RANS Simulation of Podded Propulsor Performances in Straight Forward Motion

The Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） approach is adopted to study the steady and unsteady performances of the podded propulsor by the Fluent software package. While the interactions of the propeller blades with the pod and strut are time-dependent by nature, the mixing plane model is employed firstly to predict the steady performance, where the interactions are time-averaged. Numerical experiments are carried out with systematically varied mesh sizes to investigate the dependence of the predicted force values on the mesh sizes. Furthermore, the sliding mesh model is employed to simulate the unsteady interactions between the blades, pod and strut. Based on the numerical results, the characteristics of unsteady hydrodynamic forces are discussed, and the applicability of the mixing plane model is investigated for puller-type podded propulsor.

Numerical and Experimental Studies on the Propulsion Performance of A Wave Glide Propulsor

This paper introduces a newly developed Unmanned Wave Glide Vehicle （UWGV）, which is driven only by extracting energy from gravity waves, and presents a comprehensive study on the propulsion performance of the UWGV＇s propulsor-Wave Glide Propulsor （WGP） in a regular wave. By simplifying the WGP as six 2D tandem asynchronous flapping foils （TAFFs）, a CFD method based on Navier-Stokes equations was first used to analyze the hydrodynamic performance of TAFFs with different parameters of non-dimensional wave length rn and non-dimensional wave height n. Then, a series of hydrodynamic experiments were performed. The computational results agree well with the experimental results when n〈0.07 and both of them show the thrust force and input power of the WGP are larger at smaller m or larger n. By analyzing the flow field of TAFFs, we can see that a larger m is beneficial to the forming, merging and shredding of the TAFFs＇ vortices; as TAFFs are arranged in tandem and have the same motions, the leading edge vortex and wake vortex of the TAFFs are meaningful for improving the thrust force of their adjacent ones.

Research of Podded Propulsors with Varied Geometry in Viscous Flow

Based on the model test of podded propulsor in straight forward motion, the paper presents the results of the effects of geometric parameters on the propulsive characteristics of podded propulsors in viscous flow. Three main geometrical parameters, i.e. pod diameter, strut distance from the propeller plane, and the maximum thickness of strut are studied with systematically varied geometry while the parameters of propeller blades are fixed. The RANS approach is adopted to study the steady perfomaance using the Huent software package. While the interactions of the propeller blades with the pod and strut are time-dependent by nature, the mixing plane model is employed to predict the steady perfomlance. In considera- tion of the complexity, the research does not deal with the effects of the combination of such three main parameters.

Flapping dynamics of a flexible propulsor near ground

The flapping motion of a flexible propulsor near the ground was simulated using the immersed boundary method. The hydrodynamic benefits of the propulsor near the ground were explored by varying the heaving frequency (St) of the leading edge of the flexible propulsor. Propulsion near the ground had some advantages in generating thrust and propelling faster than propulsion away from the ground. The mode analysis and flapping amplitude along the Lagrangian coordinate were examined to analyze the kinematics as a function of the ground proximity (d) and St. The trailing edge amplitude (\(a_\mathrm{tail}\)) and the net thrust (\(\overline{{F}}_x\)) were influenced by St of the flexible propulsor. The vortical structures in the wake were analyzed for different flapping conditions.

Influence of Ice Size Parameter Variation on Hydrodynamic Performance of Podded Propulsor

During ice-breaking navigation, a massive amount of crushed ice blocks with different sizes is accumulated under the hull of an ice-going ship. This ice slides into the flow field in the forward side of the podded propulsor, affecting the surrounding flow field and aggravating the non-uniformity of the propeller wake. A pulsating load is formed on the propeller, which affects the hydrodynamic performance of the podded propulsor. To study the changes in the propeller hydrodynamic performance during the ice podded propulsor interaction, the overlapping grid technique is used to simulate the unsteady hydrodynamic performance of the podded propulsor at different propeller rotation angles and different ice block sizes. Hence, the hydrodynamic blade behavior during propeller rotation under the interaction between the ice and podded propulsor is discussed. The unsteady propeller loads and surrounding flow fields obtained for ice blocks with different sizes interacting with the podded propulsor are analyzed in detail. The variation in the hydrodynamic performance during the circular motion of a propeller and the influence of ice size variation on the propeller thrust and torque are determined. The calculation results have certain reference significance for experiment-based research, theoretical calculations and numerical simulation concerning ice podded propulsor interaction.

