Assessing radiation dose for postoperative radiotherapy in prostate cancer: Real world data

BACKGROUND Approximately 30%of patients with localized prostate cancer(PCa)who undergo radical prostatectomy will develop biochemical recurrence.In these patients,the only potentially curative treatment is postoperative radiotherapy(PORT)with or without hormone therapy.However,the optimal radiotherapy dose is unknown due to the limited data available.AIM To determine whether the postoperative radiotherapy dose influences biochemical failure-free survival(BFFS)in patients with PCa.METHODS Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for PCa followed by PORT-either adjuvant radiotherapy(ART)or salvage radiotherapy(SRT)-between April 2002 and July 2015.From 2002 to 2010,the prescribed radiation dose to the surgical bed was 66-70 Gy in fractions of 2 Gy;from 2010 until July 2015,the prescribed dose was 70-72 Gy.Patients were grouped into three categories according to the total dose administered:66-68 Gy,70 Gy,and 72 Gy.The primary endpoint was BFFS,defined as the post-radiotherapy prostatespecific antigen(PSA)nadir+0.2 ng/mL.Secondary endpoints were overall survival(OS),cancer-specific survival(CSS),and metastasis-free survival(MFS;based on conventional imaging tests).Treatment-related genitourinary(GU)and gastrointestinal(GI)toxicity was evaluated according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer criteria.Finally,we aimed to identify potential prognostic factors.BFFS,OS,CSS,and MFS were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were performed to explore between-group differences in survival outcome measures.RESULTS A total of 301 consecutive patients were included.Of these,93(33.6%)received ART and 186(66.4%)SRT;22 patients were excluded due to residual macroscopic disease or local recurrence in the surgical bed.In this subgroup(n=93),43 patients(46.2%)were Gleason score(GS)≤6,44(47.3%)GS 7,and 6(6.5%)GS≥8;clinical stage was cT1 in 51(54.8%),cT2 in 35(39.3%),and cT3 in one patient(1.1%);PSA was<10 ng/mL in 58(63%)patients,10-20 ng/mL in 28(30.6%),and≥20 ng/mL in 6(6.4%)patients.No differences were found in BFFS in this patient subset versus the entire cohort of patients(P=0.66).At a median follow-up of 113 months(range,4-233),5-and 10-year BFFS rates were 78.8%and 73.7%,respectively,with OS rates of 93.3%and 81.4%.The 5-year BFFS rates in three groups were as follows:69.6%(66-68 Gy),80.5%(70 Gy)and 82.6%(72 Gy)(P=0.12):the corresponding 10-year rates were 63.9%,72.9%,and 82.6%(P=0.12),respectively.No significant between-group differences were observed in MFS,CSS,or OS.On the univariate analysis,the following variables were significantly associated with BFFS:PSA at diagnosis;clinical stage(cT1 vs cT2);GS at diagnosis;treatment indication(ART vs SRT);pre-RT PSA levels;and RT dose 66-68 Gy vs.72 Gy(HR:2.05;95%CI:1.02-4.02,P=0.04).On the multivariate analysis,the following variables remained significant:biopsy GS(HR:2.85;95%CI:1.83-4.43,P<0.001);clinical stage(HR:2.31;95%CI:1.47-4.43,P=0.01);and treatment indication(HR:4.11;95%CI:2.06-8.17,P<0.001).Acute grade(G)1 GU toxicity was observed in 11(20.4%),17(19.8%),and 3(8.3%)patients in each group(66-68 Gy,70 Gy and 72 Gy),respectively(P=0.295).Acute G2 toxicity was observed in 2(3.7%),4(4.7%)and 2(5.6%)patients,respectively(P=0.949).Acute G1 GI toxicity was observed in 16(29.6%),23(26.7%)and 2(5.6%)patients in each group,respectively(P=0.011).Acute G2 GI toxicity was observed in 2(3.7%),6(6.9%)and 1(2.8%)patients,respectively(P=0.278).No cases of acute G3 GI toxicity were observed.CONCLUSION The findings of this retrospective study suggest that postoperative radiotherapy dose intensification in PCa is not superior to conventional radiotherapy treatment.

