Letter from Li Peng Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, To China Society for Human Rights Studies

China Society for Human Rights Studies, I would like to extend my warm greetings to the launch of your Human Rights magazine. Enjoying human rights fully is a lofty goal long pursued after by human race. Over the years when they carried out revolution, construction and reforms, the Chinese people have struggled indomitably and strived incessantly to achieve this goal. Progress made in this regard has caught worldwide attention. When struggling for, safeguarding, promoting and developing human rights, the Chinese people have always combined the universality prin-

The Transformation of Environmental Governance from the Point of the Interaction between Government and National People's Congress

Taking cadmium pollution in X River as an example, the interaction between National People＇s Congress and local government was de- scribed. How the local government transforms its role in environment protection with the help of several deputies to National People＇s Congress was expounded from the angle of social construction, which also enlightened the way to build an environment protection road with Chinese characteristics.

Testative Discussion on how to be an Eligible Interpreter--Based on the People’s Republic of China of the National People’s Congress and Committee of the People’s Political Consultative Conference from 2012 to 2014

In recent years,with the rapid development of the Chinese economy,the“two sessions”in March of every year which sponsored by the ministry of foreign affairs attract more and more journalists from all over the world.The press conference in the“two sessions”likes an important window to show China’s policies and claims to the world.Meanwhile,the premier who answers questions in the press conference,respectively,shows the world the eloquence and polite manners of China’s premier,such as Premier Wen Jiabao and Premier Li Keqiang.Their astute response,excellent,and emotional expression makes a deep impression on audiences.Moreover,as a bridge between the speaker and the listeners,the interpretation once is incorrect will cause some mistakes even conflicts.Therefore,the interpreter plays a most important role in the press conference.How to improve the interpretation level in the press conference is a significant topic.The thesis mainly introduces the content of press conference interpreting from 2012 to 2014.At present,the practical study of press conference interpretation is far from enough.The last part gives the summary of the study and points out the main findings for the further study.

Tibet:14 Years of Brilliant, Extraor Achievements——An interview with Raidi, vice-chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

Tremendous changes have takenplace in Tibet under the state policy of reform andopening up to the outside world, especially over thepast 14 years since the Fourth Plenary Session of the13th Central Committee of the Chinese CommunistParty. Unprecedented are the development of the localeconomy, and so are the changes in the outlook ofcities and countryside in the region, and life of ethnicTibetan has kept improving.Raidi, vice-chairman of the Standing Committee ofthe National People's Congress (NPC), is a mostqualified eyewitness to these changes. He was born intoa serf's family before the Democratic Reform in thelate 1950s, and had worked on various leading posts inTibet before he was elected to NPC, China's highestlegislature. In July 1990, Jiang Zemin, then generalsecretary of the CPC Central Committee, cited Raidi asan example when speaking on the question of humanrights during an inspection tour of Lhasa. Said he,'What do human rights mean? Comrade Raidi, aformer serf, now works as the second most seniormember of the Chinese Communist Party Committee ofTibet Autonomous Region, his experiences bring outthe meaning of human rights. Aren't we justified topublicize that?'Following is a slightly abridged text of an interviewgiven by Raidi to our staff reporter on the eve of theNew Year's day, in which he talked about theachievements Tibet has made over the past 14 yearsand the Party's policy in Tibet.

Human Rights in China:Exploration and Development of Whole-process People’s Democracy

Whole-process people’s democracy represents a new exploration of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era as well as a novel and important method for protecting the human rights of the Chinese people.It is conducive to solving a multitude of problems hindering the protection of civil rights and political rights.The greatest highlight of whole-process people’s democracy is that the people are the masters of their own country and exercise the power to govern the state through“extensive participation and consultation.”China’s experience and approaches in advancing whole-process people’s democracy provide a reference for other countries.

On the Establishment of Modern Medical System of Assimilating Advantages of Oriental Medicine and Western Medicine—A Speech by the Vice-Chairperson of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China,President of Chinese Medical Associatio

It is known to all that traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacy, as the summary of Chinese people fighting against various kinds of disease for thousands of years, has a summate theoretical system possessing the essence of Chinese classical philosophy, intensively reflects deep thinking and pondering of Chinese culture on the human being himself and dialectical relation between human and culture, making indelible contribution to the offspring reproduction and prosperity.

