Background: Breast cancer is the most common female cancer in Pakistan. The incidence of breast cancer in Pakistan is about 2.5 times higher than that in the neighboring countries India and Iran. In Karachi, the most...Background: Breast cancer is the most common female cancer in Pakistan. The incidence of breast cancer in Pakistan is about 2.5 times higher than that in the neighboring countries India and Iran. In Karachi, the most populated city of Pakistan, the age-standardized rate of breast cancer was 69.1 per 100,000 women during 1998-2002, which is the highest recorded rate in Asia. The carcinoma of breast in Pakistan is an enormous public health concern. In this study, we examined the recent trends of breast cancer incidence rates among the women in Karachi. Methods: We obtained the secondary data of breast cancer incidence from various hospitals. They included Jinnah Hospital, KIRAN (Karachi Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine), and Civil hospital, where the data were available for the years 2004-2011. A total of 5331 new cases of female breast cancer were registered during this period. We analyzed the data in 5-year age groups 15-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75+. Nonparametric smoothing were used to obtained age-specific incidence curves, and then the curves are decomposed using principal components analysis to fit FTS (functional time series) model. We then used exponential smoothing statspace models to estimate the forecasts of incidence curve and construct prediction intervals. Results: The breast cancer incidence rates in Karachi increased with age for all available years. The rates increased monotonically and are relatively sharp with the age from 15 years to 50 years and then they show variability after the age of 50 years. 10-year forecasts for the female breast cancer incidence rates in Karachi show that the future rates are expected to remain stable for the age-groups 15-50 years, but they will increase for the females of 50-years and over. Hence in future, the newly diagnosed breast cancer cases in the older women in Karachi are expected to increase. Conclusion: Prediction of age related changes in breast cancer incidence rates will provide useful information for controlling the overall burden of cancer in Pakistan and also serve as a resource for health planning in future research. Moreover, these models will be the most useful for modeling and projecting future trends of other cancers and chronic diseases.展开更多
Background: Currently, surgical resection represents the only curative treatment for pancreatic cancer(PC), however, the majority of tumors are no longer resectable by the time of diagnosis. The aim of this study was ...Background: Currently, surgical resection represents the only curative treatment for pancreatic cancer(PC), however, the majority of tumors are no longer resectable by the time of diagnosis. The aim of this study was to describe time trends and distribution of pancreaticoduodenectomies(PDs) performed for treating PC in Brazil in recent years. Methods: Data were retrospectively obtained from Brazilian Health Public System(namely DATASUS) regarding hospitalizations for PC and PD in Brazil from January 2008 to December 2015. PC and PD rates and their mortalities were estimated from DATASUS hospitalizations and analyzed for age, gender and demographic characteristics. Results: A total of 2364 PDs were retrieved. Albeit PC incidence more than doubled, the number of PDs increased only 37%. Most PDs were performed in men(52.2%) and patients between 50 and 69 years old(59.5%). Patients not surgically treated and those 70 years or older had the highest in-hospital mortality rates. The most developed regions(Southeast and South) as well as large metropolitan integrated municipalities registered 76.2% and 54.8% of the procedures, respectively. LMIM PD mortality fluctuated, ranging from 13.6% in 2008 to 11.8% in 2015. Conclusions: This study suggests a trend towards regionalization and volume-outcome relationships for PD due to PC, as large metropolitan integrated municipalities registered most of the PDs and more stable mortality rates. The substantial differences between PD and PC increasing rates reveals a limiting step on the health system resoluteness. Reduction in the number of hospital beds and late access to hospitalization, despite improvement in diagnostic methods, could at least in part explain these findings.展开更多
Dear Editor, Prostate cancer is an important disease worldwide)In 2015 it was the third most common cancer diagnosed in male in Hong Kong (China) and the incidence of prostate cancer has been rising in the past 15 yea...Dear Editor, Prostate cancer is an important disease worldwide)In 2015 it was the third most common cancer diagnosed in male in Hong Kong (China) and the incidence of prostate cancer has been rising in the past 15 years. Meanwhile,with increasing public awareness,health education, presentation,and detection of prostate cancer maybe changed.Therefore, we would like to review how the epidemiology of prostate cancer in Hong Kong (China)had changed in the past two decades.展开更多