Adjuvant radiotherapy for pathologically advanced prostate cancer improves biochemical recurrence free survival compared to salvage radiotherapy

AIM: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients receiving adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy following prostatectomy with adverse pathologic features and an undetectable prostate specific antigen(PSA).METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of patients who received post-prostatectomy radiation at Loyola University Medical Center between 1992 and 2013. Adverse pathologic features(Gleason score ≥ 8, seminal vesicle invasion, extracapsular extension, pathologic T4 disease, and/or positive surgical margins) and an undetectable PSA following prostatectomy were required for inclusion. Adjuvant patients received therapy with an undetectable PSA, salvage patients following biochemical recurrence(BCR). Post-radiation BCR, overall survival, bone metastases, and initiation of hormonal therapy were assessed. Kaplan-Meier time-to-event analyses and stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression(HR) were performed. RESULTS: Post-prostatectomy patients(n = 134) received either adjuvant(n = 47) or salvage(n = 87) radiation. Median age at radiotherapy(RT) was 63 years, and median follow-up was 53 mo. Five-year post-radiation BCR-free survival was 78% for adjuvant vs 50% salvage radiotherapy(SRT)(Logrank P = 0.001). Patients with radiation administered following a detectable PSA had an increased risk of BCR compared to undetectable: PSA > 0.0-0.2: HR = 4.1(95%CI: 1.5-11.2; P = 0.005); PSA > 0.2-1.0: HR = 4.4(95%CI: 1.6-11.9; P = 0.003); and PSA > 1.0: HR = 52(95%CI: 12.9-210; P < 0.001). There was no demonstrable difference in rates of overall survival, bone metastases or utilization of hormonal therapy between adjuvant and SRT patients. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant RT improves BCR-free survival compared to SRT in patients with adverse pathologic features and an undetectable post-prostatectomy PSA.

健脾温肾法治疗前列腺癌放射疗法术后尿失禁医案一则

前列腺癌是老年男性泌尿系统常见恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率随年龄增长而升高,我国前列腺癌的发病率呈现逐年上升的趋势。尿失禁为前列腺癌治疗后的常见并发症之一,严重影响患者生活质量及心理健康。其发生机制较复杂,可能与局部神经、肌肉损伤相关,现代医学针对尿失禁的治疗方式多种多样,以保守治疗、药物及手术治疗为主。中医将尿失禁归属于“遗尿”“遗溺”“小便不禁”等疾病范畴,主要由脏腑功能失调所致,以脾、肾两脏为主,两脏功能失调、相互影响导致水液代谢异常,发为遗尿。近年中医药治疗尿失禁取得一定的进展,且治疗方法多样,根据个体辨证施治,临床多采用多样治疗方式联合治疗。针刺作为传统中医药疗法的重要组成部分,在临床上广泛应用,其通过针刺相应穴位达到刺激排尿神经及局部肌肉收缩以改善排尿功能的目的。针刺结合中药内服治疗在改善尿失禁患者控制排尿及憋尿时间方面具有较好的临床疗效。中医治疗本病较安全、无不良反应,患者易接受。笔者在门诊跟师过程中,老师以健脾温肾法为治疗原则,以针刺结合中药内服治疗前列腺癌放射疗法术后尿失禁患者,其临床疗效显著,现将该患者诊疗过程整理成临床验案,为临床治疗该病提供诊疗思路。

Effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on prognosis and surgery for esophageal carcinoma

