([Ca2+]i)、凋亡及丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)活性并观察细胞形态学改变。结果:与对照组组比较,Ano组细胞大量凋亡,[Ca2+]i和MDA含量升高,SOD和GSH活性均降低(P<0.01),未凋亡的星形胶质细胞增生肥大。与Ano组比较,Pro1组和Pro2组凋亡明显减少,[Ca2+]i和MDA含量降低,SOD和GSH活性均有不同程度的恢复和升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),细胞形态正常。Nor组和Nor-L组比较无显著性差异。结论:异丙酚通过抑制缺氧复氧损伤大鼠海马星形胶质细胞内钙超载和脂质过氧化反应,清除自由基而发挥保护作用,其作用效应与剂量有关。

异丙酚用于手法松解治疗肩周炎的护理

目的观察异丙酚用于手法松解肩周炎的效果。方法静脉注射1%异丙酚至病人呈麻醉状态后行手法肩关节松解术。结果本组病人术中呈麻醉状态,清醒后无痛苦记忆。经松解后肩周炎治疗有效率95.8%,优良率83.3%。结论本方法治疗肩周炎,安全、简便、无痛苦、临床效果好,无严重并发症,可在临床推广应用。

氯诺昔康复合异丙酚静脉麻醉用于人流术的效果

目的：评价氯诺昔康复合异丙酚静脉麻醉用于人流术的临床效果及安全性。方法：60例门诊行人流术的早孕妇，随机分为氯 诺昔康组(L 组，n=30) 和芬太尼组(F 组，n=30) ，静脉注射氯诺昔康16mg(L 组)、芬太尼1μg·kg^(-1) (F 组)后2min，两组均复合异丙 酚静脉麻醉。观察平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO_2) 、意识消失及恢复时间、离院时间、异丙酚总量及不良反应。 结果：用药后2min，两组 MAP、SpO_2均明显低于用药前(P＜0． 01) ；该时点 SpO_2 F 组明显低于 L 组(P＜0． 01) ；意识消失时间 F 组早 于 L 组(P=0． 032) ；两组意识恢复时间(P=0． 427) 及异丙酚总量(P=0． 134) ，组间比较均无显著差异；离院时间 L 组明显早于 F 组 (P＜0． 01) 。清醒后眩晕 L 组明显少于 F 组(P＜0． 01) 。结论：氯诺昔康或芬太尼复合异丙酚静脉麻醉用于人流术镇痛效果相似，但 前者呼吸抑制等不良反应轻，有利于病人早期离院。