BACKGROUND It is unclear that paired-related homeobox 1(PRRX1)induces epithelialmesenchymal transition(EMT)in oesophageal cancer and the specific function of PRRX1 in oesophageal cancer metastasis.AIM To assess the si...BACKGROUND It is unclear that paired-related homeobox 1(PRRX1)induces epithelialmesenchymal transition(EMT)in oesophageal cancer and the specific function of PRRX1 in oesophageal cancer metastasis.AIM To assess the signicance of PRRX1 expression and investigate the mechanism of EMT in oesophageal cancer metastasis.METHODS Detect the expression of PRRX1 by immunohistochemistry in oesophageal tumour tissues and adjacent normal oesophageal tissues;the PRRX1 short hairpin RNA(shRNA)or blank vector lentiviral gene delivery system was transfected into cells;cell proliferation assay,soft agar colony formation assays,cell invasion and migration assays and animal studies were used to observe cells biological characteristics In vitro and in vivo;XAV939 and LiCl were used to alter the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis were used to detect protein expression of EMT markers and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.RESULTS PRRX1 is expressed at high levels in oesophageal cancer specimens and is closely related to tumour metastasis in patients with oesophageal cancer.Regulation of PRRX1 expression might exert obvious effects on cell proliferation,especially the migration and invasion of oesophageal cancer cells.Moreover,silencing PRRX1 expression using a shRNA produced the opposite effects.In addition,when PRRX1 was overexpressed,inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with XAV939 negated the effect of PRRX1 on EMT,whereas when PRRX1 was downregulated,activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with LiCl impaired the effect on EMT.CONCLUSION PRRX1 is upregulated in oesophageal cancer is closely correlated with cancer metastasis.Additionally,PRRX1 induces EMT in oesophageal cancer metastasis through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the expression of visual system homeobox 1(VSX1) and myofibroblast marker alpha smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) in keratoconus(KC). METHODS: Thirty corneal tissue were collected from KC patients after ...AIM: To investigate the expression of visual system homeobox 1(VSX1) and myofibroblast marker alpha smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) in keratoconus(KC). METHODS: Thirty corneal tissue were collected from KC patients after corneal transplantation and 15 normal donor corneas were obtained. All corneal tissues divided into 4 parts for different detections. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of the specimens. VSX1 and α-SMA localization in cornea tissues was detected using immunofluorescence histochemistry. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and Western blot were performed to analyze the expression level of VSX1 and α-SMA. RESULTS: Compared to normal cornea tissue, the collagen fibers in KC stroma were distortional and attenuated and keratocytes were abnormally changed. VSX1 and α-SMA located in the corneal stroma. The mRNA and protein expression level of VSX1 in KC were about 3 times as high as that of normal tissue(P<0.001). α-SMA was hardly expressed in the normal corneas, however, its expression in the KC was about 1.5 times higher than that of the normal corneas(P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Compared with normal corneal the expression of VSX1 and α-SMA in KC both increased. VSX1 is related to the activation of keratocytes and involved in the pathogenesis of keratoconus.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effect of pituitary homeobox 1 （PITX1） expression in cases of human gastric cancer on cancer differentiation and progression, and carcinogenesis. METHODS： Using polyclonal PITX1 antibodies,...AIM： To investigate the effect of pituitary homeobox 1 （PITX1） expression in cases of human gastric cancer on cancer differentiation and progression, and carcinogenesis. METHODS： Using polyclonal PITX1 antibodies, we studied the expression of PITX1 in normal gastric mucosa, atypical hyperplasia, intestinal metaplasia, and cancer tissue samples from 83 gastric cancer patients by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, semi-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （semi-RT-PCR） was performed to detect the mRNA level of PITX1 in three gastric cancer cell lines and a normal gastric epithelial cell line. Subsequently, somatic mutations of the PITX1 gene in 71 gastric cancer patients were analyzed by a combination of denaturing high performance liquid chromatography （DHPLC） and DNA sequencing. RESULTS： Immunohistochemistry showed that PITXl was strongly or moderately expressed in the parietal cells of normal gastric mucosa （100%）, while 55 （66.3%） out of 83 samples of gastric cancers showed decreased PITXl expression. Moreover, PITXl expression was reduced in 20 out of 28 cases （71.5%） of intestinal metaplasia, but in only 1 out of 9 cases （11%） of atypical hyperplasia. More importantly, PITXl expression was significantly associated with the differentiation, position and invasion depth of gastric cancers （r = -0.316, P 〈 0.01; r = 0.213, P 〈 0.05; r = -0.259, P 〈 0.05, respectively）. Similarly, levels of PITXl mRNA were significantly decreased in 2 gastric cancer cell lines, BGC-823 and SGC-7901, compared with the normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 （0.306 ± 0.060 vs 0.722 ± 0.102, P 〈 0.05; 0.356 ± 0.081 vs 0.722 ± 0.102, P 〈 0.05, respectively）. Nevertheless, no somatic mutation of PITX1 gene was found in 71 samples of gastric cancer by DHPLC analysis followed by sequencing. CONCLUSION： Down-regulation