Prostate cancer was perceived to be low in Africa,but recent studies have highlighted increase in incidence and mortality rate in the region including Nigeria.Appropriate nursing management of patients with prostate c...Prostate cancer was perceived to be low in Africa,but recent studies have highlighted increase in incidence and mortality rate in the region including Nigeria.Appropriate nursing management of patients with prostate cancer could help to reduce the mortality rate.A descriptive survey was used to ascertain the patients’perception of pre-operative and post-operative nursing care provided to patients with prostate cancer in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi,Anambra State,University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu,Enugu State and Federal Teaching Hospital Abakiliki,Ebonyi State in South East Nigeria.Structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from a sample of 274 respondents statistically drawn using stratified random sampling technique from a population of 876.Result showed that patients perceived the post-operative care as satisfactory(80.1%)and pre-operative nursing care as unsatisfactory(40%).The hypothesis revealed that there is no significant difference(p>0.05)in nursing care provided by the nurses in three selected health institutions.Based on the findings,the researchers recommended that there is need to empower nurses with more information on prostate cancer management especially in pre-operative care to enable them to provide suitable quality care.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To analyze the incidence rate and trend of thyroid cancer in Tianjin over a recent 20-year period. METHODS A method of descriptive epidemiology was used to study the occurrence of thyroid cancer. RESULTS Dur...OBJECTIVE To analyze the incidence rate and trend of thyroid cancer in Tianjin over a recent 20-year period. METHODS A method of descriptive epidemiology was used to study the occurrence of thyroid cancer. RESULTS During 1981-2001, the average incidence rate of thyroid cancer was 1.770 per 100,000 with a male to female incidence ratio of 1: 2.74, the occurrence being higher in females than in males. Thyroid cancer incidence increased gradually with time over the 20 years in both males and females, especially the incidence peaked in females of 35-50 years of age. CONCLUSION The rapid increase in the incidence rate of thyroid cancer, especially in females, suggests that further research on the risk factors and preventive efforts related to high-risk women should be conducted.展开更多
Objective:Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common cancers and the major cause of cancer death in China.The aim of this study was to estimate the burden of CRC in China.Materials and methods:Data from the Natio...Objective:Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common cancers and the major cause of cancer death in China.The aim of this study was to estimate the burden of CRC in China.Materials and methods:Data from the National Cancer Center(NCC)of China was used and stratified by area(urban/rural),sex(male/female)for analyzing the age-speci c incidence and mortality rates.Time trend of colorectal cancer was calculated based on the 22 high-quality cancer registries in China.National new cases and deaths of colorectal cancer were estimated using age-speci c rates multiplied by the corresponding national population in 2014.The Chinese population in 2000 and Segi’s world population were used to calculate age-standardized rates of colorectal cancer in China.Results:Overall,370,400 new colorectal cancer cases and 179,600 deaths were estimated in China in 2014,with about 214,100 new cases in men and 156,300 in women.Meanwhile,104,000 deaths cases of colorectal cancer were men and 75,600 deaths were women,which accounted for 9.74%and 7.82%of all cancer incidence and deaths in China,separately.Relatively higher incidence and mortality was observed in urban areas of China.And the Eastern areas of China showed the highest incidence and mortality.The age-standardized incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer has increased by about 1.9%per year for incidence and about 0.9%per year for mortality rate from 2000 to 2014.Conclusion:With gradually higher incidence and mortality rate in the past 15 years,colorectal cancer became a major challenge to China’s public health.E ective control strategies are needed in China.展开更多
目的分析2000—2019年我国肝癌发病与死亡趋势,为我国肝癌防治策略的制订提供科学依据。方法收集2000—2019年全球健康数据交换(the Global Health Data Exchange,GHDx)数据库中我国肝癌发病与死亡个案信息,运用JoinPoint回归模型以平...目的分析2000—2019年我国肝癌发病与死亡趋势,为我国肝癌防治策略的制订提供科学依据。方法收集2000—2019年全球健康数据交换(the Global Health Data Exchange,GHDx)数据库中我国肝癌发病与死亡个案信息,运用JoinPoint回归模型以平均年度变化百分比(average annual percent change,AAPC)和年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC)分别描述全人群、不同性别及不同年龄肝癌发病与死亡的变化趋势。结果2000—2019年我国肝癌发病和死亡总例数分别为4322652例和4093855例,标化发病率和死亡率分别为11.31/10万和9.68/10万。2000—2019年我国肝癌的发病率呈下降趋势(AAPC=-2.11%),其中2000—2002年和2002—2005年均呈下降趋势,APC分别为-10.55%和-15.45%;2005—2010年和2010—2019年均呈上升趋势,APC分别为0.44%和3.39%;男性和女性人群的发病率均呈下降趋势(AAPC=-1.95%,-2.43%)。2000—2019我国肝癌的死亡率呈下降趋势(AAPC=-2.41%),其中2000—2005年呈下降趋势,APC为-13.52%,2005—2012年和2012—2019年均呈上升趋势,APC分别为0.18%和3.64%;男性和女性人群的死亡率均呈下降趋势(AAPC=-2.34%,-2.60%)。我国肝癌的年龄别发病率及死亡率随着年龄的增长呈不断上升的趋势(AAPC=5.94%,7.10%),其中男性年龄别发病率在10~40岁之间增长较快,80岁之后增长速度有所下降,女性则整体呈上升趋势;男性年龄别死亡率在5~10岁之间增长率较大,女性则随着年龄的增长整体呈上升趋势。结论2000—2019年我国肝癌发病率及死亡率整体呈下降趋势,男性的发病率和死亡率大于女性,且随年龄增长呈上升趋势,男性及老年人群是肝癌重点关注人群。展开更多
