Quantitative detection of citrate for early stage diagnosing of prostate cancer:Discriminating normal to cancer in prostate tissues

Prostate cancer(PC)biomarker-citrate detection is clinically important to diagnose PC in early stages.Methylquinolinium iodide(Q)conjugated indole-phenylboronic acid(IB)was designed as a red-emissive QIB probe for the detection of citrate through Lewis acid-base reaction and intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)sensing mechanisms.Boronic acid acts as Lewis acid as well as citrate(Lewis base)recognition unit.The probe reacted with citrate,showing enhanced red emissions.Since the probe has excellent water solubility and great biocompatibility,practical application in biological systems is possible.Citrate was monitored precisely in the mitochondria organelle(in vitro)of living cells with a positive charge on QIB.Also,endogenous(in situ)citrate was detected quantitatively to discriminate non-cancerous and PC mice,observed strong and lower(negligible)emission intensity on non-cancerous and cancerous prostate tissues,respectively.Because,the concentration of citrate is higher in healthy prostate compared with PC prostate.Furthermore,the analysis of sliced prostate tissues can give PC-related information for clinical diagnosis to prevent and treat PC in the initial stages.Therefore,we believe that the present probe is a promising biochemical reagent in diagnosing PC.

Expression and clinical significance of novel protein kinase C ε in prostate cancer tissues

Objective To explore the expression of novel protein kinase C ε ( PKCε) in normal prostate ( NP) tissue, benign prostate hyperplasia ( BPH) ,pericancerous ( PC) tissue and prostate cancer ( Pca) ,and study its correlation with the grade and stage of Pca. Methods Ten NP slides,ten BPH slides,ten PC slides and 43 Pca

Application of histone modification in the risk prediction of the biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy

The role of histone modifications in the development and progression of cancer remains unclear. Here,we gave an investigation of the relationship between the various histone modifications and the risk prediction of the biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy （RP）. Histone 3 lysine 4 dimethylation （H3K4diMe）,trimethylation （H3K4triMe）,lysine 36 trimethylation （H3K36triMe）,histone 4 lysine 20 trimethylation （H4K20triMe）and acetylation of histome 3 lysine 9 （H3K9Ac） were evaluated using immnuohistochemistry coupled with the tissue microarray technique in 169 primary prostatectomy tissue samples. Recursive partitioning analysis （RPA） was used to analyze the data. Through global histone modification analysis in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy,we found that H3K4triMe can predict the risk of the biochemical recurrence for the low grade prostate cancer （Gleason score≤6） after RP. In the case of high grade prostate cancer （Gleason score≥7）,H4K20triMe and H3K9Ac accompanying with the pre-operation prostate-specific antigen （PSA） level could also predict the risk of the biochemical recurrence after RP. In combination with the Gieason score and pre-operation PSA level,the acetylation and methylation of histones H3 and H4 can predict the biochemical recurrence of the prostate cancer following RP.

DNA aptamer selected for specific recognition of prostate cancer cells and clinical tissues

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men lack of efficient early diagnosis and therapeutics,calling for effective molecular probes.Herein,we performed cell-based systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment（cell-SELEX） to obtain specific recognition of human prostate cancer cells PC-3M.Four aptamers were successfully obtained that can bind to target cells with high affinity and specificity.A 51-nt truncated sequence named Xq-2-C1 was identified after further elaborative analysis on the secondary structure.More importantly,the achieved aptamer Xq-2-C1 not only demonstrated excellent specific to target cells,but also revealed specific recognition to clinical prostate cancer tissue.The tissue imaging results showed that Xq-2-C1 had better recognition ratio for clinical prostate cancer tissue samples（85%） compared to the random sequence（9%）.These results demonstrate that these newly generated aptamers would furnish potential applications in the early diagnosis and clinical treatment of prostate cancer.