Design of a Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller for an Automatic Generation Control of Multi-area Power Thermal Systems Using Firefly Algorithm

Essentially, it is significant to supply the consumer with reliable and sufficient power. Since, power quality is measured by the consistency in frequency and power flow between control areas. Thus, in a power system operation and control,automatic generation control(AGC) plays a crucial role. In this paper, multi-area(Five areas: area 1, area 2, area 3, area 4 and area 5) reheat thermal power systems are considered with proportional-integral-derivative(PID) controller as a supplementary controller. Each area in the investigated power system is equipped with appropriate governor unit, turbine with reheater unit, generator and speed regulator unit. The PID controller parameters are optimized by considering nature bio-inspired firefly algorithm(FFA). The experimental results demonstrated the comparison of the proposed system performance(FFA-PID)with optimized PID controller based genetic algorithm(GAPID) and particle swarm optimization(PSO) technique(PSOPID) for the same investigated power system. The results proved the efficiency of employing the integral time absolute error(ITAE) cost function with one percent step load perturbation(1 % SLP) in area 1. The proposed system based FFA achieved the least settling time compared to using the GA or the PSO algorithms, while, it attained good results with respect to the peak overshoot/undershoot. In addition, the FFA performance is improved with the increased number of iterations which outperformed the other optimization algorithms based controller.

Adaptive proportional integral differential control based on radial basis function neural network identification of a two-degree-of-freedom closed-chain robot

A closed-chain robot has several advantages over an open-chain robot, such as high mechanical rigidity, high payload, high precision. Accurate trajectory control of a robot is essential in practical-use. This paper presents an adaptive proportional integral differential （PID） control algorithm based on radial basis function （RBF） neural network for trajectory tracking of a two-degree-of-freedom （2-DOF） closed-chain robot. In this scheme, an RBF neural network is used to approximate the unknown nonlinear dynamics of the robot, at the same time, the PID parameters can be adjusted online and the high precision can be obtained. Simulation results show that the control algorithm accurately tracks a 2-DOF closed-chain robot trajectories. The results also indicate that the system robustness and tracking performance are superior to the classic PID method.

数控压机伺服控制系统复合控制器I-ABC与PID优化

为了提高数控压机伺服控制系统的控制精度,针对伺服控制系统运行控制过程构建数学模型,在人工蜂群算法基础上融入了云分析模型,之后采用改进人工蜂群算法(Improved Artificial Bee Colony,I-ABC)调节比例-积分-微分(Proportional Integral Differential,PID)参数,建立了一种复合控制方法。研究结果表明:以I-ABC进行PID控制时,可以使幅度差降低到0.4%,相位差基本在-0.54°之内,系统加载精度也获得了明显提升,表现出了更优的跟踪性能。以I-ABC进行PID控制时,能够对多余力起到明显抑制作用,响应速度也获得明显提升,可以有效满足系统的准确控制要求。在系统内加入干扰信号,引入I-ABC实施PID调节可以减小系统超调量,还可以获得更短调节时间,使系统获得更强抗干扰性能。

引入PID反馈的SHAEKF算法估算电池SOC

电池荷电状态(SOC)的估算精度是电动汽车电池组的重要指标。为提升SOC估算精度,在融合Sage-Husa扩展卡尔曼滤波(SHEKF)算法与自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波(AEKF)算法的基础上,增加比例积分微分(PID)反馈环节,形成改进算法。采用粒子群优化(PSO)算法对二阶RC等效电路模型进行参数辨识;用开源电池数据集对模型和算法进行实验和分析。改进的SHAEKF算法在电池动态应力测试(DST)、北京动态应力测试(BJDST)和美国联邦城市驾驶(FUDS)等工况下的平均估计误差都在1%以内,与单纯的融合算法SHAEKF算法相比,最大误差可减小5%。

Improved quantum bacterial foraging algorithm for tuning parameters of fractional-order PID controller

The quantum bacterial foraging optimization(QBFO)algorithm has the characteristics of strong robustness and global searching ability. In the classical QBFO algorithm, the rotation angle updated by the rotation gate is discrete and constant,which cannot affect the situation of the solution space and limit the diversity of bacterial population. In this paper, an improved QBFO(IQBFO) algorithm is proposed, which can adaptively make the quantum rotation angle continuously updated and enhance the global search ability. In the initialization process, the modified probability of the optimal rotation angle is introduced to avoid the existence of invariant solutions. The modified operator of probability amplitude is adopted to further increase the population diversity.The tests based on benchmark functions verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, compared with the integerorder PID controller, the fractional-order proportion integration differentiation(PID) controller increases the complexity of the system with better flexibility and robustness. Thus the fractional-order PID controller is applied to the servo system. The tuning results of PID parameters of the fractional-order servo system show that the proposed algorithm has a good performance in tuning the PID parameters of the fractional-order servo system.