of PITX1 may be a frequent molecular event in gastric carcinogenesis. Aberrant levels of PITXl expression may be closely correlated with the progression and differentiation of gastric cancer,展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND It is unclear that paired-related homeobox 1(PRRX1)induces epithelialmesenchymal transition(EMT)in oesophageal cancer and the specific function of PRRX1 in oesophageal cancer metastasis.AIM To assess the signicance of PRRX1 expression and investigate the mechanism of EMT in oesophageal cancer metastasis.METHODS Detect the expression of PRRX1 by immunohistochemistry in oesophageal tumour tissues and adjacent normal oesophageal tissues;the PRRX1 short hairpin RNA(shRNA)or blank vector lentiviral gene delivery system was transfected into cells;cell proliferation assay,soft agar colony formation assays,cell invasion and migration assays and animal studies were used to observe cells biological characteristics In vitro and in vivo;XAV939 and LiCl were used to alter the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis were used to detect protein expression of EMT markers and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.RESULTS PRRX1 is expressed at high levels in oesophageal cancer specimens and is closely related to tumour metastasis in patients with oesophageal cancer.Regulation of PRRX1 expression might exert obvious effects on cell proliferation,especially the migration and invasion of oesophageal cancer cells.Moreover,silencing PRRX1 expression using a shRNA produced the opposite effects.In addition,when PRRX1 was overexpressed,inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with XAV939 negated the effect of PRRX1 on EMT,whereas when PRRX1 was downregulated,activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with LiCl impaired the effect on EMT.CONCLUSION PRRX1 is upregulated in oesophageal cancer is closely correlated with cancer metastasis.Additionally,PRRX1 induces EMT in oesophageal cancer metastasis through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2017JM8040)Xi’an Science and Technology Project [No.2017116SF/YX010(7)]
文摘AIM: To investigate the expression of visual system homeobox 1(VSX1) and myofibroblast marker alpha smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) in keratoconus(KC). METHODS: Thirty corneal tissue were collected from KC patients after corneal transplantation and 15 normal donor corneas were obtained. All corneal tissues divided into 4 parts for different detections. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of the specimens. VSX1 and α-SMA localization in cornea tissues was detected using immunofluorescence histochemistry. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and Western blot were performed to analyze the expression level of VSX1 and α-SMA. RESULTS: Compared to normal cornea tissue, the collagen fibers in KC stroma were distortional and attenuated and keratocytes were abnormally changed. VSX1 and α-SMA located in the corneal stroma. The mRNA and protein expression level of VSX1 in KC were about 3 times as high as that of normal tissue(P<0.001). α-SMA was hardly expressed in the normal corneas, however, its expression in the KC was about 1.5 times higher than that of the normal corneas(P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Compared with normal corneal the expression of VSX1 and α-SMA in KC both increased. VSX1 is related to the activation of keratocytes and involved in the pathogenesis of keratoconus.
基金The National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, No. 30125017The Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program), No. 2002CB513100
文摘AIM： To investigate the effect of pituitary homeobox 1 （PITX1） expression in cases of human gastric cancer on cancer differentiation and progression, and carcinogenesis. METHODS： Using polyclonal PITX1 antibodies, we studied the expression of PITX1 in normal gastric mucosa, atypical hyperplasia, intestinal metaplasia, and cancer tissue samples from 83 gastric cancer patients by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, semi-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （semi-RT-PCR） was performed to detect the mRNA level of PITX1 in three gastric cancer cell lines and a normal gastric epithelial cell line. Subsequently, somatic mutations of the PITX1 gene in 71 gastric cancer patients were analyzed by a combination of denaturing high performance liquid chromatography （DHPLC） and DNA sequencing. RESULTS： Immunohistochemistry showed that PITXl was strongly or moderately expressed in the parietal cells of normal gastric mucosa （100%）, while 55 （66.3%） out of 83 samples of gastric cancers showed decreased PITXl expression. Moreover, PITXl expression was reduced in 20 out of 28 cases （71.5%） of intestinal metaplasia, but in only 1 out of 9 cases （11%） of atypical hyperplasia. More importantly, PITXl expression was significantly associated with the differentiation, position and invasion depth of gastric cancers （r = -0.316, P 〈 0.01; r = 0.213, P 〈 0.05; r = -0.259, P 〈 0.05, respectively）. Similarly, levels of PITXl mRNA were significantly decreased in 2 gastric cancer cell lines, BGC-823 and SGC-7901, compared with the normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 （0.306 ± 0.060 vs 0.722 ± 0.102, P 〈 0.05; 0.356 ± 0.081 vs 0.722 ± 0.102, P 〈 0.05, respectively）. Nevertheless, no somatic mutation of PITX1 gene was found in 71 samples of gastric cancer by DHPLC analysis followed by sequencing. CONCLUSION： Down-regulation of PITX1 may be a frequent molecular event in gastric carcinogenesis. Aberrant levels of PITXl expression may be closely correlated with the progression and differentiation of gastric cancer,