Congratulations from Prof.Han Qi-de,Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress,Chairman of China Association for Science and Technology

It is of my great pleasure to learn that the Third World Integrative Medicine Congress is about to be held in Guangzhou. rm writing to express my highest congratulations to the successful opening of the congress, as well as my cordial welcome to the experts and scholars around the world.

Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Regarding the Severe Punishment of Criminals Who Abduct and Traffic in or Kidnap Women or Children

With a view to severely punishing criminals who abduct and traffic in or kidnap women or children so as to protect the personal safety of women and children and maintain the public security order, the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law are supplemented or amended as follows: 1. Whoever abducts and traffics in a woman or a child shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years and not more than ten years, and shall concurrently be punished with a

Xu Jialu: Chinese Culture Should Shoulder Its Own World Responsibilities

Xu Jialu,Vice Chairman of the Ninth and the Tenth Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, is also a world-famous linguist and famed cultural scholar. He celebrated his 80th birthday in June this year. The author paid a special visit to the old scholar and talked about hot topics like Chinese culture, the global situation, the “Belt and Road” initiative etc. with him.

新时代地方变通立法的创新与规制——以授权上海制定浦东新区法规为视角

浦东新区法规是全国人大常委会通过授权决定创设的新型地方性法规,旨在比照经济特区法规,在非经济特区的浦东变通适用法律和行政法规,为我国地方变通立法制度开创了重要先例。从创设依据看,尽管在授权时缺少《立法法》的直接依据,但总体上遵循了宪法的职权范围和央地国家机构职权划分原则,与宪法序言精神相契合,因而具备必要的合宪性基础。鉴于变通立法与法制统一原则的内在紧张关系,法规的制定应当严控准入门槛,准确把握权限范围与变通幅度,建立健全备案审查和自我监督机制,着力实现预留创新空间、严守法治底线的总体目标与核心要求。

试论党的二十大报告中“人民”一词的三重含义

在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会报告中,“人民”是使用频率最高的词之一。“人民”一词在党的二十大报告中的高频次使用,既充分彰显了以习近平同志为核心的党中央领导集体对人民群众作为历史创造者、历史进步的推动者以及社会主义中国的真正主人身份的认同与重视,也体现了习近平总书记对人民权力、人民利益、人民幸福等问题的高度关注。整体地看,党的二十大报告中“人民”一词主要有三个维度的含义:首先,作为主体的“人民”,“人民”是党和国家事业的绝对主体,是社会主义国家一切权力的合法性来源——中华人民共和国的一切权力属于人民,还是社会主义中国的主人。其次,“人民”既是中华民族文化共同体的成员,又是人类命运共同体的成员。最后,在全过程人民民主制度中,“人民”的身份、地位与作用充分彰显了中国特色社会主义的本质。“人民”概念的这三个维度并非各不相干,而是有着高度的一致性。它们既充分遵循了习近平总书记“人民至上”“以人民为中心”的基本发展思想,又从人民观的维度指明了中国特色社会主义建设与发展应遵循的原则、目标、任务与实践要求。

凝心聚力,奔赴教育高质量发展的远大前程——深入学习贯彻党的二十大报告的教育新部署

党的二十大报告首次把教育、科技和人才放在一个篇章下论述,并将其作为社会民生问题的重要领域进行了深入阐释,深刻体现了党和国家对教育事业在新时代下高质量发展的清晰认识和全面考量。在新时代的发展背景下,针对二十大报告中的教育论述和教育思想进行深入的分析和阐述,从“教科人”三位一体战略、办人民满意的教育、为党育人为国育才战略、教育优先发展战略、教育高质量发展、教育强国战略等6个方面对历史发展新时期下党的教育方针进行深刻揭示,为进一步深入理解和落实二十大精神,全面推进教育领域革新与发展提供一定的理论支撑和政策参考。