AIM:To investigate the role of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in prognosis and surgery for esophageal carcinoma by a meta-analysis.METHODS:PubMed and manual searches were done to identify all published randomized controlled trials(RCTs) that compared neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery(CRTS) with surgery alone(S) for esophageal cancer.According to the test of heterogeneity,a fi xed-effect model or a random effect model was used and the odds ratio(OR) was the principal measure of effects.RESULTS:Fourteen RCTs that included 1737 patients were selected with quality assessment ranging from A to C(Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook 4.2.2).OR(95% CI,P value),expressed as CRTS vs S(values>1 favor CRTS arm),was 1.19(0.94-1.48,P=0.28) for 1-year survival,1.33(1.07-1.65,P=0.69) for 2-year survival,1.76(1.42-2.19,P=0.11) for 3-year survival,1.41(1.06-1.87,P=0.11) for 4-year survival,1.64(1.28-2.12,P=0.40) for 5-year survival,0.82(0.39-1.73,P<0.0001) for rate of resection,1.53(1.33-2.84,P=0.007) for rate of complete resection,1.78(1.14-2.78,P=0.79) for operative mortality,1.12(0.89-2.48,P=0.503) for all treatment mortality,1.33(0.94-1.88,P=0.04) for the rate of adverse treatment,1.38(1.23-1.63,P=0.0002) for local-regional cancer recurrence,1.28(0.85-1.58,P=0.60) for distant cancer recurrence,and 1.27(0.86-1.65,P=0.19) for all cancer recurrence.A complete pathological response to chemoradiotherapy occurred in 10%-45.5% of patients.The 5-year survival benefi t was most pronounced when chemotherapy and radiotherapy were given concurrently(OR:1.45,95% CI:1.26-1.79,P=0.015) instead of sequentially(OR:0.85,95% CI:0.64-1.35,P=0.26).CONCLUSION:Compared with surgery alone,neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy can improve the long-term survival and reduce local-regional cancer recurrence.Concurrent administration of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was superior to sequential chemoradiotherapy.

Using CT imaging to delineate the prostatic apex for radiation treatment planning

Background and Objective: In computed tomography (CT)-based radiotherapy planning for prostate cancer, it is difficult to precisely delineate the prostatic apex because of its relationship with the urogenital diaphragm and bulbospongiosus musculature. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT scans of the patients with prostate cancer to investigate the relationship between the prostatic apex and the anatomic structure visible on CT, and to provide evidence for localizing the prostatic apex in radiotherapy planning. Methods: MRI and CT scans of 108 patients with prostate cancer were analyzed to measure the distances between the prostatic apex and the bottom of ischial tuberosities, the bottom of obturator foramen, the bottom of pubic symphysis, and the bulb of the penis. The volume of the prostate was measured to analyze its relationship with the localization of the prostatic apex. Results: The prostatic apex was located (13.1 ± 3.3) mm above the bulb of the penis, (11.0 ± 5.4) mm above the bottom of the obturator foramen, (31.3 ± 5.5) mm above the ischial tuberosities, and (7.1 ± 4.7) mm above the bottom of the symphysis pubis. There was no correlation between the size of the prostate and the localization of the prostatic apex. Conclusions: The variance of the distance between the prostatic apex and the bulb of the penis is smaller than that of the distance between the apex and bony anatomy. Delineating the target to 6 mm above the bulb of the penis can cover the prostatic apex in 95% of the patients with prostate cancer, delineating to the bottom of obturator foramen can cover the prostatic apex in 100% of the patients.

食管癌微创术后治疗失败模式及辅助治疗价值评估

我国当前对食管癌术后放疗的推荐主要基于左胸径路不完全两野清扫研究数据,而食管癌外科正处于术式变革期,已逐步由左开胸向右开胸过渡,由开放手术向微创手术(MIE)过渡。当前外科MIE选择适应证人群仍以偏早期患者为主,相较于开放手术,MIE具有更低的创伤性,同时右胸入路也利于更彻底清扫淋巴结,但目前关于食管癌MIE后肿瘤治疗失败模式数据及相关研究较少,很难指导后续治疗,MIE后对于选择性高危患者是否仍需辅助治疗及优选治疗模式仍有待临床探索。基于此背景,本文拟对MIE的安全性及患者长期生存结果、术后复发模式及失败率等问题进行综述,从而探讨术后辅助治疗价值并指导临床治疗。