基于金豺优化PID的直流电机调速控制系统

针对传统直流(DC)有刷电机调速系统适应性不强、抗干扰能力和稳健性差等缺点,设计了基于金豺算法优化比例-积分-微分(PID)的直流有刷电机控制系统.在建立电机数学模型的基础上,将金豺优化(GJO)算法应用于PID参数整定,实现对电机的控制,并分别与传统试凑法、反向传播(BP)-PID算法和麻雀算法(SSA)-PID进行对比.仿真结果表明:所设计的控制算法在调节时间上减少了12 ms,超调量降低了3.689%,受到干扰后的调节时间减少了17 ms,表现出更快的调节转速、更强的抗干扰能力和更好的稳健性,为直流有刷电机调速控制提供了一种有效的方案.

Proportion Integration Differentiation(PID)Control Strategy of Belt Sander Based on Fuzzy Algorithm

Aiming at solving the problems of response lag and lack of precision and stability in constant grinding force control of industrial robot belts,a constant force control strategy combining fuzzy control and proportion integration differentiation(PID)was proposed by analyzing the signal transmission process and the dynamic characteristics of the grinding mechanism.The simulation results showed that compared with the classical PID control strategy,the system adjustment time was shortened by 98.7%,the overshoot was reduced by 5.1%,and the control error was 0.2%-0.5%when the system was stabilized.The optimized fuzzy control system had fast adjustment speeds,precise force control and stability.The experimental analysis of the surface morphology of the machined blade was carried out by the industrial robot abrasive grinding mechanism,and the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the control strategy were verified.

Fuzzy Self-adaptive Proportional Integration Differential Control for Attitude Stabilization of Quadrotor UAV

The technology of attitude control for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) is one of the most important UAVs' research areas.In order to achieve a satisfactory operation in quadrotor UAVs having proportional integration differential(PID) controllers,it is necessary to appropriately adjust the controller coefficients which are dependent on dynamic parameters of the quadrotor UAV and any changes in parameters and conditions could affect desired performance of the controller.In this paper,combining with PID control and fuzzy logic control,a kind of fuzzy self-adaptive PID control algorithm for attitude stabilization of the quadrotor UAV was put forward.Firstly,the nonlinear model of six degrees of freedom(6-DOF) for quadrotor UAV is established.Secondly,for obtaining the attitude of quadrotor,attitude data fusion using complementary filtering is applied to improving the measurement accuracy and dynamic performance.Finally,the attitude stabilization control simulation model of the quadrotor UAV is build,and the self-adaptive fuzzy parameter tuning rules for PID attitude controller are given,so as to realize the online self-tuning of the controller parameters.Simulation results show that comparing with the conventional PID controller,this attitude control algorithm of fuzzy self-adaptive PID has a better dynamic response performance.

基于改进MPC与RBF-PID的智能车轨迹跟踪控制

为提升智能汽车轨迹跟踪控制的稳定性和精度,提出一种基于时域参数自适应MPC与RBF-PID的轨迹跟踪控制方法.首先搭建车辆横纵向动力学模型;其次分析控制时域与预测时域对跟踪精度的影响,设计时域参数自适应MPC横向控制器并进行仿真验证;然后基于径向基函数(RBF)神经网络整定PID控制参数,设计分层式纵向控制器,并设计折线速度曲线与PID算法进行对比;最后以车速为耦合点构建智能汽车横纵向综合控制系统,并在蛇形工况下对横纵向综合控制系统进行仿真实验.结果表明,所设计的横向控制器能保证低速时的跟踪精度和高速时的车辆稳定性,纵向控制器可有效提高速度跟踪精度,横纵向综合控制系统能实现车辆在变车速工况下对轨迹的精准跟踪,同时保证良好的行驶稳定性与舒适性.