文摘Background: Breast cancer is the most common female cancer in Pakistan. The incidence of breast cancer in Pakistan is about 2.5 times higher than that in the neighboring countries India and Iran. In Karachi, the most populated city of Pakistan, the age-standardized rate of breast cancer was 69.1 per 100,000 women during 1998-2002, which is the highest recorded rate in Asia. The carcinoma of breast in Pakistan is an enormous public health concern. In this study, we examined the recent trends of breast cancer incidence rates among the women in Karachi. Methods: We obtained the secondary data of breast cancer incidence from various hospitals. They included Jinnah Hospital, KIRAN (Karachi Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine), and Civil hospital, where the data were available for the years 2004-2011. A total of 5331 new cases of female breast cancer were registered during this period. We analyzed the data in 5-year age groups 15-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75+. Nonparametric smoothing were used to obtained age-specific incidence curves, and then the curves are decomposed using principal components analysis to fit FTS (functional time series) model. We then used exponential smoothing statspace models to estimate the forecasts of incidence curve and construct prediction intervals. Results: The breast cancer incidence rates in Karachi increased with age for all available years. The rates increased monotonically and are relatively sharp with the age from 15 years to 50 years and then they show variability after the age of 50 years. 10-year forecasts for the female breast cancer incidence rates in Karachi show that the future rates are expected to remain stable for the age-groups 15-50 years, but they will increase for the females of 50-years and over. Hence in future, the newly diagnosed breast cancer cases in the older women in Karachi are expected to increase. Conclusion: Prediction of age related changes in breast cancer incidence rates will provide useful information for controlling the overall burden of cancer in Pakistan and also serve as a resource for health planning in future research. Moreover, these models will be the most useful for modeling and projecting future trends of other cancers and chronic diseases.
基金supported by grants from Fundacao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro-FAPERJ [E-26/2014-202.008]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico–CNPq [302401/2016-4]
文摘Background: Currently, surgical resection represents the only curative treatment for pancreatic cancer(PC), however, the majority of tumors are no longer resectable by the time of diagnosis. The aim of this study was to describe time trends and distribution of pancreaticoduodenectomies(PDs) performed for treating PC in Brazil in recent years. Methods: Data were retrospectively obtained from Brazilian Health Public System(namely DATASUS) regarding hospitalizations for PC and PD in Brazil from January 2008 to December 2015. PC and PD rates and their mortalities were estimated from DATASUS hospitalizations and analyzed for age, gender and demographic characteristics. Results: A total of 2364 PDs were retrieved. Albeit PC incidence more than doubled, the number of PDs increased only 37%. Most PDs were performed in men(52.2%) and patients between 50 and 69 years old(59.5%). Patients not surgically treated and those 70 years or older had the highest in-hospital mortality rates. The most developed regions(Southeast and South) as well as large metropolitan integrated municipalities registered 76.2% and 54.8% of the procedures, respectively. LMIM PD mortality fluctuated, ranging from 13.6% in 2008 to 11.8% in 2015. Conclusions: This study suggests a trend towards regionalization and volume-outcome relationships for PD due to PC, as large metropolitan integrated municipalities registered most of the PDs and more stable mortality rates. The substantial differences between PD and PC increasing rates reveals a limiting step on the health system resoluteness. Reduction in the number of hospital beds and late access to hospitalization, despite improvement in diagnostic methods, could at least in part explain these findings.
文摘Dear Editor, Prostate cancer is an important disease worldwide)In 2015 it was the third most common cancer diagnosed in male in Hong Kong (China) and the incidence of prostate cancer has been rising in the past 15 years. Meanwhile,with increasing public awareness,health education, presentation,and detection of prostate cancer maybe changed.Therefore, we would like to review how the epidemiology of prostate cancer in Hong Kong (China)had changed in the past two decades.