中国人群前列腺癌根治术后切缘阳性危险因素的Meta分析

背景前列腺癌是危害我国老年男性生命健康常见的恶性肿瘤之一,前列腺癌根治术是局限性前列腺癌治疗最主要的手段。然而,部分患者存在术后病理标本切缘阳性,而切缘阳性是术后生化复发的高风险指标,是预后不良的高风险因素。目前有关中国人群前列腺癌根治术后切缘阳性的危险因素尚无统一意见。目的 探讨中国人群前列腺癌根治术后切缘阳性的危险因素,为防控工作提供参考。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库和维普网,搜集有关中国人群前列腺癌根治术后切缘阳性危险因素的相关文献,检索时限均从建库至2022-03-01,使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表(NOS)评价队列研究质量。采用Stata 16.0统计学软件对纳入研究的数据进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入21篇病例对照研究,包括6 782例患者,其中切缘阳性患者2 028例。Meta分析结果显示,术前高前列腺特异抗原(PSA)[OR=1.77,95%CI(1.18,2.65)]、穿刺神经周围侵犯[OR=5.83,95%CI(2.05,16.59)]、术前高级别临床T分期[OR=2.17,95%CI(1.06,4.42)]、术后高级别病理T分期[OR=4.30,95%CI(2.43,7.63)]、高穿刺阳性针数百分比[OR=1.83,95%CI(1.35,2.47)]、高穿刺格里森(Gleason)评分[OR=2.14,95%CI(1.67,2.74)]、术后高Gleason评分[OR=2.33,95%CI(1.80,3.01)]是我国人群前列腺癌根治术后切缘阳性的危险因素(P<0.05)。不同的手术方式的亚组分析显示,术前高级别临床T分期[OR=4.57,95%CI(2.57,8.12)]、术后高级别病理T分期[OR=4.80,95%CI(2.20,10.48)],术后高Gleason评分[OR=2.46,95%CI(1.57,3.86)]是行腹腔镜下根治性前列腺切除术的前列腺癌患者切缘阳性的危险因素(P<0.05);术前高PSA[OR=2.17,95%CI(1.60,2.94)]是行机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术的前列腺癌患者切缘阳性的危险因素(P<0.05)。敏感性分析结果显示,危险因素的一致性均较好,结果具有稳定性;术前PSA、术后病理T分期和术后Gleason评分的漏斗图分布不对称,存在发表偏倚;术前临床T分期漏斗图分布对称,不存在发表偏倚。结论 PSA、穿刺神经周围侵犯、术前高级别临床T分期、术后高级别病理T分期、高穿刺阳性针数百分比、高穿刺Gleason评分、术后高Gleason评分是我国人群前列腺癌根治术后切缘阳性的危险因素,在临床工作中应尽早识别,并采取干预措施来预防肿瘤复发和进展。

^(223)Ra治疗去势抵抗性前列腺癌骨转移质量控制共识

^(223)Ra是发射α粒子的放射性治疗药物,可用于治疗骨转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌(mCRPC),以抑制其生长。上海市核医学质量控制中心组织专家进行线上讨论,结合自身临床应用经验及国内外文献形成本共识,旨在规范化临床应用^(223)Ra。

针刺对喉癌术后放疗后吞咽障碍患者生活质量的影响

目的观察针刺对喉癌术后放疗后吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能、营养状态及生活质量的影响。方法将58例喉癌术后放疗后吞咽障碍患者随机分为试验组和对照组,每组29例。对照组采用康复治疗,试验组在对照组基础上采用针刺治疗。治疗前后采用吞咽造影检查(videofluoroscopic swallowing examination,VFSE)评价吞咽功能,患者参与的主观全面评定(patient-generated subjective global assessment,PG-SGA)评价营养状态,生活质量调查表(quality of life questionnaire-core 30,QLQ-C30)评价生活质量。结果治疗后,试验组VFSE、PG-SGA和QLQ-C30评分较治疗前改善(P<0.05);对照组VFSE和QLQ-C30评分均较治疗前改善(P<0.05);试验组VFSE、PG-SGA和QLQ-C30评分优于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组治疗前后VFSE、PG-SGA和QLQ-C30评分差值优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在康复治疗的基础上,针刺可有效改善喉癌术后放疗后吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能和营养状态,提高患者的生活质量。

超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检漏诊前列腺癌患者临床特征及原因分析

目的 探讨超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检漏诊前列腺癌患者临床特征及原因。方法 选取2021年7月—2023年3月收治的疑似前列腺癌80例,依据超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检和术后病理检查结果是否符合分为不符组31例和符合组49例,比较2组临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检漏诊前列腺癌的影响因素,R3.3.2软件和rms软件包构建超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检漏诊前列腺癌的列线图预测模型,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线、校准曲线和临床决策曲线评价该列线图预测模型的诊断效能。结果 不符组年龄及前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、PSA密度、经直肠指检(DRE)阳性占比、经直肠超声阳性占比、前列腺影像报告和数据系统(PI-RADS)评分≥4分占比低于符合组,前列腺体积(PV)大于符合组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、PSA、PV、DRE、PI-RADS评分是超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检前列腺癌漏诊的独立危险因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。基于危险因素构建的列线图预测模型预测超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检漏诊前列腺癌的概率为82.00%,绘制其ROC曲线显示,曲线下面积为0.836(95%CI 0.786,0.899),敏感度为81.20%,特异度为77.40%;校准曲线及临床决策曲线表明该列线图预测模型准确性、有效性高,临床实用性强。结论 超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌有较高的漏诊率,年龄、PSA、PV、DRE、PI-RADS评分均是其漏诊的独立危险因素,故对存在上述危险因素者需增加活检取样数等,以降低前列腺癌漏诊风险。