Simulation of Hydrodynamic Performance of Drag and Double Reverse Propeller Podded Propulsors

不稳定的表演在开的水里拖并且加倍反向的推进器 podded propulsors 数字地用计算液体动力学(CFD ) 被模仿方法。一个动人的网孔方法习惯于更写实地模仿 propulsor 工作条件，和戳，转矩，和两 propulsors 的侧面的力量系数被比较并且分析。在不同进展系数与稳定、不稳定的结果的流动地分发一起对 propulsors 的不同部分起作用的力量被比较。而且，侧面的力量的变化和之间的差别上述二个方法主要被分析。两个方法的戳和转矩结果是类似的，这被显示出。

Experimental Study on Hydrodynamics of L-type Podded Propulsor in Straight-ahead Motion and Off-Design Conditions

试验性的测试被进行评估 L 类型 podded propulsor 的水动力学性能在直向前，用一台开水的测量仪器的运动和离开设计条件为 podded propulsors 由作者发展了，拖引坦克的一个轮船模型，并且在水粒子图象 velocimetry (PIV ) 下面测量系统。在条件的三种类型下面， L 类型 podded propulsor 的主要参数被测量，包括推进器戳和转矩，以及整个豆荚单位的戳，方面力量，和时刻。另外，在推进器和神气之间的节上的流动领域被分析。试验性的结果证明动态 azimuthing 率和方向和转弯的方向在推进器和整个豆荚单位上影响力量。因为推进器旋转的效果，力量不均匀地在左、正确的 azimuthing 方向之间被散布。这研究的调查结果为关于 L 类型 podded propulsors 的进一步的研究提供一个基础。

基于沟槽结构的泵喷推进器导管脉动压力控制研究

本文借鉴航空发动机中的压气机“处理机匣”技术,在泵喷推进器导管内壁开设一定数量的轴向沟槽结构,用于减弱泵喷推进器的梢涡,从而减小泵喷推进器导管内壁上的脉动压力。结合分离涡模拟(DES)方法和滑移网格方法对椭圆形水翼的梢涡流场进行数值模拟,数值计算结果与试验值吻合度较高,验证了数值计算方法的可靠性与适用性。在此基础上,分别对有无沟槽结构的泵喷推进器进行数值模拟,对比分析沟槽结构对梢涡涡核压力、导管内壁脉动压力和水动力性能的影响。结果表明:沟槽结构可以显著增大梢涡涡核压力,并对导管内壁面上脉动压力幅值有明显的降低效果,且对水动力性能影响较小。

斜航工况下吊舱推进器水动力性能数值及试验研究

为了探讨吊舱推进器在斜航工况下的水动力性能变化,以某豪华邮轮吊舱推进器为研究对象,采用STAR CCM+软件基于RANS(Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes)方法并结合标准速系数和偏转角的水动力性能进行数值模拟。同时,利用拖曳水池和吊舱动力仪进行试验研究,并与仿真数据进行比较分析,进一步讨论螺旋桨与吊舱之间的相互作用对水动力性能的影响。结果表明,本文采用的数值模拟方法可较准确预测斜航工况下的水动力性能。螺旋桨推力系数、扭矩系数关于直航工况点对称,其数值随着偏转角的增大而增大;吊舱单元推力系数随着偏转角的增大而减小,吊舱侧向力随着偏转角的增大而增大;螺旋桨单元流场压力和流速在叶梢处达到最大值,吊舱左侧比右侧承担更多的表面压力幅值。