基于改进DDPG-PID的芯片共晶键合温度控制

芯片共晶键合对加热过程中的升温速率、保温时间和温度精度要求较高,在使用传统的比例-积分-微分(PID)温度控制方法时,存在响应时间过长、超调量过大、控制温度不够准确等问题。针对共晶加热台的温度控制问题,提出了一种基于改进的深度确定性策略梯度(DDPG)强化学习算法优化PID参数的控制方法,采用分类经验回放的思想,以奖励值大小为标准对经验进行分类存放,根据智能体当前的状态和下一步动作,从相应的经验池中进行采样并训练,并根据PID控制算法的特性设计了合理的奖励函数,改善了强化学习中奖励稀疏的问题,提高了算法的收敛速度与性能。仿真结果表明,与传统PID控制、常规DDPG-PID控制相比,改进DDPG-PID控制缩短了响应时间,降低了超调量,近乎消除了稳态误差,提高了控制性能和系统稳定性。

冷链运输车空调冷风机运行自适应PID控制方法研究

冷链运输车空调冷风机运行环境复杂,导致传统的比例积分微分(PID)控制过程难以准确设定控制参数。为解决这一问题,设计冷链运输车空调冷风机运行自适应PID控制方法。首先,通过分析冷链运输车空调冷风机工作过程,选取多个控制参数,以降低复杂度。然后,设计基于自适应PID控制器的控制模型,以送风温度和送风压力作为控制量,将冷、热水流量及风机转速作为被控制量,求解控制量和被控制量的传递函数。最后,根据传递函数与期望值间的耦合关系,对控制分量的增减进行调整,以实现冷链运输车空调冷风机运行的自适应PID控制。试验结果表明,该方法能够使冷链运输车内温度保持稳定。该方法控制精准度高、鲁棒性强、实用价值高,可以确保货物在整个冷链运输过程中的质量和安全。

一种智能整定氢原子频标PID控制系统参数的方法

氢原子频标的稳定运行是其发挥重要作用的前提,而比例-积分-微分(Proportion Integration Differentiation,PID)控制系统的作用是调整氢原子频标晶振部分的输出频率尽可能接近其标称值,是保障氢原子频标稳定运行的重要组成部分。尽管PID控制系统的参数不会随时间的推移而更改,但是目前仍主要采用手动方式来调整其值或根据累积知识与大量的试验数据做出决策。因此,采用了以反向传播(Back Propagation,BP)神经网络为基础的一种新型智能化技术。这种算法的核心是基于PID控制系统输出与期望输出之间的偏差进行的反馈调节,即在反向传播过程中,利用反馈函数以便更好地适应实际应用中的情况,并将它们用作学习的对象,使得在没有外部干扰下达到最佳性能表现并且能够有效地减少偏离预期的可能性和影响范围,通过信号正向传播和误差反向传递实现PID控制系统中参数的最优化,最终仿真结果为氢原子频标的天频率稳定度为1.51E-15,经过试验对比,该方法获得了最优的仿真结果,从而提高了氢原子频标运行的稳定度。

基于APID-RBF神经网络的光伏MPPT方法

针对光照强度急速变化和局部阴影时光伏发电系统最大功率点追踪响应速度慢、多峰值等问题,提出一种基于RBF神经网络与自适应PID控制相结合的控制方法。首先,采用RBF神经网络对环境的实时变化直接跟踪光伏最大功率点。然后,利用自适应PID的辅助修正,抑制光伏电池输出功率的波动。神经网络能提升在复杂环境下的跟踪速度,自适应PID能增强对神经网络误差的消除能力,提升跟踪精度。仿真结果表明,APIDRBF双控策略具有稳态性能高和控制精度高等优点,能有效提高光伏发电效率和稳定性。

基于深度强化学习的分层自适应PID控制算法

比例积分微分(PID)控制在工业控制和机器人控制领域应用非常广泛.然而,其在实际应用中存在参数整定复杂、系统无法精准建模以及对被控对象变化敏感的问题.为了解决这些问题,本文提出了一种基于深度强化学习算法的分层自适应PID控制算法,即TD3-PID,用于移动机器人的自动控制.其中,上层控制器通过实时观测当前环境状态和系统状态实现对下层PID控制器参数和输出补偿量进行调整,以实时补偿误差从而优化系统性能.本文将所提出的TD3-PID控制器应用于4轮移动机器人轨迹跟踪任务并和其他控制方法进行了真实场景实验对比.结果显示TD3-PID控制器表现出更优越的动态响应性能和抗干扰能力,整体响应误差显著减小,在提高控制系统性能方面具有显著的优势.