The role of radical prostatectomy and definitive external beam radiotherapy in combined treatment for high-risk prostate cancer:a systematic review and meta-analysis

The first-line treatment options for high-risk prostate cancer(PCa)are definitive external beam radiotherapy(EBRT)with or without androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)and radical prostatectomy(RP)with or without adjuvant therapies.However,few randomized trials have compared the survival outcomes of these two treatments.To systematically evaluate the survival outcomes of high-risk PCa patients treated with EBRT-or RP-based therapy,a comprehensive and up-to-date meta-analysis was performed.A systematic online search was conducted for randomized or observational studies that investigated biochemical relapse-free survival(bRFS),cancer-specific survival(CSS),and/or overall survival(OS),in relation to the use of RP or EBRT in patients with high-risk PCa.The summary hazard ratios(HRs)were estimated under the random effects models.We identified heterogeneity between studies using Q tests and measured it using I2 statistics.We evaluated publication bias using funnel plots and Egger's regression asymmetry tests.Seventeen studies(including one randomized controlled trial[RCT])of low risk of bias were selected and up to 9504 patients were pooled.When comparing EBRT-based treatment with RP-based treatment,the pooled HRs for bRFS,CSS,and OS were 0.40(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.24–0.67),1.36(95%CI:0.94–1.97),and 1.39(95%CI:1.18–1.62),respectively.Better OS for RP-based treatment and better bRFS for EBRT-based treatment have been identified,and there was no significant difference in CSS between the two treatments.RP-based treatment is recommended for high-risk PCa patients who value long-term survival,and EBRT-based treatment might be a promising alternative for elderly patients.

腹膜后肿瘤手术联合术中放疗的安全性研究

目的研究腹膜后肿瘤手术联合术中放疗的安全性。方法以2009年7月-2010年7月收治的经腹部CT和(或)MRI确诊为腹膜后肿瘤的患者为研究对象,除外以下病例:(1)术后病理证实肿瘤组织来源于淋巴造血系统、泌尿生殖系统;(2)术前CT和(或)MRI已发现肿瘤病变范围广泛,腹膜后多处受累。保留病变局限于腹膜后单一区域的患者。共筛选出符合入选标准者62例,将其分为两组:联合治疗组(n=30),行腹膜后肿瘤切除联合术中放疗;对照组(n=32),单纯行腹膜后肿瘤切除术。比较两组术前术后白细胞计数变化、胃肠功能恢复时间、切口拆线时间及并发症情况。结果联合治疗组与对照组在术前术后白细胞计数变化、胃肠功能恢复时间、切口拆线时间及并发症的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论手术联合术中放疗治疗腹膜后肿瘤安全性好,且不增加术后并发症风险。

分化型甲状腺癌术后~131Ⅰ治疗生存率分析

目的总结和分析分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)术后^(131)Ⅰ治疗的生存率变化。方法①1991～2003年收治 DTC 术后患者566例,按转移部位分组为颈淋巴结转移356例,肺转移128例和骨转移82例。②本院外科1991～2003年 DTC 术后随访患者198例,均未行^(131)Ⅰ清除术后剩余甲状腺(简称清甲)或治疗转移灶,仅接受术后 TSH 抑制(T_4)治疗。③本科1991～2003年收治 DTC 术后即行^(131)Ⅰ清甲者194例,术后2～6周即行^(131)Ⅰ清甲及后续转移灶^(131)Ⅰ治疗,并辅以 TSH 抑制(T_4)治疗。④根据寿命表法,分别计算各组(无死亡)生存率、无疾病生存率、无进展生存率和无复发生存率,分析其变化。结果①所有患者^(131)Ⅰ治疗后10年(无死亡)生存率为92.38%。②颈淋巴结转移组10年(无死亡)生存率为98.09%,肺转移组87.50%,骨转移组80.41%;近端(颈淋巴结)转移组(无死亡)生存率明显高于远端(肺或骨)转移组(X^2=4.074,P<0.05)。③手术+^(131)Ⅰ+T4治疗组无复发生存率、无进展生存率和无疾病生存率明显高于手术+T_4组(X^2均>3.84,P<0.05)。结论 ^(131)Ⅰ治疗可明显提高患者无复发生存率、无进展生存率和无疾病生存率。