后置定子泵喷推进器压力脉动特性分析

基于改进的延迟分离涡模型对后置定子泵喷推进器瞬态流场进行数值模拟,所得推力计算值与试验值最大误差为4.68%,验证数值模拟的可靠性。分析泵喷推进器近流场压力脉动时频域特性,研究多工况下后置定子表面压力系数、声压脉动时均值的分布规律。结果表明,泵喷推进器内压力脉动主要受转子影响,脉动周期与转子旋转周期一致,频域峰值出现在低频段且均为转子叶片通过频率的整数倍;后置定子平衡转子扭矩的做功区集中在定子前缘,并沿弦向贡献逐渐降低,尾缘约1.8%定子弦长位置对平衡扭矩近乎无贡献;前缘是定子噪声的主要贡献源,在高进速系数下,尾缘表现为定子噪声的次要贡献源,随着进速系数的降低,尾缘对定子噪声贡献逐渐降低。

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF A PODDED PROPULSOR IN VISCOUS FLOW

A podded propulsor in viscous flow is numerically simulated in this article. The region of fluid is divided into efficient calculation grids. The pressure and viscous force of blades, pod and strut are obtained as functions of an advance coefficient. The steady result is used as a base in the unsteady simulation to obtain a solution more quickly. The distributions of the thrust and torque fluctuations of the key blade in one revolution are obtained. The c^lculation results from the mixing plane on steady conditions are compared with those obtained from the sliding mesh model on unsteady conditions. The User-Defined Function （UDF） method is used to simulate the influence of ship hull on the non-uniform wake of the propeller.

Parametric Study of an Underwater Finned Propulsor Inspired by Bluespotted Ray

The performance ofbluespotted rays was emulated in the design ofa bioinspired underwater propulsor in the present work. First, the movement of a live bluespotted ray was captured for the swimming mode and useful information to the biomimetic mechanism design. By virtue of the modular and reconfigurable design concept, an undulatory fin propulsion prototype was developed. With a proper experimental set-up, orthogonal experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of various fin design parameters on the propulsion speed, thrust, and power of the fish robot. The controllable fin parameters include frequency, amplitude, wavelength, fin shape, and undulatory mode. The significance of these parameters was also determined by using the variance analysis. The results demonstrate that the designed propulsor, imitating bluespotted rays with large expanded undulatory fins, is able to propel itself by changing various kinematic parameters.

Numerical Prediction of the Pump jet Propulsor Tip Clearance Vortex Cavitation in Uniform Flow

Previous studies show that the tip clearance loss limits the improvement of pumpjet propulsor (PJP) performance,and the tip clearance flow field is the most complicated part of PJP flow.In this work,the non-cavitation and cavitation hydrodynamic performances of PJP with a tip clearance size of 1 mm are obtained by using the detached-eddy simulation (DES).At constant oncoming velocity,cavitation first occurs on the duct and then disappears with the decrease of the advance ratio.The rotor blade cavitation occurs at the low advance ratio and comprises tip clearance cavitation,tip leakage cavitation,and blade sheet cavitation.In the rotor region,the typical vortices include tip separation vortex,tip leakage vortex,trailing edge shedding vortex,and blade root horseshoe vortex.Combined with the pressure distribution,both the Q and λ2 criteria give reliable results of vortex identification.The cavitation causes an expansion of tip leakage vortex in the circumferential direction and decreases the intensities of tip separation vortex in the whole tip clearance area and tip leakage vortex in the cavitation area,and enhances the strength of tip leakage vortex in the downstream non-cavitation area.