基于改进BOA-PID的LT-MED系统冷凝器出口海水温度控制

针对低温多效蒸馏(LT-MED)海水淡化系统中冷凝器出口海水温度控制问题,在蝴蝶优化算法(BOA)的基础上,提出了一种改进BOA-PID控制方法,并利用MATLAB软件搭建仿真模型,将改进BOAPID控制的控制效果与BOA-PID控制、常规PID控制进行对比。结果表明,改进BOA-PID在适应度值和全局搜索能力方面表现卓越;与常规PID控制相比,基于改进BOA-PID控制系统中相应的优化程序能够自动整定各个参数,提升了系统的响应速度,大幅减小了超调量,提升了海水淡化系统的造水比,系统能正常运行。

基于遗传算法整定驱动参数的水力发电机PID控制

为了弥补PID控制容易出现超调的现场,设计了一种基于遗传算法整定驱动参数的水力发电机PID控制方法。从正弦信号方面对水力发电机开展进给测试,促进了跟随性能的显著提升。研究结果表明:遗传算法整定方案在迭代到37次时达到收敛,幅频特性表明系统获得了理想响应性能。采用遗传算法整定驱动参数后获得更低跟随误差,表现出了更优的跟随性能。正弦信号下遗传算法参数整定时达到了更低跟随误差,表现出了更优的跟随性能。绝对误差极值降低35.5%,绝对误差积分降低50.1%。该研究有助于提高水力发电机控制稳定性,也可适用于其它的机械传动机构。

基于PID算法的轧钢加热炉煤气智能燃烧控制研究

常规的轧钢加热炉煤气智能燃烧控制方法主要使用Fuzzy双交叉限幅控制器进行控制阶跃响应,易受温变超调作用的影响,导致燃烧效率偏低。基于此,提出一种基于比例-积分-微分(Proportion Integral Differential,PID)算法的轧钢加热炉煤气智能燃烧控制方法。生成轧钢加热炉煤气智能燃烧控制策略,利用PID算法设计轧钢加热炉煤气智能燃烧控制器,从而实现轧钢加热炉煤气智能燃烧控制。实验结果表明,设计的轧钢加热炉煤气智能燃烧PID算法控制方法在不同控制起始时间下的煤气智能燃烧效率均较高,控制性能良好,具有较高的实际应用价值。

基于模糊PID的打磨头角度控制策略研究

在进行风电机组叶片表面打磨工序时,需要控制打磨头的径向与叶片表面保持垂直。对打磨头的角度调整问题进行分析和研究,通过分析打磨头的结构构成与运动轨迹,建立打磨头伺服系统的数学模型。基于角度变化引起的重力转矩补偿量,提出一种模糊比例-积分-微分(Proportion-Integral-Differential,PID)的角度伺服控制系统。Simulink仿真验证结果表明,重力补偿后模糊PID控制方法的打磨头伺服系统响应速度更快、误差更小,能够较好地调整打磨头的角度。

煤矿井下自动化钻机钻速模糊PID自适应控制方法

为提高井下作业质量,实现对钻机在工作中转速的精确、高效控制,以某煤矿工程为例,开展其井下作业过程自动化钻机钻速模糊比例-积分-微分(Proportion Integral Differential,PID)自适应控制方法的设计研究。根据钻机的动力系统,建立钻机动力函数,计算钻机推力,建立煤矿井下自动化钻机数学模型。将输入变量(转速误差、误差变化率)精确值转换为模糊集合的隶属度,设计基于模糊PID的钻机转速输入控制。在钻机上安装多种传感器,实时监测钻机的各项工作参数,利用模糊PID控制器,进行自动化钻机转速的自适应调节。对比实验结果表明:设计的方法可以实现对钻机转速的快速、准确控制,保证钻进速度的稳定性。

模糊自整定PID温度控制系统的建模与仿真

针对炒茶机的加热控制系统跟踪设定的温度值滞后、自动调节加热装置实时性差的问题,设计一种模糊自整定比例积分微分(PID)参数控制器。采用PID控制和模糊控制算法相结合的方法,实现模糊控制对PID参数的调整。利用Matlab在Simulink中建立模型,并对该控制器进行仿真分析。结果表明,模糊PID自整定控制器的超调量≈1%,稳态误差es=0。该方法可提高温度控制系统的性能。