文摘Prostate cancer was perceived to be low in Africa,but recent studies have highlighted increase in incidence and mortality rate in the region including Nigeria.Appropriate nursing management of patients with prostate cancer could help to reduce the mortality rate.A descriptive survey was used to ascertain the patients’perception of pre-operative and post-operative nursing care provided to patients with prostate cancer in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi,Anambra State,University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu,Enugu State and Federal Teaching Hospital Abakiliki,Ebonyi State in South East Nigeria.Structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from a sample of 274 respondents statistically drawn using stratified random sampling technique from a population of 876.Result showed that patients perceived the post-operative care as satisfactory(80.1%)and pre-operative nursing care as unsatisfactory(40%).The hypothesis revealed that there is no significant difference(p>0.05)in nursing care provided by the nurses in three selected health institutions.Based on the findings,the researchers recommended that there is need to empower nurses with more information on prostate cancer management especially in pre-operative care to enable them to provide suitable quality care.
文摘OBJECTIVE To analyze the incidence rate and trend of thyroid cancer in Tianjin over a recent 20-year period. METHODS A method of descriptive epidemiology was used to study the occurrence of thyroid cancer. RESULTS During 1981-2001, the average incidence rate of thyroid cancer was 1.770 per 100,000 with a male to female incidence ratio of 1: 2.74, the occurrence being higher in females than in males. Thyroid cancer incidence increased gradually with time over the 20 years in both males and females, especially the incidence peaked in females of 35-50 years of age. CONCLUSION The rapid increase in the incidence rate of thyroid cancer, especially in females, suggests that further research on the risk factors and preventive efforts related to high-risk women should be conducted.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81602931)Excellent Talent Fund of Beijing(2016000020124G068)Ministry of Science and Technology(2014FY121100).
文摘Objective:Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common cancers and the major cause of cancer death in China.The aim of this study was to estimate the burden of CRC in China.Materials and methods:Data from the National Cancer Center(NCC)of China was used and stratified by area(urban/rural),sex(male/female)for analyzing the age-speci c incidence and mortality rates.Time trend of colorectal cancer was calculated based on the 22 high-quality cancer registries in China.National new cases and deaths of colorectal cancer were estimated using age-speci c rates multiplied by the corresponding national population in 2014.The Chinese population in 2000 and Segi’s world population were used to calculate age-standardized rates of colorectal cancer in China.Results:Overall,370,400 new colorectal cancer cases and 179,600 deaths were estimated in China in 2014,with about 214,100 new cases in men and 156,300 in women.Meanwhile,104,000 deaths cases of colorectal cancer were men and 75,600 deaths were women,which accounted for 9.74%and 7.82%of all cancer incidence and deaths in China,separately.Relatively higher incidence and mortality was observed in urban areas of China.And the Eastern areas of China showed the highest incidence and mortality.The age-standardized incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer has increased by about 1.9%per year for incidence and about 0.9%per year for mortality rate from 2000 to 2014.Conclusion:With gradually higher incidence and mortality rate in the past 15 years,colorectal cancer became a major challenge to China’s public health.E ective control strategies are needed in China.
文摘目的分析2000—2019年我国肝癌发病与死亡趋势,为我国肝癌防治策略的制订提供科学依据。方法收集2000—2019年全球健康数据交换(the Global Health Data Exchange,GHDx)数据库中我国肝癌发病与死亡个案信息,运用JoinPoint回归模型以平均年度变化百分比(average annual percent change,AAPC)和年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC)分别描述全人群、不同性别及不同年龄肝癌发病与死亡的变化趋势。结果2000—2019年我国肝癌发病和死亡总例数分别为4322652例和4093855例,标化发病率和死亡率分别为11.31/10万和9.68/10万。2000—2019年我国肝癌的发病率呈下降趋势(AAPC=-2.11%),其中2000—2002年和2002—2005年均呈下降趋势,APC分别为-10.55%和-15.45%;2005—2010年和2010—2019年均呈上升趋势,APC分别为0.44%和3.39%;男性和女性人群的发病率均呈下降趋势(AAPC=-1.95%,-2.43%)。2000—2019我国肝癌的死亡率呈下降趋势(AAPC=-2.41%),其中2000—2005年呈下降趋势,APC为-13.52%,2005—2012年和2012—2019年均呈上升趋势,APC分别为0.18%和3.64%;男性和女性人群的死亡率均呈下降趋势(AAPC=-2.34%,-2.60%)。我国肝癌的年龄别发病率及死亡率随着年龄的增长呈不断上升的趋势(AAPC=5.94%,7.10%),其中男性年龄别发病率在10~40岁之间增长较快,80岁之后增长速度有所下降,女性则整体呈上升趋势;男性年龄别死亡率在5~10岁之间增长率较大,女性则随着年龄的增长整体呈上升趋势。结论2000—2019年我国肝癌发病率及死亡率整体呈下降趋势,男性的发病率和死亡率大于女性,且随年龄增长呈上升趋势,男性及老年人群是肝癌重点关注人群。