Design, fabrication, and testing of a maneuverable underwater vehicle with a hybrid propulsor

Rapidity and agility are equally important to unmanned underwater vehicles(UUVs).In this study we developed a UUV equipped with a hybrid propulsor which consists of a screw propeller and four bio-inspired flippers.The bionic flippers rely on their flapping motion to generate both thrust and lateral forces,and the screw propeller provides additional thrust for fast cruise.The maneuverability is greatly improved while the capability of sailing fast is maintained.For the typical sailing requests,the flapping motions of the flippers were designed meticulously,and a control algorithm based on central pattern generators(CPGs)was built to produce rhythmic locomotor signals considering the motion periodicity.Simultaneously,a feedback control method was merged to correct the deviation of the course.A compact concentric-shafts transmission mechanism was employed to overcome the inadequacy of the inside space,and the vehicle was built.Finally,the sailing and maneuvering performance were tested.It was demonstrated that,the UUV’s overall sailing performance was enhanced significantly due to the combination of the flapping flippers and the screw propeller.The hybrid-propulsor vehicle is capable of sailing in multiplicate environments.

An integral panel method for the hydrodynamic analysis of hybrid contra-rotating shaft pod propulsors

The present work is devoted to developing an efficient method for the analysis and design of hybrid contra-rotating shaft pod(HCRSP)propulsors.The geometry of contra-rotating propulsor(CRP)was then analyzed,and a steady integral panel method that treats the forward and aft propellers as a whole part is presented.During the study,the control equation of the steady integral panel method for CRP is derived in detail.From the experience of developing an integral panel method for CRP,the characteristics of panel singularity strength in HCRSP propulsor was analyzed.Based on this analysis,an integral panel method for HCRSP propulsor is developed and the wake model discussed.Then,the method is applied in the performance analysis of HCRSP propulsor.Comparison between experimental data and numerical results shows that the steady integral panel method has good accuracy in terms of open water performance.Regarding the latter,the error source in the steady integral panel method is discussed.

AN INTEGRATEDC METHOD FOR COMPUTING COMPUTING THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL VISCOUS FLOW FIELD AROUND THE DUCTED PROPULSOR BEHIND AN AXISYMMETRIC BODY

This paper presents an effective method for computing the internal and external viscous flow field around the ducted propulsor behind an axisymmetric they by using a new Navier-Stokes equations solver with primitive variable continuity equation formulation. In the present numerical method, the calculation equation for pressure with well-defined coefficient,which form is similar to the artificial compressibility method, is developed. A semi-staggered grid system is adopted. Not only the advantage of staggered grid system can be retained but the boundary conditions on the inner and outer surface of the duct can be also carried out easily. By using a special grid system and the programming technique for implementing the jump boundary condition on the duct surfaces, the internal and external viscous flow field around the ducted propulsor behind the axisymmetric they may be calculated integrally in an unified numbered grid system. Some configurations are calculated and compared with experimental date and numerical results of other methods. Illustrative calculations are also presented for a stern of axisymmetric body with the backstep fitted a duct to illustrate the capability of the present method. Beside that, the effect of axial distribution of they force is considered and discussed in order to extend the application range of the present method.

转子梢部带圆环并嵌入导管内壁凹槽的泵喷推进器水动力性能研究

针对泵喷推进器梢部流动引起的梢隙空化和梢涡空化问题,本文设计了一种转子梢部带圆环并嵌入导管内壁凹槽的改进型泵喷推进器。基于RANS方程,结合SST k-ω湍流模型,采用分块网格技术,对水下航行体后的泵喷推进器模型进行数值模拟,来分析梢部带圆环并嵌入导管内壁凹槽结构对梢隙空化与梢涡空化的控制效果以及对导管内壁脉动压力和泵喷推进性能的影响。结果显示,梢部带圆环并嵌入导管凹槽结构能明显增大转子梢部的压力以及梢涡涡核压力,减弱梢涡强度,避免梢隙空化的发生和推迟梢涡空化的发生,同时能有效降低导管内壁的脉动压力幅值,降低引起导管结构振动的激励源,并且对推进效率影响较小。该研究结果为泵喷推进器的减振降噪提供了新途径。