法律询问答复的类型与适用控制——对《立法法》第69条的解释

传统观点认为法工委的法律询问答复与全国人大常委会的立法解释存在功能混同的问题,使得该制度在民主正当性与治理有效性之间存在一定张力。但上述立场难以成立。在职权属性上,二者具有本质区别。前者是人民代表大会制度下兼顾民主与效率的结果,具有决策咨询属性;后者是全国人大常委会监督法律在不同法域实施与司法解释的重要手段,具有监督权属性与终局性。在功能类型上,法律询问答复虽大多以“解释法律”为基本表征,但其主要用于协调组织事务、调控立法争议以及为执法、司法活动提供参照等法政实践,是司法解释难以涉猎与立法解释无需介入的领域。为规范法律询问答复的具体适用,应从法解释学的角度明确制度展开的管辖范围、程序规范及监督机制三项要素。而无需诉诸制度废除或主体变更等根本性改革方案。

中国宪法委员会制度初论

依宪治国和依宪执政背景下,加强宪法实施、维护法制统一、建设中国特色社会主义法治体系内在地需要有专门的宪法监督机关。设立宪法委员会,将其作为全国人大的常设机关,专门负责监督宪法实施,能够有效破解全国人大及其常委会"自我监督"的尴尬悖论和"无暇监督"的现实问题。宪法委员会的核心职能是违宪审查和解释宪法。建立宪法委员会制度应当处理好宪法委员会与党的领导、全国人大、改革开放三者的关系,确立党内法规不审查、基本法律不审查、特别授权立法不审查的原则。

检察制度是实现中国宪政的重要形式

宪政无定式但其有定法,不能充分了解宪政形式的多样性和内在规律的趋同性就会对检察制度理论进行随意的攀附、位移甚至替换。在比对各国的宪政体制及其检察制度后,可以看出,中国的检察制度是宪政理论在中国的具体应用。中国检察制度的设计是建立在立宪主义的高度审视我国权力的合理配置,代表了我国宪政体制完善的方向。

背景、创新、趋势及对策:党的十七大收入分配理论与政策的研究

针对我国收入分配领域存在着收入差距日益扩大、收入分配秩序紊乱、收入分配格局不合理、收入分配调节能力弱化等问题,十七大报告中收入分配政策的重大创新是:"四个提高"和"让更多群众拥有财产性收入"、"再分配更加注重公平"、"加快建立社会保障体系"等。在这一新政策的调节下,我国的收入分配格局将是:收入差距得到控制但还会持续扩大;居民财产性收入比重将持续提高;居民收入在国民收入的比重将有所提高,但劳动报酬在初次收入分配中的比重在一定时期内很难提高;收入分配秩序将有所改善,但规制难度较大;覆盖城乡的社会保障体系将逐步形成。为此当下我国收入分配的对策应是:持续推进收入分配改革;让市场"有所为"和"有所不为";大力完善第三次分配的调节制度;让政府在调节收入分配方面起到"维护公正,兼顾公平,高端调低,低端托底"的作用。

加强人大监督的刚性，推进中国行政审批治理改革

各级人大及其常委会对本级人民政府进行监督,是宪法赋予的重要职权,体现了一切权力属于人民的宪法原则。行政审批,是政府行使行政权力的重要内容,是关乎民生和社会发展的重要组成部分。需要实现人大实权的刚性,加强人大对政府重大审批项目的审查和批准,从而在根本上改革目前行政审批的监督体系不健全,监督不到位等问题。

论法律询问答复的效力

法律询问答复效力等级和范围的确立是关乎我国法制统一的重要问题。现行法律对法律询问答复效力的定位较为模糊,可作3种理解:一是与司法解释、行政解释相同;二是高于其他应用解释;三是仅具有指导作用。事实上,法律询问答复已部分替代了全国人大常委会本应做出的宪法和法律解释,但其效力还不具有普遍性和强制性。可创设保守型、稳健型和创新型3种制度模式来确认法律询问答复的效力,以缓解社会转型期全国人大常委会法律解释不足与社会需求之间的矛盾和冲突。

司法改革的一种新思路

在人大对司法(法院)的监督上,主要应反对以所谓“司法独立”、“法官良心自治”为借口规避监督的观点,同时也应防止以监督权替代审判权的倾向。一种新的思路是:人大切实管好人(法官),但不干预审判行为本身。