Ⅱ和Ⅲ期胸段食管鳞癌术后不同辅助治疗方式治疗后的失败模式分析

目的比较Ⅱ和Ⅲ期胸段食管鳞癌患者单纯手术、术后放疗(PORT)和术后放化疗(POCRT)患者的失败模式,探讨适合不同亚组人群的最佳治疗模式。方法回顾性分析468例不同治疗方式Ⅱ和Ⅲ期胸段食管鳞癌术后患者的临床病理特征和失败模式的关系,应用SPSS19.0软件进行统计分析。结果全组患者胸腔-区域复发率为40.8%,远处转移率为27.4%。三组患者的1、3、5年胸腔-区域复发率差异有统计学意义,而三组间远处转移率差异未见有统计学意义。POCRT与单纯手术和PORT组患者相比胸腔内复发率较低;而单纯手术组患者较POCRT和PORT组患者远处转移率低。Ⅲ期较Ⅱ期患者的血行转移率高。与N0期相比,N1期患者锁骨上及腹腔淋巴结复发率和血行转移率均较高(P<0.05)。N0期患者接受术后辅助性治疗后,胸腔内复发率显著低于单纯手术患者,且N1期患者似乎更能从POCRT中受益。Ⅱ期患者中接受术后辅助治疗的其锁骨上淋巴复发率和胸腔内复发率均显著低于单纯手术患者,但Ⅱ/Ⅲ期接受术后辅助性治疗的患者的远处转移率要高于单纯手术患者。结论Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期食管癌有较高的胸腔-区域复发率和远处转移率,POCRT较PORT能显著降低患者的胸腔-区域复发率;建议Ⅱ期和N1期食管癌术后患者常规应用放化联合治疗。

乳腺癌术后逆向调强放射治疗方案的比较研究

目的:比较不同照射野的逆向调强放疗方案,研究符合临床要求的乳腺癌术后最佳治疗方案。方法:对8例左侧乳腺癌术后进行预防照射,采用5、7、9、11和13个照射野5种方法分别制订逆向调强计划,使用相同的剂量-体积约束条件进行逆向优化,靶区平均剂量50Gy,选择剂量最佳方案进行治疗,比较这5个计划的剂量分布、剂量体积直方图(DVH)、适合度指数(CI)、不均匀指数和危及器官的剂量体积值等指标。结果:11～13个野的逆向调强计划可使临床靶区体积(CTV)获得满意的剂量分布。随着照射野数目的增加,靶区剂量均匀性、适合度指数提高,而5种照射方案相比,除了右肺外,其余危及器官的受照射剂量差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。结论:11～13个调强照射野可使乳腺癌术后调强治疗获得理想的剂量分布,而不会增加各个危及器官的受照剂量。

前列腺癌放疗的摆位误差分析

目的探讨前列腺癌仰卧位放疗时左右、头脚、前后方向的摆位误差及各方向的旋转误差。方法收集2011年10月至2013年6月接受前列腺癌根治性放疗的患者25例,采用仰卧位体模固定,锥形束CT(CBCT)骨配准校位,分析左右、头脚、前后方向的平均摆位误差及各方向的平均旋转误差。结果全放疗疗程中每例患者校位9次,共计225次。各方向的平均摆位误差:左右(0.19±0.18)cm,头脚(0.36±0.30)cm,前后(0.21±0.16)cm;其中左右方向摆位误差≥5mm占5.8%,头脚占24.3%,前后占8.0%。各方向旋转误差:轴位(1.07±1.03)°,头脚(0.82±0.66)°,水平(0.79±0.68)°。前5次与后4次摆位及旋转误差比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论前列腺癌仰卧位放疗时,头脚摆位误差最大,左右及前后摆位误差相当,旋转误差较小可忽略不计。

Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级脑胶质瘤术后放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗的疗效观察

目的评价Ⅲ、Ⅳ级脑胶质瘤术后放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗的近期疗效。方法回顾分析2011年1月至2013年10月收治的52例Ⅲ、Ⅳ级脑胶质瘤术后放疗或放化疗患者的临床资料,其中单纯放疗19例,放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗33例。分析患者近期疗效。结果随访率100%,随访时间满1、2年样本数分别为22、7例。1、2年总生存率分别为44.0%、13.46%。单因素分析显示:手术切除程度、术前有无癫痫、是否同期化疗均为影响患者生存的因素(P=0.000、0.013、0.003)。多因素分析显示:肿瘤切除程度、术前有无癫痫发作、放疗是否联合替莫唑胺化疗、化疗周期数是影响患者生存预后的独立影响因素(P=0.001、0.018、0.028、0.006)。结论Ⅲ、Ⅳ级脑胶质瘤术后患者放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗可取得较好疗效,同时肿瘤切除程度、术前有无癫痫发作、放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗及化疗周期数是影响恶性胶质瘤患者长期生存的重要因素。

非小细胞肺癌根治术后放射治疗价值的前瞻性研究

目的 评价术后放疗对根治术后N1与N2 非小细胞肺癌的作用。方法 1982年 2月至 1995年12月收治的 36 6例小于 6 5岁的N1与N2 非小细胞肺癌病例 ,随机分为术后放疗组 (n =184)和单纯手术组 (n= 182 )。结果 术后放疗组和单纯手术组 5年生存率分别为 43 .4%± 5 .1%和 40 .5 %± 4.6 % (P =0 .5 6 ) ,5年无瘤生存率分别为 42 .9%± 5 .2 %和 38.3 %± 4.5 % (P =0 .2 8)。T3 4 N1M0 患者在术后放疗组的 5年生存率和5年无瘤生存率分别为 5 8.1%± 15 .5 %和 6 5 %± 12 % ,单纯手术组则分别为 39.9%± 10 .2 % (P =0 .0 92 )和40 %± 10 % (P =0 .0 5 7)。术后放疗可明显减少胸内复发 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 术后放疗可减少局部复发 ,对总的生存改善不明显 ,但对T3 4

^(89)锶联合内分泌疗法治疗前列腺癌骨转移疼痛的疗效观察

目的探讨89锶(89Sr)联合内分泌疗法治疗前列腺癌骨转移性疼痛的疗效。方法将36例确诊为前列腺癌且有多个部位骨转移病灶并伴有疼痛的患者随机分为两组:治疗组19例,给予89Sr联合内分泌疗法,对照组17例,单纯采用内分泌治疗。结果治疗前两组患者的疼痛级数和骨转移灶数目间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。治疗后两组患者疼痛级数和骨转移病灶数间差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论89Sr联合内分泌疗法不仅能有效缓解前列腺癌骨转移性疼痛,而且可破坏骨转移病灶,使之缩小或消退,疗效优于单纯内分泌疗法。

恶性脑胶质瘤术后放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗的疗效观察

目的比较单纯放射治疗及放疗联合替莫唑胺治疗高级别胶质瘤的有效性以及不良反应。方法 86例术后病理证实间变性星形细胞瘤及胶质母细胞瘤随机分为单纯放疗(RT)以及放疗联合替莫唑胺治疗组,研究两组患者治疗有效率、生活质量和药物安全性。结果两组间各项临床病理特征相似,其中病灶未完全切除患者共62例。术后放疗联合替莫唑胺组(RT-TMZ)以及单纯放射治疗(RT)组的近期总有效率分别为87.5%和60.0%(P<0.05)。RT-TMZ组中位生存期为16.2月,RT组仅10.7月(P<0.05)。RT-TMZ组的1、2年生存率分别为74.4%和46.5%,明显高于单纯RT组(P<0.05)。而RT-TMZ组患者对治疗的耐受性良好,常见不良反应是骨髓抑制和呕吐。结论术后放疗联合替莫唑胺化疗治疗高级别胶质瘤能有效提高治疗有效率及生活质量,提高患者无瘤生存期,且患者耐受性较好。