来流条件对轴流喷水推进器性能的影响研究

高速舰船在实际航行过程中的来流条件十分复杂,为研究不同来流条件对喷水推进器性能的影响,以轴流式喷水推进器为研究对象,基于均相流模型、Zwart空化模型和SST k-ω湍流模型,对不同来流速度和来流角度条件下的喷水推进器进行了数值模拟,通过网格不确定度分析、数值与试验结果对比及误差分析验证了数值计算方法的可靠性,最终获得了不同来流条件喷水推进器推进性能和内流特性的变化规律。结果表明:随着来流速度增大,装置流量不断增加,扬程、推力和效率先增大后减小,在来流速度为5.6m/s时性能最佳。转速为2450r/min时,叶轮空化程度较弱,当来流速度v≥8.4m/s时,流量显著增大,冲角减小,叶片工作面流动分离增强,压力面开始出现空泡。来流角度增大对低来流速度工况喷水推进器性能几乎无影响,高来流速度工况则表现出推力、扬程和效率的急剧下降,来流角度从3°增加至7°时,推力、扬程和效率降幅分别高达13.8%,13.9%与8.3%。来流角度增大,各过流部件速度不均匀性增大,叶轮和导叶区域湍流耗散增大,叶轮进口冲角减小,压力面流动分离增强,做功能力下降,推进装置性能急剧恶化。

前置预旋定子泵喷推进器辐射噪声数值预报

The requirement of low radiated noise is increasing for underwater propulsors as the noise significantly affecting the comfort and quietness of ships,submarines,and vessels.To broaden the view of noise characteristics of pump-jet propulsors(PJPs),this paper considers the radiated noise of a pre-swirl stator PJP with the effects of the advance coefficient and rotor rotational speed.Radiated noise is obtained by the“hybrid method”approach,which combines a hydrodynamic solver with a hydroacoustic solver.The turbulence flow is obtained through improved delayed detached eddy simulation(IDDES),which show good agreement with the experiment,including the performance and flow field.The solver precision,permeable surface size,and sampling frequency notably affect the noise calculation.The spectra of thrust fluctuation and radiated noise are characterized by the tonal phenomenon around the blade passing frequency and its harmonics.The spectrum of radiated noise and overall sound pressure level(OSPL)are considerably affected by both the advance coefficient and the rotor rotational speed.Overall,the numerical results and analysis given in this paper should be partly helpful in deepening the understanding of the radiated noise characteristics of PJPs.

泵喷推进器间隙流动控制技术试验研究

[目的]旨在抑制转子叶梢间隙流动,解决其给泵喷推进器水动力性能和非定常激振力带来的问题。[方法]以某型前置定子式泵喷推进器为对象,采用环状柔性密封结构与转子端环配合的方法,研究其抑制转子叶梢的间隙流动的有效性。通过保持导管结构近似刚性固定,测得推进器转子的推力和扭矩,给出转子的敞水效率,在高功率频闪仪的辅助下,观察记录各设计工况下的空化初生点,计算绘制出推进器的空化初生特性曲线。针对有/无间隙的推进器模型,在空化/非空化状态下通过试验测得转子轴的振动加速度,以此评估间隙消除对轴系振动的影响。[结果]结果显示:带有柔性密封结构的泵喷推进器,其转子的推力和扭矩显著提升,也使得转子敞水效率在中低进速系数下得到显著提升,且在设计点附近基本保持不变,在较高进速系数下略有下降;在设计点附近一段很宽的进速系数(0.85<J<1.40)下,无间隙泵喷推进器的空化性能更优;与有间隙泵喷推进器相比,装有无间隙泵喷推进器的轴系,其轴向振动加速度幅值在大多数特征频率处都显著降低。[结论]研究结果表明,采用柔性密封结构来抑制叶顶间隙流动,对于提高中低进速系数下的转子敞水效率、优化设计点处的空化性能以及抑制推进器的轴系振动等具有积极作用。